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卵巢癌是女性生殖器官最常见的三大恶性肿瘤之一,在妇科恶性肿瘤中发病率居第2位,其病死率居首位[1],其中卵巢浆液性癌占卵巢癌的75%。由于卵巢位置较深,早期病变不易发现,缺乏特异的早期临床表现及诊断方法,约70%的卵巢癌病人在发现时已属晚期,并有广泛的盆腔、腹腔、淋巴结转移或腹水形成[2]。
研究[3]表明,内质网应激(ERS)反应可能与肿瘤的发生、发展、转移及预后密切相关。而葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)是一种内质网分子伴侣,在ERS出现时其表达上调[4]。GRP78的主要功能包括促进新合成蛋白的折叠、聚集,识别内质网中的异常折叠蛋白并诱导其降解,充当内质网应激感受器等。随着对GRP78细胞内定位认识的不断深入,研究[5-6]发现除内质网外,肿瘤细胞表面也存在GRP78的表达。细胞表面GRP78被认为是一种受体样多功能蛋白,可以通过与不同的配体结合,在肿瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡、侵袭转移和耐药性中发挥重要的调节作用[7-8]。目前,细胞表面GRP78在调节肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用及可能的分子机制已成为研究的热点。本研究拟通过免疫组织化学法和Western blot检测GRP78在卵巢浆液性癌及卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤的表达情况,探讨GRP78在卵巢癌的发生发展、侵袭转移中的临床意义。
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免疫组织化学结果显示,GRP78蛋白定位于细胞质中,呈棕黄色颗粒(见图 1),40例卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤组织中GRP78阴性表达30例(75%),GRP78阳性表达10例(25%),60例卵巢浆液性癌组织中GRP78阴性表达6例(10%),阳性表达54例(90%);卵巢浆液性癌组织中GRP78阳性表达明显高于卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤组织(χ2=44.01,P<0.01)。Western blotting结果显示,GRP78在卵巢浆液性癌组织的蛋白表达明显高于卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤组织(见图 2)。
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GRP78的表达量与病人的病理分级相关,GRP78表达量越高,卵巢浆液性癌病人病理分级程度越高,临床病理分期分析结果与病理分级结果一致。且与低表达GRP78的卵巢癌病人相比,高表达GRP78组的病人,糖类抗原125(CA125)指标更高。发生淋巴结转移、盆腔转移、盆腔外转移的比例更高(P<0.01)(见表 1)。
项目 GRP78表达量<50%(n=28) GRP78表达量≥50%(n=32) χ2 P 年龄/岁 57.57±11.15 60.16±11.34 -0.89* >0.05 肿瘤直径/cm 11.00±6.12 13.54±5.24 -1.10* >0.05 CA125/(U/mL) 144.00±121.25 647.31±499.98 -5.51* <0.01 病理分级 低级
高级20(86.92)
8(21.63)3(13.17)
29(78.43)24.33 <0.01 临床病理分期 Ⅰ、Ⅱ期
Ⅲ、Ⅳ期22(88.01)
6(17.12)3(12.04)
29(82.93)29.42 <0.01 淋巴结转移 无
有28(60.93)
0(0.02)18(39.17)
14(100.01)15.98 <0.01 盆腔转移 无
有22(91.76)
6(16.75)2(8.34)30
(83.33)32.54 <0.01 盆腔外转移 无
无25(62.06)
3(15.83)16(38.02)
16(84.28)10.65 0.01 *示t值 表 1 浆液性卵巢癌临床指标与GRP78的表达水平的关系[n;百分率(%)]
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结果显示,与HO-8910细胞比较,HO-8910PM细胞中GRP78的表达明显增加(见图 3)。Transwell法检测结果表明,与HO-8910细胞比较,HO-8910PM细胞的侵袭、迁移能力明显升高(见图 4~5、表 2)(P<0.01)。
分组 侵袭细胞数 迁移细胞数 HO-8910细胞 34.20±8.23 16.60±6.35 HO-8910PM细胞 113.00±14.21 69.40±4.16 t -10.73 -15.56 P <0.01 <0.01 表 2 HO-8910和HO-8910PM细胞侵袭、迁移能力比较(n=3;x±s)
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在HO-8910细胞中过表达GRP78,细胞的侵袭、迁移能力明显升高(P<0.01)(见图 6~8、表 3)。而在HO-8910PM细胞中干扰GRP78的表达,细胞的侵袭、迁移能力明显降低(P<0.01)(见图 9~11、表 4)。
分组 侵袭细胞数 迁移细胞数 对照组 34.20±8.23 16.60±6.35 阴性对照组 34.40±9.56 17.80±5.98 pcDNA-GRP78组 108.60±18.89 64.80±10.35 F 53.51 61.86 P <0.01 <0.01 MS组内 9 200.867 3 778.067 表 3 过表达GRP78对HO-8910细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响(n=3;x±s)
分组 侵袭细胞数 迁移细胞数 对照组 111.40±14.28 69.40±4.16 阴性对照组 106.00±6.33 66.40±8.30 shRNA-GRP78组 39.80±8.44 19.80±5.68 F 75.70 98.07 P <0.01 <0.01 MS组内 7 948.467 3 867.267 表 4 下调GRP78表达对HO-8910PM细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响(n=3;x±s)
葡萄糖调节蛋白78在卵巢癌侵袭转移中的作用
Role of glucose-regulated protein 78 in the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer
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摘要:
