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肝脏手术特别是肝移植手术中常出现肝缺血/再灌注(I/R)的操作过程,这可导致肺脏等多器官的损伤,严重者出现功能衰竭。肝脏手术I/R所致急性肺损伤的发病机制目前尚不清楚。山莨菪碱为M胆碱受体拮抗剂,研究[1]证实其对多个器官I/R损伤具有良好的保护作用。本研究制作70%肝脏I/R损伤模型,以山莨菪碱进行预处理,旨在探讨山莨菪碱预处理对大鼠肝I/R诱发肺损伤的影响,为临床防治研究提供理论支持。
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S组双肺组织表面光滑,呈淡粉红色,打开胸腔后很快萎缩;IR组肺脏体积增大颜色变深,组织包膜下可见点状、片状出血灶,肺泡腔有渗出液;A组肺组织轻度增大,肺组织可见点状、片状出血灶,但较IR组轻。
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S组肺组织结构完整,未见明显的异常,肺泡腔完整,由单层肺泡上皮细胞组成;IR组肺组织血管充血,肺泡腔破裂且大小不一,可见红色渗出液,肺间质增厚水肿,有大量炎性细胞浸润;A组肺组织可见充血水肿,肺间质增厚有炎性细胞浸润,但较IR组轻(见图 1)。
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光镜下,IR组、A组大鼠肺组织肺泡上皮细胞、肺间质炎性细胞及血管内皮细胞等细胞内HO-1的表达呈阳性(呈棕黄色),A组表达最强,S组表达最弱(呈弱阳性)。与S组比较,IR组和A组肺组织HO-1蛋白表达均明显增加(P < 0.01);与IR组比较,A组肺组织HO-1蛋白表达明显增加(P < 0.01)(见表 1、图 2)。
分组 n HO-1 iNOS S组 16 0.036±0.008 0.021±0.007 IR组 16 0.165±0.013** 0.136±0.012** A组 16 0.202±0.016**△△ 0.078±0.014**△△ F — 745.46 407.98 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 0.000 2 0.000 1 q检验:与S组比较**P < 0.01;与IR组比较△△P < 0.01 表 1 3组大鼠肺组织HO-1和iNOS蛋白表达的比较(x ±s)
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光镜下,IR组和A组大鼠肺组织中肺泡间质的血管平滑肌细胞、单核-巨噬细胞、支气管上皮细胞、血管内皮细胞等胞内iNOS的表达呈阳性(呈棕黄色),IR组表达最强,S组表达最弱(呈弱阳性)。与S组比较,IR组和A组肺组织iNOS蛋白表达均明显增加(P < 0.01);与IR组比较,A组肺组织iNOS蛋白表达明显降低(P < 0.01)(见表 1、图 3)。
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与S组比较,IR组和A组肺组织W/D比值、MDA含量、MPO活性均明显增高(P < 0.01),SOD活性均明显降低(P < 0.01);与IR组相比较,A组肺组织W/D比值、MDA含量、MPO活性均明显降低(P < 0.01),SOD活性明显增高(P < 0.01)(见表 2)。
分组 n W/D比值 MDA/(nmol/mg) MPO/(U/g) SOD/(U/mg) S组 16 2.99±0.32 1.22±0.25 1.36±0.80 94.52±8.11 IR组 16 6.16±0.82** 2.96±0.44** 5.12±1.28** 68.45±9.82** A组 16 4.42±0.78**△△ 2.06±0.35**△△ 3.18±1.12**△△ 81.33±9.22**△△ F — 87.46 96 48.04 32.99 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 0.461 0.126 1.178 82.404 q检验:与S组比较**P < 0.01;与IR组比较△△P < 0.01 表 2 3组肺组织W/D比值、MDA含量、MPO和SOD活性的比较(x ±s)
山莨菪碱预处理对大鼠肝缺血再灌注诱发肺损伤的影响
Effect of anisodamine pretreatment on the lung injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats
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摘要:
目的探讨山莨菪碱预处理对大鼠肝缺血再灌注诱发肺损伤的影响。 方法48只SD健康雄性大鼠,采用随机数字表法,分为假手术组(S组)、肝缺血再灌注组(IR组)和山莨菪碱预处理组(A组),各16只。S组只做解剖肝门,IR组和A组制备70%大部分肝缺血再灌注损伤模型。A组于阻断肝血流前30 min,静脉注射山莨菪碱2 mg/kg,S组和IR组静脉注射等剂量的0.9%氯化钠溶液。大鼠于再灌注后3 h处死,取肺脏组织,HE染色,光镜下观察病理学结果。计算肺湿/干重(W/D)比值。采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA),黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),氧化氢还原法测定髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的表达;采用免疫组织化学法测定肺组织血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)蛋白的表达。 结果肺组织HE染色病理改变,IR组和A组肺损伤较S组重,A组肺损伤较IR组轻;与S组比较,IR组和A组肺组织W/D比值、MDA含量、MPO活性、HO-1和iNOS蛋白表达均明显增高(P < 0.01),SOD活性明显降低(P < 0.01);与IR组比较,A组肺组织W/D比值、MDA含量、MPO活性、iNOS蛋白表达均明显降低(P < 0.01),肺组织HO-1蛋白表达和SOD活性均明显升高(P < 0.01)。 结论山莨菪碱预处理可减轻大鼠肝缺血再灌注诱发的肺损伤。