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随着近年来我国经济的快速发展,社会生活方式也随之迎来了巨大变革,我国各地区的劳务经济也得以飞速提升[1-2]。农村大规模人口外出务工为我国的经济建设提供了源源不断的活力,而留守儿童也成为一个当前环境下较为特殊的群体[3-4]。为探讨留守和非留守儿童监护人预防接种知识、态度、行为现状和知识需求情况调查及针对性干预模式,我们选取64名来我院体检的留守儿童和64名非留守儿童展开相关研究。现作报道。
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128名儿童中,93名(72.65%)儿童接种完全程基础疫苗,其中留守儿童34名(36.56%),而非留守儿童59名(63.44%)。非留守儿童乙肝疫苗3次接种率、脊灰疫苗3次接种率、百日破疫苗和A群流脑疫苗接种率均高于留守儿童(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
疫苗种类 次数 甲组
(n=64)乙组
(n=64)χ2 P 卡介苗 — 62(96.88) 63(98.43) 0.34 >0.05 乙肝疫苗 1 62(96.88) 63(98.43) 0.34 >0.05 2 58(90.63) 63(98.43) 3.78 >0.05 3 50(78.13) 62(96.88) 10.29 < 0.01 脊灰疫苗 1 62(96.88) 63(98.43) 0.34 >0.05 2 57(89.06) 62(96.88) 2.98 >0.05 3 51(79.69) 61(95.31) 7.14 < 0.01 乙脑疫苗 — 45(70.31) 62(96.88) 16.46 < 0.01 百日破疫苗 1 57(89.06) 63(98.43) 4.80 < 0.05 2 53(82.81) 62(96.88) 6.93 < 0.01 3 52(81.25) 61(95.31) 6.12 < 0.05 含麻疫苗 1 58(90.63) 62(96.88) 2.13 >0.05 A群流脑疫苗 1 57(89.06) 63(98.43) 4.80 < 0.05 2 40(62.50) 60(98.43) 18.29 < 0.01 表 1 2组儿童预防接种率[n;百分率(%)]
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所有儿童监护人均对问卷设计的相关预防接种知识具备较好的认识,其中乙组儿童的监护人在“知道出生需要接种哪两种疫苗”“知道预防接种的作用”“知道儿童何时开始要打疫苗”3个条目的正确认识率均高于甲组儿童监护人(P < 0.05);2组儿童监护人对其他7条预防接种知识的正确认识率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
预防接种
知识、态度甲组
(n=64)乙组
(n=64)χ2 P 应该带孩子接种疫苗 59(92.18) 63(98.43) 2.80 >0.05 知道在接种疫苗后的留观时间 56(87.50) 57(89.06) 0.08 >0.05 知道接种证办理地点及保存时间 50(78.13) 51(79.69) 0.05 >0.05 知道儿童建立预防接种证的时间 51(79.69) 52(81.25) 0.05 >0.05 知道何时接种新生儿乙肝疫苗第1针 50(78.13) 51(79.69) 0.05 >0.05 知道出生需要接种哪两种疫苗 54(84.38) 61(95.31) 4.20 < 0.05 知道儿童何时开始要打疫苗 54(84.38) 62(96.88) 5.88 < 0.05 知道预防接种的作用 57(89.06) 63(98.43) 4.80 < 0.05 知道计划生育与疫苗接种的区别 61(95.13) 63(98.43) 1.03 >0.05 认为疫苗接种是传染病最好的预防方法 59(92.18) 63(98.43) 2.80 >0.05 表 2 预防接种知识和态度比较[n;百分率(%)]
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5项疫苗接种行为及需求中,甲组儿童监护人“认为接种地点距离太远率”比例高于乙组儿童监护人(P < 0.01),其余4项在2组儿童监护人之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 3)。
行为及需求 甲组
(n=64)乙组
(n=64)χ2 P 愿意小孩获取接种服务 59(92.18) 63(98.43) 2.80 >0.05 知道接种时间 56(87.50) 60(93.75) 1.47 >0.05 知道接种地点 58(90.63) 63(98.44) 3.78 >0.05 接种地点距离太远 33(51.56) 18(28.13) 7.33 < 0.01 想要了解哪种情况不能接种 51(79.69) 58(90.63) 3.02 >0.05 表 3 2组儿童监护人的疫苗接种行为及需求[n; 百分率(%)]
留守和非留守儿童监护人预防接种知识、态度、行为现状和知识需求情况调查
Investigation on the knowledge, attitude, behavior and knowledge demand of vaccination for left-behind and non-left-behind child guardians
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摘要:
目的 探讨留守和非留守儿童监护人预防接种知识、态度、行为现状和知识需求情况及针对性干预模式。 方法 选取64名于2016年12月至2018年12月体检的农村留守儿童(甲组)和同期体检的64名非留守儿童(乙组),通过对儿童预防接种卡的查验了解儿童接种率的现状,同时通过问卷调查的方式了解儿童监护人对预防接种的知识、态度、行为现状和知识需求情况及针对性干预模式。 结果 在128名儿童中,有93名(72.65%)儿童接种完全程基础疫苗,其中留守儿童34名(63.56%),非留守儿童59名(63.44%),乙组儿童乙肝疫苗3次接种率、脊灰疫苗3次接种率、乙脑疫苗、百日破和A群流脑疫苗接种率均高于甲组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。所有儿童监护人均对问卷设计的相关预防接种知识具备较好的认识,其中乙组儿童的监护人在“知道出生需要接种哪两种疫苗”“知道预防接种的作用”“知道儿童何时开始要打疫苗”3个条目的正确认识率均高于甲组(P < 0.05);2组儿童监护人对其他7条预防接种知识的正确认识率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。5项疫苗接种行为及需求中,甲组儿童监护人“认为接种地点距离太远率”比例高于乙组(P < 0.01),其余4项在2组儿童监护人之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 如何调动村级预防接种人员的积极性是针对留守儿童预防接种干预的工作重点,建议将同伴教育的宣传方式引进留守儿童家庭进行相应的宣传教育,从而加强对留守儿童预防接种工作的关心与投入。 