目的探讨葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)在卵巢癌侵袭转移中的作用。 方法免疫组织化学法检测60例卵巢浆液性癌和40例卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤组织中GRP78的表达情况,Western blotting法检测GRP78的表达水平,分析GRP78的表达与卵巢浆液性癌临床病理指标之间的关系。采用Transwell小室法检测HO-8910细胞和HO-8910PM细胞侵袭、迁移能力;分别使用shRNA-GRP78干扰和pcDNA-GRP78过表达GRP78检测HO-8910PM细胞和HO-8910细胞侵袭、迁移能力的变化。 结果免疫组织化学结果显示,GRP78在卵巢浆液性癌组织中的阳性表达率为90%,明显高于卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤的25%(P<0.01)。GRP78在卵巢浆液性癌组织中表达水平高于卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤组织。GRP78表达水平高的卵巢浆液性癌病人,临床病理分级、分期更高,糖类抗原125水平更高,且发生淋巴结转移、盆腔转移、盆腔外转移的病人比例更高(P<0.01)。体外研究结果显示,GRP78在高转移潜能的HO-8910PM细胞中的表达明显高于低转移潜能的HO-8910细胞(P<0.01)。在HO-8910细胞中过表达GRP78可明显促进细胞的侵袭、迁移能力,而在HO-8910PM细胞中干扰GRP78的表达可明显降低细胞的侵袭、迁移潜能(P<0.01)。 结论卵巢癌组织中GRP78可促进卵巢癌细胞的侵袭、迁移能力。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the role of glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78) in the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer. MethodsThe expression levels of GRP78 in 60 ovarian serous carcinoma and 40 ovarian serous cystadenoma tissues were detected using the immunohistochemistry(IHC) and Western blotting.The relationship between the clinical indicators of ovarian serous carcinoma and GRP78 expression was analyzed.The invasion and migration ability of HO-8910 cells and HO-8910PM cells were detected using Transwell assay.The invasion and migration ability of HO-8910 cells and HO-8910PM cells treated with shRNA-GRP78 interference and pcDNA-GRP78 overexpression were detected, respectively. ResultsThe results of IHC showed that the positive expression rate of GRP78 in ovarian serous carcinoma tissues(90%) was significantly higher than that in ovarian serous cystadenoma tissues(25%)(P < 0.01).The results of Western blot showed that the expression level of GRP78 in ovarian serous carcinoma tissue was significantly higher than that in ovarian serous cystadenoma tissue.Among the ovarian serous carcinoma patients with high GRP78 expression level, the clinicopathological grade and stage and carbohydrate antigen 125 level were higher, and the proportion of patients with lymph node metastasis, pelvic metastasis, and external pelvic metastasis was higher(P < 0.01).The results of in vitro studies showed that the expression level of GRP78 in HO-8910PM cells with high metastatic potential was significantly higher than that in HO-8910 cells with low metastatic potential(P < 0.01).The overexpression of GRP78 in HO-8910 cells could promote the invasion and migration ability of the cells, while silencing GRP78 expression in HO-8910PM cells could significantly reduce the invasion and migration potential of the cells(P < 0.01). ConclusionsGRP78 can promote the invasion and migration potential of ovarian cancer cells. -
Key words:
- ovarian neoplasms /
- glucose-regulated protein 78 /
- invasion /
- metastasis
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表 1 浆液性卵巢癌临床指标与GRP78的表达水平的关系[n;百分率(%)]
项目 GRP78表达量<50%(n=28) GRP78表达量≥50%(n=32) χ2 P 年龄/岁 57.57±11.15 60.16±11.34 -0.89* >0.05 肿瘤直径/cm 11.00±6.12 13.54±5.24 -1.10* >0.05 CA125/(U/mL) 144.00±121.25 647.31±499.98 -5.51* <0.01 病理分级 低级
高级20(86.92)
8(21.63)3(13.17)
29(78.43)24.33 <0.01 临床病理分期 Ⅰ、Ⅱ期
Ⅲ、Ⅳ期22(88.01)
6(17.12)3(12.04)
29(82.93)29.42 <0.01 淋巴结转移 无
有28(60.93)
0(0.02)18(39.17)
14(100.01)15.98 <0.01 盆腔转移 无
有22(91.76)
6(16.75)2(8.34)30
(83.33)32.54 <0.01 盆腔外转移 无
无25(62.06)
3(15.83)16(38.02)
16(84.28)10.65 0.01 *示t值 表 2 HO-8910和HO-8910PM细胞侵袭、迁移能力比较(n=3;x±s)
分组 侵袭细胞数 迁移细胞数 HO-8910细胞 34.20±8.23 16.60±6.35 HO-8910PM细胞 113.00±14.21 69.40±4.16 t -10.73 -15.56 P <0.01 <0.01 表 3 过表达GRP78对HO-8910细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响(n=3;x±s)
分组 侵袭细胞数 迁移细胞数 对照组 34.20±8.23 16.60±6.35 阴性对照组 34.40±9.56 17.80±5.98 pcDNA-GRP78组 108.60±18.89 64.80±10.35 F 53.51 61.86 P <0.01 <0.01 MS组内 9 200.867 3 778.067 表 4 下调GRP78表达对HO-8910PM细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响(n=3;x±s)
分组 侵袭细胞数 迁移细胞数 对照组 111.40±14.28 69.40±4.16 阴性对照组 106.00±6.33 66.40±8.30 shRNA-GRP78组 39.80±8.44 19.80±5.68 F 75.70 98.07 P <0.01 <0.01 MS组内 7 948.467 3 867.267 -
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