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of anisodamine pretreatment on the lung injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group(group S), hepatic ischemia-reperfusion group(group IR) and anisodamine group(group A) using a random number table(16 rats each group).The hepatic portal in group S was dissected, and the ischemia-reperfusion model of 70% liver in group IR and group A were established.The group A was injected with 2 mg/kg anisodamine before 30 min of blocking liver blood flow and the group S and group IR were injected with the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.The rats were sacrificed after 3 h of reperfusion, the lung tissue was harvested, stained using HE, and the result of which was observed under light microscope.The ratio of wet to dry(W/D) of lung weight was calculated.The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and myeloperoxidase(MPO) in lung tissue were detected using thiobaituricacid, xanthinoxidase and Hydrogen oxide reduction method, respectively.The expression levels of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in lung tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The Results of HE staining in lung tissue showed that the lung injury in IR and A groups were more serious than that in group S, and the lung injury in group A was lighter than that in group IR.Compared with the group S, the ratio of W/D, MDA content, MPO activity and HO-1 and iNOS protein expression level significantly increased(P < 0.01), and the SOD activity significantly decreased in IR and A groups(P < 0.01).Compared with the group IR, the ratio of W/D, MDA content, MPO activity and iNOS protein expression level significantly decreased(P < 0.01), and the HO-1 protein level and SOD activity in lung tissue significantly increased in group A(P < 0.01). Conclusions Anisodamine pretreatment can alleviate the lung injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats. -
Key words:
- hepatic ischemia-reperfusion /
- anisodamine /
- pretreatment /
- lung injury
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表 1 3组大鼠肺组织HO-1和iNOS蛋白表达的比较(x ±s)
分组 n HO-1 iNOS S组 16 0.036±0.008 0.021±0.007 IR组 16 0.165±0.013** 0.136±0.012** A组 16 0.202±0.016**△△ 0.078±0.014**△△ F — 745.46 407.98 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 0.000 2 0.000 1 q检验:与S组比较**P < 0.01;与IR组比较△△P < 0.01 表 2 3组肺组织W/D比值、MDA含量、MPO和SOD活性的比较(x ±s)
分组 n W/D比值 MDA/(nmol/mg) MPO/(U/g) SOD/(U/mg) S组 16 2.99±0.32 1.22±0.25 1.36±0.80 94.52±8.11 IR组 16 6.16±0.82** 2.96±0.44** 5.12±1.28** 68.45±9.82** A组 16 4.42±0.78**△△ 2.06±0.35**△△ 3.18±1.12**△△ 81.33±9.22**△△ F — 87.46 96 48.04 32.99 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 0.461 0.126 1.178 82.404 q检验:与S组比较**P < 0.01;与IR组比较△△P < 0.01 -
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