Abstract: Objective:To investigate the current situation of medical student's law education and legal awareness under the background of the current doctor-patient relationship,analyze its influencing factors,and put forward the reasonable suggestion.Methods:The cluster sampling and stratified sampling were employed,420 medical students from Anhui Medical University,Wannan Medical College,Bengbu Medical college and Anhui University of Chinese Medicine were investigated using the self-designed questionnaire.Results:A total of 420 questionnaires were issued,and 406 valid questionnaires were regained,and the effective regaining rate was 96.67%.The investigation results showed that the mastering legal basic knowledge in medical students was insufficient,the right rate of "knowing our country's legislature" was 39.55%(159/402),and the students concerning with legislation and other legal hot issues accounted for 50.49%(205/406).The main ways to learn the basic knowledge of laws and regulations in medical students were "TV,radio,newspapers,network and other media"(67.73%) and "ideological morality and legal foundation public courses"(71.43%).The administrative law was the legal knowledge that students were the most eager to understand(55.91%).The understanding degrees on the "doctor's bribery penalty","identification of medical incident" and "medical accident resolution" in clinical medicine students were significantly higher than that in non-clinical medical students(P<0.01),and the understanding degree on the "doctor's bribery penalty","identification of medical incident" and "medical accident resolution" in senior medical students were significantly higher than that in lower-grade medical students(P<0.01).There was no statistical significance in the score of understanding degree of different majors and grades medical students on "practicing physician qualification laws and regulations"(P>0.05).For law education work,59.11% medical students thought that school management did not attach importance to it.More than half of students thought that they learned little legal knowledge from course,which did not meet the need of handling the doctor-patient conflict,and 85.72% medical students thought that learning some law knowledge was vitally important during undergraduate study. Conclusions:Under the background of the current doctor-patient relationship,the law education in medical student is becoming more and more important.It requires the coordination of various aspects to improve the legal consciousness of medical students.