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心血管疾病是全球过早死亡的主要原因[1],随着生活方式的改变,中国心血管疾病发病率不断升高,心血管疾病2015年以42%的构成比位居我国居民死亡原因之首[2]。而急性冠脉综合征(ACS)是严重威胁病人生命的恶性心血管事件,每年影响数百万人,是全世界致死、致残的主要原因。
血脂异常、高血压、糖尿病以及肥胖等传统的冠心病危险因素相继被发现和控制,特别是阿司匹林和氯吡格雷的双重抗血小板治疗可以极大地降低心血管事件的发生率[1, 3]。但冠心病的患病率以及死亡率仍在持续升高[2],更加有效地控制已知的危险因素和发现新的危险因素势在必行。随着人类基因组的测序完成,越来越多的基因被发现与人类生命活动密切相关[4]。研究[5]表明,CYP2C19基因多态性导致部分病人积极抗血小板治疗后仍有不良心血管事件发生,但亦有研究[6]表明黄种人CYP2C19基因变异对心血管疾病临床结局并无影响。鉴于非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)与ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(STE-ACS)发病机制和冠脉解剖特点并不完全相同,其危险程度及临床结局也存在差异,对其发生、发展的预测显得尤为重要,而目前CYP2C19多态性与两种类型ACS之间的关系尚不明确。本研究选取我院临床确诊的ACS病人203例,收集其CYP2C19基因、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、年龄、性别等资料,旨在探讨CYP2C19基因多态性与两种ACS的关系。现作报道。
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2组病人在性别、年龄、糖尿病、脑梗死、吸烟、三酰甘油、胆固醇、肌酐和抗血小板聚集药物应用等基线资料上差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。
指标 NSTE-ACS
(n=135)STE-ACS
(n=68)χ2 P 男 90(66.67) 54(79.41) 3.56 >0.05 年龄/岁 63.50±9.60 61.56±13.51 1.06Δ >0.05 糖尿病 350(25.93) 17(25.00) 0.89 >0.05 脑梗死 9(6.67) 7(10.29) 0.37 >0.05 吸烟 18(13.33) 9(13.24) 0.98 >0.05 房颤 2(1.48) 3(4.41) 0.20 >0.05 支架内狭窄/血栓 7(5.19) 1(1.47) 0.20 >0.05 血管病变支数 2.19±0.82 2.22±0.95 0.00 >0.05 Gensini评分/分 35.35±31.55 44.14±28.40 1.91 >0.05 支架个数 1.78±8.30 1.14±0.86 0.69 >0.05 尿酸/(μmol/L) 307.21±97.33 306.30±108.30 0.23 >0.05 肌酐/(μmol/L) 77.04±19.05 74.33±23.04 0.79 >0.05 三酰甘油/(mmol/L) 4.38±27.02 2.01±2.29 0.15 >0.05 胆固醇/(mmol/L) 4.08±1.01 4.20±1.23 0.63 >0.05 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol/L) 2.38±0.83 2.45±0.86 0.00 >0.05 胱抑素C /(mg/L) 0.95±0.67 0.96±0.45 0.00 >0.05 使用血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/
血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂例数135(100.00) 68(100.00) — — 使用阿司匹林例数 132(97.78) 68(100.00) 0.39* — 使用P2Y12受体拮抗剂例数 133(98.52) 66(97.06) 0.03* >0.05 使用抗凝剂例数 135(100.00) 68(100.00) — — 使用美托洛尔例数 100(74.07) 57(83.82) 2.45 >0.05 使用他汀类例数 135(100.00) 68(100.00) — — 使用硝酸酯类例数 135(100.00) 68(100.00) — — Δ示t值;*示校正χ2值 表 1 基线资料比较[n; 百分率(%)]
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对2组病人进行CYP2C19基因多态性检测,分别为快代谢性型(*1/*1)、中代谢型(*1/*2, *1/*3, )、慢代谢型(*2/*3, *2/*2, *3/*3)。NSTE-ACS组和STE-ACS组中快代谢型、中代谢型及慢代谢型例数分别为52例(38.5%)、64例(47.4%)、19例(14.1%)和29例(42.6%)、26例(38.2%)、13例(19.1%),2种类型冠心病CYP2C19基因多态性类型差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.78,P>0.05)。符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律。
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NSTE-ACS组病人高血压患病率、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平明显高于STE-ACS组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),血糖、HCY和CRP水平明显低于STE-ACS组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 2)。
