-
白血病是一种血液系统的恶性肿瘤,包括急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(chronic lymphoblastic leukemia,CLL)、急性髓细胞白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)和慢性髓细胞白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)[1]。随着治疗方案的不断更新以及支持治疗的应用,白血病病人的5年生存率显著提高[2]。白血病病人在治疗过程中常常需要静脉注射大剂量刺激性化疗药物,药物外渗、反复穿刺以及静脉炎等给病人带来诸多痛苦,严重影响了化疗的效果[3-5],经外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)改善了上述情况,给临床护理带来诸多便利,但是长期置管的并发症如穿刺点出血、导管相关性感染、导管堵塞、非感染性静脉炎不仅加重病人的痛苦以及经济负担,反而给护理工作带来不便,甚至会引起医患纠纷[6]。白血病病人PICC置管相关性感染(catheter-related infection,CRI)高于其他疾病,尤其是在急性白血病病人中[7]。目前,在急性白血病病人中对CRI的研究并不多。因此,本研究对行PICC的急性白血病病人CRI的危险因素进行了相关性分析,以期为临床护理工作提供可行性策略。
-
132例急性白血病病人中共发生CRI 21例,总感染率为15.91%,CRI发生情况与急性白血病分型、性别、年龄无相关性(P>0.05);置管时间长、穿刺次数多、化疗药物的应用、激素用药史、免疫功能低下以及夏季感染率分别高于置管时间短、穿刺次数少、未应用化疗药物、无激素用药史、免疫功能正常者以及春、秋、冬季感染率(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
观察项目 n 感染病例数 感染率/% χ2 P 疾病类型 ALL 80 11 13.75 0.71 >0.05 AML 52 10 23.80 性别 男 84 13 15.50 0.03 >0.05 女 48 8 16.67 年龄/岁 ≥50 70 12 17.14 0.17 >0.05 < 50 62 9 14.52 置管时间/月 ≥2 92 19 20.65 5.11 < 0.05 < 2 40 2 5.00 穿刺次数 1 102 12 11.76 5.76 < 0.05 ≥1 30 9 30.00 化疗药物的应用 是 98 20 20.41 3.84 < 0.05 否 34 2 5.88 激素用药史 是 96 19 19.79 3.97 < 0.05 否 36 2 5.56 免疫功能 正常 28 1 3.57 4.11 < 0.05 低下 104 20 19.42 季节 春 28 4 14.29 24.72 < 0.01 夏 25 1 48.00 秋 47 3 6.38 冬 32 2 6.25 表 1 急性白血病病人CRI发生影响因素的相关分析[n; 百分率(%)]
-
21例发生CRI病人中, 有2例病人未行分泌物培养检查。其余19例病人的分泌物培养结果显示52.63%的病人感染了葡萄球菌(见表 2)。
感染菌种 感染例数 感染率/% 葡萄球菌 10 52.63 克雷伯杆菌 4 21.05 棒状杆菌 4 21.05 其他菌种 1 5.26 表 2 CRI病人分泌物培养结果分析
急性白血病病人经外周静脉中心静脉置管相关性感染的危险因素分析
Analysis of the risk factors of CRI in acute leukemia patients treated with PICC
-
摘要:
目的通过分析急性白血病病人经外周静脉中心静脉置管(PICC)发生置管相关感染(CRI)的危险因素,以期为临床护理工作提供可行性策略。 方法收集成功进行PICC的132例急性白血病病人的临床资料,统计并分析病人的一般临床资料、置管时间、穿刺次数、是否应用化疗药物、是否使用激素、免疫功能是否低下、CRI发生的季节与CRI发生的相关性,并对CRI病人置管分泌物培养的结果进行分析。 结果132例病人中共发生CRI 21例,总感染率为15.91%;CRI发生与急性白血病分型、性别、年龄无相关性(P>0.05);置管时间长、穿刺次数多、化疗药物的应用、激素用药史、免疫功能低下以及夏季感染率分别高于置管时间短、穿刺次数少、未应用化疗药物、无激素用药史、免疫功能正常者以及春、秋、冬季感染率(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);发生CRI的病人中有2例未行分泌物培养检查,其余19例病人的分泌物培养结果显示葡萄球菌、克雷伯杆菌、棒状杆菌以及其他菌群的感染构成比分别为52.6%、21.1%、21.1%、5.2%。 结论通过尽量缩短置管时间、减少穿刺次数、增强免疫治疗、严格控制激素应用指征以及选择以覆盖球菌为主的抗生素进行预防性治疗可能避免或者控制急性白血病病人PICC置管感染的发生。 -
关键词:
- 经外周静脉中心静脉置管 /
- 感染 /
- 白血病
Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors of catheter-related infection (CRI) in acute leukemia patients treated with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) to provide the reasonable strategies for clinical nursing care. MethodsThe clinical data of 132 acute leukemia patients treated with PICC were successfully collected.The general clinical data, length of catheterization, number of puncture, application of chemotherapy drugs, use of hormone and immune function in all patients were analyzed.The correlation of CRI occurrence with season, and secretion culture results of CRI patients were analyzed. ResultsAmong 132 patients, 21 cases with CRI were found, and the infection rate of which was 15.91%.The CRI occurrence was not related to the classification of acute leukemia, gender and age (P>0.05).The infection rates in patients with long time of catheter indwelling, more punctural times, chemotherapy drug use, history of use hormone and low immune function, and at summer were higher than that in patients with short time of catheter indwelling, few punctural time, no use of chemotherapy drug, no hormone history and normal immune function, and at spring, autumn and winter (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).Among 21 CRI patients, the secretion in 2 cases were not examined.The secretion culture results of the rest 19 patients showed that the proportions of Glucose aureus, Klebsiella bacillus, corynebacterium and other bacteria infection were 52.6%, 21.1%, 21.1% and 5.2%, respectively. ConclusionsShortening the PICC catheter indwelling time, reducing the punctural time, strengthening the immune treatment, controlling the use of hormone and choosing the antibiotics based on main coccus infection for preventive treatment can avoid and control the CRI in acute leukemia patients treated with PICC. -
