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近年来,随着人民生活水平的提高,健康体检的普及率大大增加,超声仪器的不断优化,甲状腺结节的检出率每年递增。甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(thyriod imaging reporting and data system,TI-RADS)为区分甲状腺结节良恶性提供了超声诊断依据,但因分级法不易量化控制,故选取其中与甲状腺结节相关性较高的方面对其进行计分,并与血清促甲状腺素(TSH)值联合,以期为提高甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别的准确率提供依据。
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选取我院收治的因甲状腺结节而手术的病人109例,共159个结节,其中男59例,女50例,年龄18~89岁。所有病例术前均接受规范化甲状腺超声检查,并进行甲状腺功能检查,结节性质均经术后病理证实。
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使用Philips ie33、Aloka α5、Philips iu22及迈瑞N6彩色多普勒超声诊断仪高频线阵探头,探头频率8~12 MHz。其中进行颈部131I放射治疗的病人需在治疗结束30 d后再次接受甲状腺超声检查,进行发射型计算机断层扫描仪检查的病人应当于检查结束后7 d,再次接受甲状腺超声检查。病人仰卧位时松弛颈项部并适当抬高,取得良好的颈前区及侧方颈部视野,对各区域进行多切面反复探查,探查范围包括甲状腺及其周边相邻区域,如甲状腺可探及结节,探查内容应包括:结节的数量、大小、形态、边界、内部回声、有无钙化、钙化大小及其分布、后方声影、血流及周围淋巴结等,并对结节边界、纵横比、内部回声、钙化及淋巴结进行计分,以推测结节的性质。血清TSH值在病人入院后于清晨空腹状态时抽取静脉血,3 000 r/min离心10 min,使用Siemens centaurXP全自动化学发光检测仪及配套试剂,化学发光免疫分析法进行检测。
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超声细化计分法:根据TI-RADS及ATA指南对甲状腺结节的超声恶性风险表现[6]进行超声细化计分(见表 1)。病理诊断:对超声检出的甲状腺结节经手术或穿刺获取标本后,均送病理实验室检查分析,以病理石蜡切片经HE染色结果为准,对少数不典型病变结节可通过免疫组织化学法检查明确其性质。
项目 指标 计分/分 形态 规则 0 不规则 1 分叶,毛刺,浸润性 2 边界 清晰,壁光滑,包膜完整 0 模糊,壁欠清晰,无包膜 1 毛糙,甲状腺被膜外侵犯 2 纵横比 <1 0 =1 1 >1 2 回声 均匀无回声 0 等回声或高回声,可偏心 1 实性或囊实性低回声 2 钙化 未见 0 直径≥1 mm 1 直径<1 mm,边缘钙化中断 2 周围淋巴结 大小、结构、回声正常 0 长径≥2 cm,结构正常 1 结构失常,回声减低、不均 2 表 1 超声细化计分法标准
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绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC),评价超声细化计分法、血清TSH值和两者联合区分甲状腺良恶性结节的诊断价值。
基于TI-RADS的超声细化计分法和血清TSH值联合鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性
Value of ultrasonic refined scoring method based on TI-RADS combined with serum TSH level in the differentiation diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules
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摘要:
目的评价基于甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(TI-RADS)的超声细化计分法和血清促甲状腺素(TSH)值联合对甲状腺结节良恶性进行鉴别诊断的意义。 方法选取进行甲状腺结节手术的病人,基于TI-RADS分级系统,根据超声图像中结节边界、纵横比、回声、钙化及颈部淋巴结对甲状腺结节进行细化计分,联合病人入院血清TSH值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC),评价超声细化计分法、血清TSH值和两者联合区分甲状腺良恶性结节的诊断价值。 结果ROC分析显示,超声细化计分法区分甲状腺良恶性结节的敏感度88.6%,特异度83.9%,AUC为0.779(95%CI:0.718~0.839),约登指数最大时,超声细化计计分法最佳临界值为9分,≥ 9分判定结节为恶性, < 9分判定结节为良性;血清TSH值区分甲状腺良恶性结节的敏感度71.1%,特异度50.9%,AUC为0.703(95%CI:0.624~0.782),约登指数最大时取最佳临界值2.31 mIU/L;超声细化计分法与血清TSH值联合区分甲状腺良恶性结节的敏感度90.1%,准确度84.5%,特异度84.3%。 结论基于TI-RADS的超声细化计分法和血清TSH值联合鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性可使诊断符合率进一步提高,降低甲状腺结节的穿刺活检或手术率。 -
关键词:
- 甲状腺结节 /
- 超声细化计分法 /
- 甲状腺影像报告和数据系统 /
- 促甲状腺素
Abstract:ObjectiveTo assess the significance of ultrasonic refined scoring method based on thyroid imaging reporting and data system(TI-RADS) combined with serum thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) level in the differentiation diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. MethodsThe refined scoring of the boundary, aspect ratio, echo and calcification of thyroid nodules in ultrasonoscopy in patients treated with operation based on TI-RADS grading system combined with serum level of TSH on admission were analyzed to draw the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve and calculate the area under ROC curve(AUC).The value of serum level of TSH, ultrasonic refined scoring method and both combination in the differentiation diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules were evaluated. ResultsThe ROC analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonic refined scoring method in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules were 88.6% and 83.9%, respectively.The AUC was 0.779(95%CI:0.718 to 0.839).When the Youden's index was the largest, the optimal critical value of ultrasonic refined scoring method was 9 points, and the nodules with score ≥ 9 and < 9 points were malignant and benign, respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of serum level of TSH in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules were 71.1% and 50.9%, recpectively, and the AUC was 0.703(95%CI:0.624 to 0.782).When the Youden's index was the largest, the optimal critical value was 2.31 mIU/L, and the sensitivity, accuracy and specificity of ultrasonic refined scoring method combined with serum TSH value in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules were 90.1%, 84.5% and 84.3%, respectively. ConclusionsThe ultrasonic refined scoring method based on TI-RADS combined with serum level of TSH in the differentiation diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules can further improve the diagnostic coincidence rate, and reduce the rate of thyroid nodule biopsy or operation. -
表 1 超声细化计分法标准
项目 指标 计分/分 形态 规则 0 不规则 1 分叶,毛刺,浸润性 2 边界 清晰,壁光滑,包膜完整 0 模糊,壁欠清晰,无包膜 1 毛糙,甲状腺被膜外侵犯 2 纵横比 <1 0 =1 1 >1 2 回声 均匀无回声 0 等回声或高回声,可偏心 1 实性或囊实性低回声 2 钙化 未见 0 直径≥1 mm 1 直径<1 mm,边缘钙化中断 2 周围淋巴结 大小、结构、回声正常 0 长径≥2 cm,结构正常 1 结构失常,回声减低、不均 2 -
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