[1] BARROWS HS, ABRAHAMSON S.The programmed patient:A technique for appraising student performance in clinical neurology[J].J Med Educ, 1964, 39(8):802.
[2] WALLACE P.Following the threads of an innovation:The history of standardized patients in medical education[J].Caduceus, 1997, 13(2):5.
[3] KARABILGIN OS, VATANSEVER K, CALISKAN SA, et al.Assessing medical student competency in communication in the pre-clinical phase:objective structured video exam and SP exam[J].Patient Educ Couns, 2012, 87(3):293. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.10.008
[4] BOSSE HM, SCHULTZ JH, NICKEL M, et al.The effect of using standardized patients or peer role play on ratings of undergraduate communication training:a randomized controlled trial[J].Patient Educ Couns, 2012, 87(3):300. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.10.007
[5] HOWLEY LD, GLIVA-MCCONVEY G, THORNTO J.Standardized patient practices:initial report on the survey of US and Canadian medical schools[J].Med Educ Online, 2009, 14.
[6] MAVIS BE, COLE BL, HOPPE RB.A survey of student assessment in U.S.medical schools:The balance of breadth versus fidelity[J].Teaching Learning Med, 2001, 13(2):74. doi: 10.1207/S15328015TLM1302_1
[7] KOGAN JR, HOLMOE ES, HAUER KE.Tools for direct observation and assessment of clinical skills of medical trainees:a systematic review[J].JAMA, 2009, 302(12):1316. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1365
[8] CLELAND JA, ABE K, RETHANS JJ.The use of simulated patients in medical education:AMEE Guide No 42[J].Med Teach, 2009, 31(6):477.
[9] ASO RA, YOSHIMURA A, SHIMURA T, et al.Special training course for simulated patients who participated in the advanced OSCE at Nippon Medical School[J].J Nippon Med Sch, 2008, 75(1):46.
[10] NESTEL D, TABAK D, TIERNEY T, et al.Key challenges in simulated patient programs:an international comparative case study[J].BMC Med Educ, 2011, 11(1):69. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-11-69
[11] CANTILLON P, STEWART B, HAECK K, et al.Simulated patient programs in Europe:collegiality or separate development[J].Med Teach, 2010, 32(3):e106.
[12] KERR B, HAWHINS TL, HERMAN R, et al.Feasibility of scenario-based simulation training versus traditional workshops in continuing medical education:a randomized controlled trial[J].Med Educ Online, 2013, 18(1):21312.
[13] TONGDEE P, TIANSRI K, MED SS.Mobile content and scenario-based manikin for improving learning outcomes in obstetrics of preclinical medical students[J].J Med Assoc Thai, 2016, 99(Suppl 7):S49.
[14] WIND LA, VAN DJ, MUIJTJENS AJ.Assessing simulated patients in an educational setting:The MaSP (Maastricht Assessment of Simulated Patients)[J].Med Educ, 2004, 38(1):39. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2004.01686.x
[15] BOUTER S, WEEL-BAUMGARTEN EV, BOLHUIS S.Construction and validation of the Nijmegen Evaluation of the Simulated Patient (NESP):assessing simulated patients' ability to role-play and provide feedback to students[J].Acad Med, 2013, 88(2):253. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31827c0856
[16] BORLET JR.Using SP-based assessments to make valid inferences concerning student abilities:pitfalls and challenges[J].Med Teach, 2012, 34(9):681. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2012.708465
[17] HUWENDIEK S, REICHERT F, BOSSE HM, et al.Design principles for virtual patients:a focus group study among students[J].Med Educ, 2009, 43(6):580. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03369.x
[18] WANGGREN K, JONASSEN AF, ANDERSSON S, et al.Teaching pelvic examination technique using professional patients:a controlled study evaluating students' skills[J].Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2010, 89(10):1298.
[19] COOK DA, TRIOLA MM.Virtual patients:a critical literature review and proposed next steps[J].Med Educ, 2009, 43(4):303. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03286.x
[20] BERMAN NB, DURNING SJ, FISCHER MR, et al.The role for virtual patients in the future of medical education[J].Acad Med, 2016, 91(9):1217. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001146
[21] ISHIKAWA S, OKMOTO S, ISOGAI K, et al.Assessment of robotic patient simulators for training in manual physical therapy examination techniques[J].PLoS One, 2015, 10(4):e0126392. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126392