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前列腺癌是位列欧美国家发病率第一,死亡率第二的常见疾病[1]。近年来我国的发病率亦呈现快速上升趋势[2]。腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术作为前列腺癌综合治疗的重要部分,手术指征的范围不断扩大。尽管手术技术和机器人精细操作逐渐成熟,但前列腺癌根治术后早期并发症发生率仍无法得到有效的降低。尿失禁是前列腺癌术后最为常见和棘手的并发症,尤其在术后早期尿控均不理想,文献报道早期尿控率仅16%~70%[3-4]。因此,如何改善早期尿控,减少术后尿失禁对病人生活质量及康复的影响尤为重要。本研究通过回顾性分析65例腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术病人的术后早期尿控恢复情况,探讨术后早期尿控可能的影响因素,为预防术后早期尿失禁提供思路。
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共收集65例前列腺癌病人,年龄54~81岁,平均(68.38±6.24)岁;BMI 19.8~32.5 kg/m2,平均(26.53±2.30)kg/m2;前列腺质量25~110g,平均(40.8±4.2)g;术前PSA水平19~104 ng/dL, 平均(25.3±3.1) ng/dL;Gleason评分≤7分23例(35.38%),>7分42例(64.61%);病理分期≤T2c 16例(24.61%),≥T3a 49例(75.38%);术后3个月尿控情况:完全恢复32例(49.23%),轻度尿失禁17例(26.15%),中-重度尿失禁16例(24.61%)。
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通过分别分析病人一般资料、肿瘤相关特征、围手术期因素与术后早期尿控的关系,探讨早期尿控的影响因素,结果表明:年龄、BMI、术前LUTS新辅助治疗、术前前列腺体积、肿瘤分期、术中出血量、完整保留膀胱颈、术后漏尿等变量与术后早期尿控恢复相关(P<0.05~P<0.01)(见表 1~3)。
一般特征 n 尿控 χ2 P 年龄/岁 <65 17 15(88.23) 18.88 <0.01 65~70 13 8(61.54) >70 35 9(25.71) BMI/(kg/m2) <24 7 6(85.71) 13.42 <0.01 24~28 42 24(57.14) >28 16 2(12.50) 基础疾病 有
无13
526(46.15)
26(50.00)0.06 >0.05 术前LUTS 有
无22
437(31.82)
25(58.14)4.03 <0.05 新辅助治疗 有
无17
4812(70.59)
20(41.67)4.20 <0.05 表 1 病人一般资料特征对术后早期尿控的影响[n; 百分率(%)]
肿瘤特征 n 尿控 χ2 P 术前前列腺质量/g ≤30
>3012
539(75.00)
23(43.40)3.91 <0.05 术前PSA水平/(ng/dL) <20
≥2018
478(44.44)
24(51.06)0.23 >0.05 危险度分级 中-低危
高危17
487(41.18)
25(52.08)0.60 >0.05 肿瘤分期 ≤T2c
≥T3a16
4912(75.00)
20(40.82)5.64 <0.05 Gleason评分/分 ≤7
>723
4210(43.48)
22(52.38)0.47 >0.05 前列腺电切病史 有
无4
610(0.00)
32(52.46)2.30 >0.05 切缘阳性 有
无8
572(25.00)
30(52.63)1.60 >0.05 表 2 肿瘤特征对术后早期尿控的影响[n; 百分率(%)]
围手术期因素 n 尿控 χ2 P 手术时间/min ≤120
>12012
535(41.67)
27(50.94)0.34 >0.05 术中出血量/mL ≤600
>60044
2126(59.09)
6(28.57)5.30 <0.05 手术路径 腹膜外
经腹腔28
3713(46.43)
19(51.35)0.15 >0.05 PLND 有
无30
3517(56.67)
15(42.86)1.23 >0.05 完整保留膀胱颈 有
无38
2725(65.79)
7(25.93)10.04 <0.01 远端尿道保留 有
无42
2323(54.76)
9(39.13)1.45 >0.05 术后漏尿 有
无9
561(11.11)
31(55.36)4.43 <0.05 术后康复训练 有
无9
565(55.56)
27(48.21)0.000 >0.05 表 3 围手术期因素对术后早期尿控的影响[n; 百分率(%)]
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对上述单因素分析中差异具有统计学意义的变量进行多因素logistic回归分析,具体赋值情况见表 4。结果显示,年龄、新辅助治疗、出血量、完整保留膀胱颈4个变量因素为术后早期尿控的独立影响因素(P<0.05~P<0.01)(见表 5)。
项目 赋值 尿控情况 完全尿控=0,轻度尿失禁和中重度尿失禁=1 年龄 <65岁=0, 65~70岁=1,>70岁=2 BMI <24 kg/m2=0,24~28 kg/m2=1,>28 kg/m2=2 新辅助治疗 有=0,无=1 术前前列腺体积 ≤30 cm3=0,>30 cm3=1 肿瘤分期 ≤T2c=0,>T3a=1 术中出血量 <600 mL=0, >600 mL=1 完整保留膀胱颈 有=0,无=1 术后漏尿 有=0,无=1 表 4 自变量赋值表
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR 95%CI 年龄 -2.327 0.631 13.604 <0.01 2.491 1.091~3.564 新辅助治疗 1.985 0.956 4.310 <0.05 1.694 0.111~3.859 出血量 -1.919 0.723 7.040 <0.01 2.068 0.501~3.337 完整保留膀胱颈 1.990 0.686 8.414 <0.01 2.537 0.645~3.334 表 5 早期尿控影响因素的logistic回归分析
腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后早期尿控的影响因素分析
Analysis of influencing factors of early post operative urine control after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
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摘要:
目的探讨腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后早期尿控的影响因素。 方法选取行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的病人65例,回顾性分析病人的一般特征、肿瘤、手术等临床资料及病人早期尿控恢复情况,探究术后早期尿控的影响因素。 结果病人早期尿控率为49.23%,单因素分析结果显示:年龄、体质量指数、新辅助治疗、前列腺质量、肿瘤分期、出血量、完整保留膀胱颈、术后漏尿等变量与术后早期尿控恢复相关(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。logistic回归多因素分析结果显示:年龄、新辅助治疗、出血量、完整保留膀胱颈4个变量为术后早期尿控恢复的独立影响因素(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。 结论腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后早期尿控受多种因素的影响,合适的手术时机、术前新辅助内分泌治疗、术中精准操作减少出血量及止血操作副损伤、完整保留膀胱颈部与尽可能长的尿道均可使早期尿控获益。 -
