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脑卒中是一组以脑缺血及出血性损伤症状为主要临床表现的疾病。在我国,因脑卒中导致的致残率位居所有疾病首位,致死率位居所有疾病第二位,急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)约占其中的80%[1-2]。在2015年之前,静脉溶栓被认为是AIS病人早期血管再通治疗的最有效方法[3-4]。之后的报道认为,在大血管闭塞型急性缺血性脑卒中病人中,以支架取栓为主的血管内治疗可带来明确获益[5-8],对于以机械取栓为代表的血管内治疗第一次给予此类推荐,对于AIS的血管内治疗,在指南中明确提出了诊断及治疗标准。机械取栓手术病人的血管再通率非常高,影像学上甚至可达到90%以上,但是病人与影像学相一致的获益率只有30%~70%,无效再通率为54%[9-11]。手术后“无效再通”比例仍然高达50%。过高的“无效再通”比例使相当多病人在花费了高额的手术费后仍然不能有效地改善生活质量,甚至需要再次行去骨瓣减压手术,部分病人最终死亡,为医疗保险及医疗安全留下隐患。本文就“无效再通”影响因素作一探讨。
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2组OTR、PTR、ASPECT评分、拉栓次数差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),缩短OTR可以显著减少无效再通的发生率,ASPECT≤7分的病人支架取栓后,无效再通率显著高于>7分的病人,拉栓次数对于无效再通率有显著影响,拉栓≥5次的无效再通率显著高于拉栓<5次(见表 1)。OTR、PTR与取栓次数有明显的相关性,且随着次数的增加而增加。除OTR与取栓2次时差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)外,余差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),当次数为5时,只出现无效再通(见表 2)。
影响因素 n(56例) 有效再通
(n=31)无效再通
(n=25)χ2 P 年龄/岁 — 64.8±10.1 66.4±9.2 0.61△ >0.05 男性 39 21 18 0.12 >0.05 高血压 43 23 20 0.26 >0.05 糖尿病 29 16 13 0.001 >0.05 既往脑卒中 8 4 4 0.12 >0.05 房颤 9 5 4 0.001 >0.05 高血脂 7 3 4 0.09 >0.05 吸烟 30 17 13 0.05 >0.05 饮酒 28 15 13 0.07 >0.05 梗死部位 颈内动脉 10 6 4 M1 26 16 10 0.21 >0.05 M2近端 20 11 9 发病前mRS评分 0~1分 52 30 22 0.56 >0.05 术前NIHSS评分 37 20 17 0.08 >0.05 侧支循环 0~1级 15 5 10 2级 25 13 12 2.71 >0.05 3~4级 16 10 6 ASPECT评分 ≤7分 13 3 10 17.36 < 0.01 >7分 43 36 7 OTR/min — 415.13±27.94 451.80±45.43 3.53△ <0.01 PTR/min — 60.77±15.57 78.28±20.56 3.63△ <0.01 成功再通拉栓次数 1次 21 14 7 2.10 <0.05 2次 16 10 6 3次 10 5 5 4次 5 2 3 ≥5次 4 0 4 △示t值 表 1 2组病人相关影响因素比较(n)
分组 1次 2次 3次 4次 5次 OTR/min 无效再通 403.79±21.95 410.30±29.06 438.40±11.72 460.50±12.02 0 有效再通 399.14±16.91 451.60±27.60 440.75±32.09 489.50±16.11 504.40±19.23 t 0.49 2.64 0.15 2.20 — P >0.05 < 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 — PTR/min 无效再通 57.43±16.95 58.40±10.57 67.20±16.80 80.00±15.56 0 有效再通 64.43±14.22 68.20±19.77 70.50±19.33 100.00±10.80 96.60±7.77 t 0.94 1.27 0.27 1.90 — P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 — 表 2 OTR和PTR与取栓次数之间比较(x±s)
急性前循环大血管闭塞支架取栓“无效再通”相关因素分析
Analysis of the related factors of "invalid recanalization" of stent thrombectomy in acute anterior great vessel occlusion
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摘要:
目的探讨急性前循环大血管闭塞应用支架取栓后,出现"无效再通"的相关因素。 方法选取急性前循环大血管闭塞经支架取栓后责任血管成功再通的病人56例,分为"有效再通"及"无效再通"2组,分析2组病人的相关影响因素。 结果2组发病到血管再通时间(OTR)、穿刺到血管再通时间、ASPECT评分、拉栓次数差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),缩短OTR可以显著减少无效再通的发生率,ASPECT ≤ 7分的病人支架取栓后,无效再通率显著高于>7分的病人,拉栓次数对于无效再通率有显著影响,拉栓≥ 5次的无效再通率显著高于拉栓 < 5次;不同的取栓次数OTR和穿刺到血管再通时间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。 结论缩短院前及院内对于缺血性脑血管病的救治流程,开辟绿色通道,熟练取栓技术减少取栓次数,缩短血管再通的时间,可以减少"无效再通"。