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近年来国内早产儿出生率居高不下。导致孕妇早产的因素诸多,妊娠期多种并发症、营养缺乏、急性感染等均是早产的重要原因,而妊娠期精神过度紧张、子宫及胎盘等附属结构病变也是早产的常见危险因素[1]。早产儿各器官常存在发育不完善,尤其是出生后极易发生呼吸暂停和/或呼吸窘迫综合征,不能维持自主呼吸,严重者导致死亡。文献[2]报道,呼吸窘迫综合征是造成早产儿出生后存活率较差的常见原因之一,且多见于胎龄小于35周的早产儿。合并呼吸窘迫综合征早产儿通常需要进行气管插管上机,若病情好转则拔除气管插管,撤机后采取头罩吸氧、鼻导管吸氧等[3]。而一些早产儿由于呼吸道发生梗阻甚至呼吸衰竭等原因,必须重新插管上机。而临床上应尽量减少有创机械通气,这是避免早产儿发生肺部感染、支气管肺发育异常等风险的关键。我们探讨早期行经鼻同步间歇正压通气(SNIPPV)与头罩吸氧对早产儿机械通气后过渡性撤机成功率的影响。现作报道。
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撤机后12、24 h,观察组早产儿PaO2均高于对照组(P < 0.05和P < 0.01),PaCO2均低于对照组(P < 0.05);撤机后48 h,2组PaO2和PaCO2水平差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 12 h 24 h 48 h F P MS组内 PaO2 观察组 85.6±3.7 85.2±4.7 85.5±2.2 0.06 > 0.05 13.543 对照组 82.3±4.2 81.4±3.9 84.7±2.1*# 4.69 < 0.05 12.425 t 2.64 2.78 1.18 — — — P < 0.05 < 0.01 > 0.05 — — — PaCO2 观察组 36.8±3.9 37.1±4.5 39.2±2.9 2.34 > 0.05 14.623 对照组 39.6±3.4 40.3±4.1 39.7±2.4 0.25 > 0.05 11.377 t 2.42 2.35 0.59 — — — P < 0.05 < 0.05 > 0.05 — — — q检验:与12 h比较*P < 0.05;与24 h比较#P < 0.05 表 1 2组早产儿撤机后不同时点的PaO2和PaCO2比较(ni=20;x±s; mmHg)
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观察组早产儿氧疗时长与住院时间均明显短于对照组(P < 0.01)。观察组撤机成功率为85.0%,高于对照组的55.0%(P < 0.05);呼吸暂停发生率为20.0%,低于对照组的50.0%(P < 0.05)。2组支气管肺发育异常和坏死性小肠炎发生率差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)(见表 3)。
分组 氧疗时长/d 住院时间/d 撤机成功 呼吸暂停 支气管肺发育异常 坏死性小肠炎 观察组 4.8±2.6 13.7±2.3 17(85.0) 4(20.0) 1(5.0) 2(10.0) 对照组 8.4±3.7 25.3±4.2 11(55.0) 10(50.0) 5(25.0) 3(15.0) t 3.56 10.83 4.29▲ 3.96Δ 1.76Δ 0.00▲ P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 Δ示χ2值;▲示校正χ2值 表 3 2组早产儿相关指标比较(ni=20;x±s)
经鼻同步间歇正压通气与头罩吸氧对早产儿机械通气后过渡性撤机的影响
Comparative study of the effect of NIPPV and oxygen hood on the transition tripper in preterm infants after mechanical ventilation
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摘要:
目的研究经鼻同步间歇正压通气(SNIPPV)与头罩吸氧对早产儿机械通气后过渡性撤机的影响。 方法将呼吸窘迫综合征早产儿40例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各20例。观察组给予SNIPPV,对照组给予头罩吸氧,比较2组撤机后不同时间动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)和氧分压(PaO2)水平,并比较2组氧疗时长、住院时间、呼吸暂停发生率、撤机成功率和并发症情况。 结果撤机后12、24 h,观察组早产儿PaO2水平均高于对照组(P < 0.05和P < 0.01),PaCO2水平均低于对照组(P < 0.05);撤机后48 h,2组PaO2和PaCO2水平差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。观察组氧疗时长与住院时间均明显短于对照组(P < 0.01)。观察组撤机成功率为85.0%,高于对照组的55.0%(P < 0.05);呼吸暂停发生率为20.0%,低于对照组的50.0%(P < 0.05)。2组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论早产儿机械通气后过渡性撤机中应用SNIPPV可降低呼吸暂停发生率,有效缩短住院与氧疗时间,改善氧合状态,提高撤机成功率。 -
关键词:
- 早产儿 /
- 呼吸窘迫综合征 /
- 经鼻同步间歇正压通气 /
- 头罩吸氧 /
- 过渡性撤机
Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the effects between nasal synchronized intermittent positive pressure ventilation(SNIPPV) and oxygen hood on the transition tripper in preterm infants after mechanical ventilation. MethodsForty preterm infants with pediatric respiratory distress syndrome were randomly divided into the observation group and control group(20 cases each group).The observation group and control group were treated with SNIPPV and oxygen hood, respectively.The levels of PaCO2 and PaO2 between two groups at different time-points after weaning were compared.The oxygen therapy time, hospitalization time, incidence of apnea, success rate of weaning, and incidence rate of complications between two groups were compared. ResultsThe levels of PaO2 in observation group after 12 and 24 h after weaning were higher than that in control group(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), and the levels of PaCO2 in observation group were lower than that in control group(P < 0.05).The differences of the levels of PaO2 and PaCO2 between two groups after 48 h of weaning were not statistically significant(P > 0.05).The oxygen therapy time and hospitalization time in observation group were significantly shorter than those in control group(P < 0.01).The success rate of weaning in observation group(85.0%) was higher than that in control group(P < 0.05).The incidence rate of apnea in observation group(20.0%) was lower than that in control group(50.0%)(P < 0.05).The differences of the incidence rate of complications between two groups was not statistically significant(P > 0.05). ConclusionsThe application of SNIPPV in transition tripper in preterm infants after mechanical ventilation can decrease the incidence rate of apnea, effectively shorten the oxygen therapy time and hospitalization time, and improve the oxygenation and success rate of weaning. -
表 1 2组早产儿撤机后不同时点的PaO2和PaCO2比较(ni=20;x±s; mmHg)
分组 12 h 24 h 48 h F P MS组内 PaO2 观察组 85.6±3.7 85.2±4.7 85.5±2.2 0.06 > 0.05 13.543 对照组 82.3±4.2 81.4±3.9 84.7±2.1*# 4.69 < 0.05 12.425 t 2.64 2.78 1.18 — — — P < 0.05 < 0.01 > 0.05 — — — PaCO2 观察组 36.8±3.9 37.1±4.5 39.2±2.9 2.34 > 0.05 14.623 对照组 39.6±3.4 40.3±4.1 39.7±2.4 0.25 > 0.05 11.377 t 2.42 2.35 0.59 — — — P < 0.05 < 0.05 > 0.05 — — — q检验:与12 h比较*P < 0.05;与24 h比较#P < 0.05 表 3 2组早产儿相关指标比较(ni=20;x±s)
分组 氧疗时长/d 住院时间/d 撤机成功 呼吸暂停 支气管肺发育异常 坏死性小肠炎 观察组 4.8±2.6 13.7±2.3 17(85.0) 4(20.0) 1(5.0) 2(10.0) 对照组 8.4±3.7 25.3±4.2 11(55.0) 10(50.0) 5(25.0) 3(15.0) t 3.56 10.83 4.29▲ 3.96Δ 1.76Δ 0.00▲ P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 Δ示χ2值;▲示校正χ2值 -
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