分组 n 高血压 CYP2C19突变 HCY/(μmol/L) 血糖/(mmol/L) CRP/(mg/L) HDL-C/(mmol/L) NSTE-ACS组 135 95(70.4) 83(61.5) 16.88±7.69 5.77±2.07 5.83±17.57 1.20±0.68 STE-ACS组 68 29(42.6) 39(57.4) 20.39±11.71 7.55±3.52 21.13±31.20 1.02±0.36 t — 14.62Δ 0.32Δ 2.24 3.82 3.77 2.18 P — < 0.01 >0.05 < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 Δ示χ2值 表 2 2组基因及冠心病危险因素比较(x±s)
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以冠心病类型为因变量(0= NSTE-ACS, 1=STE-ACS),以CYP2C19基因多态性(对照=无基因突变)、高血压(对照=无高血压病)、性别(对照=男)等自变量,采用多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示CYP2C19基因多态性、性别与两种类型相关性差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但STE-ACS组有更高的高血压发病率和较高的HCY、空腹血糖、HDL-C、血清CRP水平(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 3)。
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR(95%CI) 高血压 1.395 0.391 12.697 < 0.01 4.034(1.873~8.689) 男性 0.296 0.438 0.457 >0.05 1.345(0.570~3.177) 年龄 -0.003 0.017 0.039 >0.05 0.997(0.964~1.030) CYP2C19突变型 0.214 0.376 0.325 >0.05 1.239(0.593~2.586) HCY 0.047 0.019 6.060 < 0.05 1.048(1.010~1.087) T2DM 1.088 0.592 3.370 >0.05 2.967(0.929~9.475) 吸烟 1.018 0.615 2.738 >0.05 2.767(0.829~9.239) 血糖 0.387 0.101 14.760 < 0.01 1.473(1.209~1.794) LDL 0.106 0.226 0.221 >0.05 1.112(0.714~1.733) HDL-C -2.101 0.661 10.099 < 0.01 0.122(0.034~0.447) CRP 0.028 0.011 7.010 < 0.01 1.029(1.007~1.051) 表 3 冠心病危险因素logistic回归分析
CYP2C19基因多态性与不同类型急性冠脉综合征的关系
The relationship between CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms and different types of acute coronary syndromes
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摘要:
目的探讨肝细胞色素P450氧化酶(CYP450)中CYP2C19基因多态性与两种不同类型急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的关系。 方法选择确诊的ACS病人203例,入院当天完善同步12导联心电图监测,入院第2天检测病人心肌酶学指标。应用PCR及基因测序技术检测所有病人的CYP2C19基因型。所有病人经冠状动脉造影明确冠脉受累情况。 结果ST段抬高型ACS组与非ST段抬高型ACS组病人CYP2C19基因多态性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),2组病人血糖、C反应蛋白(CRP)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平、高血压患病率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析提示,2组ACS病人CYP2C19基因多态性差异无统计学意义(OR=0.71,P>0.05),但血糖、CRP、HCY、HDL-C水平以及高血压患病率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论CYP2C19多态性与不同ACS类型无明显关联,但ST段抬高型ACS病人可能有更高的血糖、HCY、CRP和更低的HDL-C水平。 -
关键词:
- 急性冠脉综合征 /
- CYP2C19基因多态性 /
- 冠状动脉造影术
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 oxidase(CYP450) and two types of acute coronary syndromes(ACS). MethodsThe 12-lead ECG monitoring in 203 cases with ACS on admisssion were examined, and the myocardial enzyme indictors in all cases were examined on the second day after admission.The CYP2C19 genotypes of all patients were detected by PCR and gene sequencing technique.The coronary involvement in all patients were identified using coronary angiography(CAG). ResultsThe difference of the CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms between ST-segment elevation ACS group and non-ST-segment elevation ACS group was not statistically significant(P>0.05), and the differences of the levels of blood glucose, C-reactive protein(CRP) and serum homocysteine, and prevalence