Abstract:Objective To discuss the knowledge, attitude, behavior and knowledge demand of vaccination for left-behind and non-left-behind child guardians and targeted intervention mode. Methods Sixty-four physical examination rural left-behind children (group A) and 64 non-left-behind children (group B) from December 2016 to December 2018 were selected.The present situation of child vaccination rate were investigated using the children vaccination card, and the knowledge, attitude and behavior of vaccination and knowledge demand and targeted intervention mode of children's guardians were understood using the way of questionnaire. Results Among 128 children, 93 (72.65%) children were vaccinated with basic vaccines throughout the course, which included 34 left-behind children (36.56%) and 59 non-left-behind children (63.44%).The vaccination rates of 3 times vaccination rates of hepatitis B vaccine and polio vaccine, JE vaccine, DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus) vaccine, and group A epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine in non-left-behind children were higher than those in left-behind children (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).All child guardians for the vaccination knowledge of the questionnaire designing had a good understanding, and the correct recognition rates of "know which two vaccine are needed for birth", "know the effect of vaccination", and "know when children start to vaccination" in guardians of group B children were higher than those in guardians of group A children (P < 0.05).There was no statistical significance in the correct recognition rate of other 7 items of vaccination knowledge between the guardians of two groups (P>0.05).Among the 5 vaccination behaviors and needs, the proportion of "believe that the vaccination place is too far away" in guardians of children in group A was higher than that of guardians of children in group B (P < 0.01), while the differences of the remaining 4 items in guardians of children between two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Arousing the enthusiasm of village vaccination staff is the focus of preventive intervention for left-behind children.It is suggested that the peer education should be introduced into the families of left-behind children to carry out corresponding propaganda and education, to strengthen the care and input to the vaccination work of left-behind children. -
Key words:
- vaccination /
- left-behind children /
- knowledge demand /
- behavior status /
- intervention mode
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表 1 2组儿童预防接种率[n;百分率(%)]
疫苗种类 次数 甲组
(n=64)乙组
(n=64)χ2 P 卡介苗 — 62(96.88) 63(98.43) 0.34 >0.05 乙肝疫苗 1 62(96.88) 63(98.43) 0.34 >0.05 2 58(90.63) 63(98.43) 3.78 >0.05 3 50(78.13) 62(96.88) 10.29 < 0.01 脊灰疫苗 1 62(96.88) 63(98.43) 0.34 >0.05 2 57(89.06) 62(96.88) 2.98 >0.05 3 51(79.69) 61(95.31) 7.14 < 0.01 乙脑疫苗 — 45(70.31) 62(96.88) 16.46 < 0.01 百日破疫苗 1 57(89.06) 63(98.43) 4.80 < 0.05 2 53(82.81) 62(96.88) 6.93 < 0.01 3 52(81.25) 61(95.31) 6.12 < 0.05 含麻疫苗 1 58(90.63) 62(96.88) 2.13 >0.05 A群流脑疫苗 1 57(89.06) 63(98.43) 4.80 < 0.05 2 40(62.50) 60(98.43) 18.29 < 0.01 表 2 预防接种知识和态度比较[n;百分率(%)]
预防接种
知识、态度甲组
(n=64)乙组
(n=64)χ2 P 应该带孩子接种疫苗 59(92.18) 63(98.43) 2.80 >0.05 知道在接种疫苗后的留观时间 56(87.50) 57(89.06) 0.08 >0.05 知道接种证办理地点及保存时间 50(78.13) 51(79.69) 0.05 >0.05 知道儿童建立预防接种证的时间 51(79.69) 52(81.25) 0.05 >0.05 知道何时接种新生儿乙肝疫苗第1针 50(78.13) 51(79.69) 0.05 >0.05 知道出生需要接种哪两种疫苗 54(84.38) 61(95.31) 4.20 < 0.05 知道儿童何时开始要打疫苗 54(84.38) 62(96.88) 5.88 < 0.05 知道预防接种的作用 57(89.06) 63(98.43) 4.80 < 0.05 知道计划生育与疫苗接种的区别 61(95.13) 63(98.43) 1.03 >0.05 认为疫苗接种是传染病最好的预防方法 59(92.18) 63(98.43) 2.80 >0.05 表 3 2组儿童监护人的疫苗接种行为及需求[n; 百分率(%)]
行为及需求 甲组
(n=64)乙组
(n=64)χ2 P 愿意小孩获取接种服务 59(92.18) 63(98.43) 2.80 >0.05 知道接种时间 56(87.50) 60(93.75) 1.47 >0.05 知道接种地点 58(90.63) 63(98.44) 3.78 >0.05 接种地点距离太远 33(51.56) 18(28.13) 7.33 < 0.01 想要了解哪种情况不能接种 51(79.69) 58(90.63) 3.02 >0.05 -
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