Abstract: Objective: To explore the efficacy of surgical therapy for primary vulvar cancer and the relative factors influencing the prognosis. Methods: Of the 51 patients having received operation for vulvar cancer,7 accepted radical local excision,28 traditional radical vulvectomy plus inguinofemoral lymphadenetomy and 16 modified radical vulvectomy plus inguinofemoral lymphadenetomy. SPSS software was used to analyze the effects of different surgical procedures and the prognostic factors. Results: According to the International Federation of Gynecologyand Obstetrics 2009,31 patients were classified as stage Ⅰ,5 as stageⅡ,12 as stage Ⅲ and 3 as stage Ⅳ. The overall 5-year survival rate was 80.4%. All the 7 patients accepted radical local excision surgery survived more than 5 years; the 5-year survival rates of the traditional radical vulvectomy group and the modified radical vulvectomy group were 78.6% and 75.0%,respectively. The difference was not significant(P > 0.05). The patients with positive inguinofemoral lymph nodes who had received chemoradiation therapy or radiation therapy demonstrated no great difference in 5-year survival rate(P > 0.05). Conclusions: Surgery is the most definite means for vulvar cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve the 5-yearival rate of the patients with vulvar cancer. Comprehensive and individualized therapy should be adopted for treatment of vulvar cancer.