rate of hypertension between two groups were statistically significant(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms between two groups(OR=0.71, P>0.05), and the differences of the levels of blood glucose, CRP, HCY and HDL-C and prevalence rate of hypertension between two groups were statistically significant(P < 0.05). ConclusionsThere is no association between CYP2C19 polymorphism and different types of ACS, and the levels of blood glucose, HCY and CRP, and HDL-C level in patients with ST-segment elevation ACS may be higher and lower, respectively. -
Key words:
- acute coronary syndrome /
- CYP2C19 gene polymorphism /
- coronary angiography
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表 1 基线资料比较[n; 百分率(%)]
指标 NSTE-ACS
(n=135)STE-ACS
(n=68)χ2 P 男 90(66.67) 54(79.41) 3.56 >0.05 年龄/岁 63.50±9.60 61.56±13.51 1.06Δ >0.05 糖尿病 350(25.93) 17(25.00) 0.89 >0.05 脑梗死 9(6.67) 7(10.29) 0.37 >0.05 吸烟 18(13.33) 9(13.24) 0.98 >0.05 房颤 2(1.48) 3(4.41) 0.20 >0.05 支架内狭窄/血栓 7(5.19) 1(1.47) 0.20 >0.05 血管病变支数 2.19±0.82 2.22±0.95 0.00 >0.05 Gensini评分/分 35.35±31.55 44.14±28.40 1.91 >0.05 支架个数 1.78±8.30 1.14±0.86 0.69 >0.05 尿酸/(μmol/L) 307.21±97.33 306.30±108.30 0.23 >0.05 肌酐/(μmol/L) 77.04±19.05 74.33±23.04 0.79 >0.05 三酰甘油/(mmol/L) 4.38±27.02 2.01±2.29 0.15 >0.05 胆固醇/(mmol/L) 4.08±1.01 4.20±1.23 0.63 >0.05 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol/L) 2.38±0.83 2.45±0.86 0.00 >0.05 胱抑素C /(mg/L) 0.95±0.67 0.96±0.45 0.00 >0.05 使用血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/
血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂例数135(100.00) 68(100.00) — — 使用阿司匹林例数 132(97.78) 68(100.00) 0.39* — 使用P2Y12受体拮抗剂例数 133(98.52) 66(97.06) 0.03* >0.05 使用抗凝剂例数 135(100.00) 68(100.00) — — 使用美托洛尔例数 100(74.07) 57(83.82) 2.45 >0.05 使用他汀类例数 135(100.00) 68(100.00) — — 使用硝酸酯类例数 135(100.00) 68(100.00) — — Δ示t值;*示校正χ2值 表 2 2组基因及冠心病危险因素比较(x±s)
分组 n 高血压 CYP2C19突变 HCY/(μmol/L) 血糖/(mmol/L) CRP/(mg/L) HDL-C/(mmol/L) NSTE-ACS组 135 95(70.4) 83(61.5) 16.88±7.69 5.77±2.07 5.83±17.57 1.20±0.68 STE-ACS组 68 29(42.6) 39(57.4) 20.39±11.71 7.55±3.52 21.13±31.20 1.02±0.36 t — 14.62Δ 0.32Δ 2.24 3.82 3.77 2.18 P — < 0.01 >0.05 < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 Δ示χ2值 表 3 冠心病危险因素logistic回归分析
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR(95%CI) 高血压 1.395 0.391 12.697 < 0.01 4.034(1.873~8.689) 男性 0.296 0.438 0.457 >0.05 1.345(0.570~3.177) 年龄 -0.003 0.017 0.039 >0.05 0.997(0.964~1.030) CYP2C19突变型 0.214 0.376 0.325 >0.05 1.239(0.593~2.586) HCY 0.047 0.019 6.060 < 0.05 1.048(1.010~1.087) T2DM 1.088 0.592 3.370 >0.05 2.967(0.929~9.475) 吸烟 1.018 0.615 2.738 >0.05 2.767(0.829~9.239) 血糖 0.387 0.101 14.760 < 0.01 1.473(1.209~1.794) LDL 0.106 0.226 0.221 >0.05 1.112(0.714~1.733) HDL-C -2.101 0.661 10.099 < 0.01 0.122(0.034~0.447) CRP 0.028 0.011 7.010 < 0.01 1.029(1.007~1.051) -
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