关键词:
- 前列腺肿瘤 /
- 腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术 /
- 早期尿控
Abstract:ObjectiveTo detect the influencing factors of early postoperative urine control after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. MethodsA total of 65 prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy were selected.The general features, tumor, operation and recovery of early urinary control in all patients were retrospectively analyzed, and the influencing factors of early postoperative urinary control were investigated. ResultsThe rate of early urine control in all patients was 49.23%.The results of univariate analysis showed that the age, body mass index, neoadjuvant therapy, prostate volume, tumor staging, blood loss, retaining complete bladder neck and postoperative leakage were correlated with the recovery of early postoperative urinary control, and the differences of those were statistically significant(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the age, neoadjuvant therapy, amount of bleeding and retaining complete bladder neck were the independent influencing factors of early postoperative urine control, and the differences of those were statistically significant(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). ConclusionsMultiple factors can affect the early postoperative urine control after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.Early urinary control can benefit from the appropriate operation timing, preoperative neoadjuvant endocrine therapy, intraoperative precise operation to reduce blood loss and side injury of hemostatic operation, retaining complete bladder neck and urethra as long as possible. -
表 1 病人一般资料特征对术后早期尿控的影响[n; 百分率(%)]
一般特征 n 尿控 χ2 P 年龄/岁 <65 17 15(88.23) 18.88 <0.01 65~70 13 8(61.54) >70 35 9(25.71) BMI/(kg/m2) <24 7 6(85.71) 13.42 <0.01 24~28 42 24(57.14) >28 16 2(12.50) 基础疾病 有
无13
526(46.15)
26(50.00)0.06 >0.05 术前LUTS 有
无22
437(31.82)
25(58.14)4.03 <0.05 新辅助治疗 有
无17
4812(70.59)
20(41.67)4.20 <0.05 表 2 肿瘤特征对术后早期尿控的影响[n; 百分率(%)]
肿瘤特征 n 尿控 χ2 P 术前前列腺质量/g ≤30
>3012
539(75.00)
23(43.40)3.91 <0.05 术前PSA水平/(ng/dL) <20
≥2018
478(44.44)
24(51.06)0.23 >0.05 危险度分级 中-低危
高危17
487(41.18)
25(52.08)0.60 >0.05 肿瘤分期 ≤T2c
≥T3a16
4912(75.00)
20(40.82)5.64 <0.05 Gleason评分/分 ≤7
>723
4210(43.48)
22(52.38)0.47 >0.05 前列腺电切病史 有
无4
610(0.00)
32(52.46)2.30 >0.05 切缘阳性 有
无8
572(25.00)
30(52.63)1.60 >0.05 表 3 围手术期因素对术后早期尿控的影响[n; 百分率(%)]
围手术期因素 n 尿控 χ2 P 手术时间/min ≤120
>12012
535(41.67)
27(50.94)0.34 >0.05 术中出血量/mL ≤600
>60044
2126(59.09)
6(28.57)5.30 <0.05 手术路径 腹膜外
经腹腔28
3713(46.43)
19(51.35)0.15 >0.05 PLND 有
无30
3517(56.67)
15(42.86)1.23 >0.05 完整保留膀胱颈 有
无38
2725(65.79)
7(25.93)10.04 <0.01 远端尿道保留 有
无42
2323(54.76)
9(39.13)1.45 >0.05 术后漏尿 有
无9
561(11.11)
31(55.36)4.43 <0.05 术后康复训练 有
无9
565(55.56)
27(48.21)0.000 >0.05 表 4 自变量赋值表
项目 赋值 尿控情况 完全尿控=0,轻度尿失禁和中重度尿失禁=1 年龄 <65岁=0, 65~70岁=1,>70岁=2 BMI <24 kg/m2=0,24~28 kg/m2=1,>28 kg/m2=2 新辅助治疗 有=0,无=1 术前前列腺体积 ≤30 cm3=0,>30 cm3=1 肿瘤分期 ≤T2c=0,>T3a=1 术中出血量 <600 mL=0, >600 mL=1 完整保留膀胱颈 有=0,无=1 术后漏尿 有=0,无=1 表 5 早期尿控影响因素的logistic回归分析
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR 95%CI 年龄 -2.327 0.631 13.604 <0.01 2.491 1.091~3.564 新辅助治疗 1.985 0.956 4.310 <0.05 1.694 0.111~3.859 出血量 -1.919 0.723 7.040 <0.01 2.068 0.501~3.337 完整保留膀胱颈 1.990 0.686 8.414 <0.01 2.537 0.645~3.334 -
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