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the related factors of "ineffective recanalization" after stent thrombectomy in acute anterior great vessel occlusion. MethodsThe responsible vessels in 56 acute anterior great vessel occlusion patients were successfully recanalized after the stent was removed, and the patients were divided into the valid recanalization group and invalid recanalization group.The related factors in two groups were analyzed. ResultsThe differences of the onset to recanalization time(OTR), pnucture to recanalization time(PTR), ASPECT score and number of pulling stent between two groups were statistically significant(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).Shortening OTR could significantly reduce the incidence of ineffective recanalization.After the bolt in the patients with ASPECT ≤ 7 scores were removed, the ineffective rate of which was significantly higher than that in patients with ASPECT >7 scores.The effect of number of pulling stent on the invalid recanalization rate was significant, the invalid recanalization rate in patients with pulling stent ≥ 5 times was significantly higher than that in patients with pulling stent < 5 times.The differences of the number of pulling stent and PTR between two groups were statistically significant(P < 0.01). ConclusionsShortening the treatment process of ischemic cerebrovascular disease before and in hospital, opening up green channel, skillfully taking stent technique to reduce the times of pulling stent and shortening the time of recanalization of blood vessel can reduce the invalid recanalization. -
Key words:
- vascular occlusion /
- invalid recanalization /
- stent thrombectomy /
- anterior circulation
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表 1 2组病人相关影响因素比较(n)
影响因素 n(56例) 有效再通
(n=31)无效再通
(n=25)χ2 P 年龄/岁 — 64.8±10.1 66.4±9.2 0.61△ >0.05 男性 39 21 18 0.12 >0.05 高血压 43 23 20 0.26 >0.05 糖尿病 29 16 13 0.001 >0.05 既往脑卒中 8 4 4 0.12 >0.05 房颤 9 5 4 0.001 >0.05 高血脂 7 3 4 0.09 >0.05 吸烟 30 17 13 0.05 >0.05 饮酒 28 15 13 0.07 >0.05 梗死部位 颈内动脉 10 6 4 M1 26 16 10 0.21 >0.05 M2近端 20 11 9 发病前mRS评分 0~1分 52 30 22 0.56 >0.05 术前NIHSS评分 37 20 17 0.08 >0.05 侧支循环 0~1级 15 5 10 2级 25 13 12 2.71 >0.05 3~4级 16 10 6 ASPECT评分 ≤7分 13 3 10 17.36 < 0.01 >7分 43 36 7 OTR/min — 415.13±27.94 451.80±45.43 3.53△ <0.01 PTR/min — 60.77±15.57 78.28±20.56 3.63△ <0.01 成功再通拉栓次数 1次 21 14 7 2.10 <0.05 2次 16 10 6 3次 10 5 5 4次 5 2 3 ≥5次 4 0 4 △示t值 表 2 OTR和PTR与取栓次数之间比较(x±s)
分组 1次 2次 3次 4次 5次 OTR/min 无效再通 403.79±21.95 410.30±29.06 438.40±11.72 460.50±12.02 0 有效再通 399.14±16.91 451.60±27.60 440.75±32.09 489.50±16.11 504.40±19.23 t 0.49 2.64 0.15 2.20 — P >0.05 < 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 — PTR/min 无效再通 57.43±16.95 58.40±10.57 67.20±16.80 80.00±15.56 0 有效再通 64.43±14.22 68.20±19.77 70.50±19.33 100.00±10.80 96.60±7.77 t 0.94 1.27 0.27 1.90 — P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 — -
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