Key words:
- peripherally inserted central catheter /
- infection /
- leukemia
-
表 1 急性白血病病人CRI发生影响因素的相关分析[n; 百分率(%)]
观察项目 n 感染病例数 感染率/% χ2 P 疾病类型 ALL 80 11 13.75 0.71 >0.05 AML 52 10 23.80 性别 男 84 13 15.50 0.03 >0.05 女 48 8 16.67 年龄/岁 ≥50 70 12 17.14 0.17 >0.05 < 50 62 9 14.52 置管时间/月 ≥2 92 19 20.65 5.11 < 0.05 < 2 40 2 5.00 穿刺次数 1 102 12 11.76 5.76 < 0.05 ≥1 30 9 30.00 化疗药物的应用 是 98 20 20.41 3.84 < 0.05 否 34 2 5.88 激素用药史 是 96 19 19.79 3.97 < 0.05 否 36 2 5.56 免疫功能 正常 28 1 3.57 4.11 < 0.05 低下 104 20 19.42 季节 春 28 4 14.29 24.72 < 0.01 夏 25 1 48.00 秋 47 3 6.38 冬 32 2 6.25 表 2 CRI病人分泌物培养结果分析
感染菌种 感染例数 感染率/% 葡萄球菌 10 52.63 克雷伯杆菌 4 21.05 棒状杆菌 4 21.05 其他菌种 1 5.26 -
[1] PORTER DL, HWANG WT, FREY NV, et al.Chimeric antigen receptor T cells persist and induce sustained remissions in relapsed re-fractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia[J].Sci Transl Med, 2015, 7(303):ra139. [2] SHIMONI A, LABOPIN M, SAVANI B, et al.Long-term survival and late events after allogeneic stem cell transplantation from HLA-matched siblings for acute myeloid leukemia with myeloablative compared to reduced intensity conditioning:a report on behalf of the acute leukemia working party of European group for blood and marrow transplantation[J].J Hematol Oncol, 2016, 9:118. doi: 10.1186/s13045-016-0347-1 [3] FUNAKOSHI T, LATIF A, GALSKY MD.Risk of hematologic toxicities in patients with solid tumors treated with everolimus:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2013, 88(1):30. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.06.001 [4] HERSHMAN DL, LACCHETTI C, DWORKIN RH, et al.Prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in survivors of adult cancers:American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline[J].J Clin Oncol, 2014, 32:1941. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.54.0914 [5] SETO WK, CHAN TS, HWANG YY, et al.Hepatitis B reactivation in patients with previous hepatitis B virus exposure undergoing rituximab-containing chemotherapy for lymphoma:a prospective study[J].J Clin Oncol, 2014, 32(33):3736. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.56.7081 [6] CHOPRA V, RATZ D, KUHN L, et al.Peripherally inserted central catheter-related deep vein thrombosis:contemporary patterns and predictors[J].J Thromb Haemost, 2014, 12(6):847. doi: 10.1111/jth.2014.12.issue-6 [7] ZHOU J, LI M, TANG Z.Peripherally inserted central catheter:how safe is it for acute myeloid leukemia patients?[J].Med Princ Pract, 2014, 23(6):586. doi: 10.1159/000366080 [8] CASNER M, HOESLI SJ, SLAUGHTER JC, et al.Incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections in neonates following removal of peripherally inserted central venous catheters[J].Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2014, 15:428. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000000124 [9] ZHOU L, WANG M, LI A.Analysis of risk factors of peripherally inserted central catheter induced catheter-related infection in patients with leukemia[J].Iran J Public Health, 2017, 46(4):485. [10] MORANO SG, LATAGLIATA R, GIRMENIA C, et al.Catheter-associated bloodstream infections and thrombotic risk in hematologic patients with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC)[J].Support Care Cancer, 2015, 23(11):3289. doi: 10.1007/s00520-015-2740-7 [11] LI J, FAN YY, XIN MZ, et al.A randomised, controlled trial comparing the long-term effects of peripherally inserted central catheter placement in chemotherapy patients using Bmode ultrasound with modified Seldinger technique versus blind puncture[J].Eur J Oncol Nurs, 2014, 18(1):94. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2013.08.003 [12] KIM-SAECHAO SJ, ALMARIO E, RUBIN ZA.A novel infection prevention approach:Leveraging a mandatory electronic communication tool to decrease peripherally inserted central catheter infections, complications, and cost[J].Am J Infect Control, 2016, 44(11):1335. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03.023 [13] 阮奶铃, 李玉娟.PICC置管后引起导管相关性感染相关因素调查分析[J].现代诊断与治疗, 2015, 26(19):4351.