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慢性硬膜下血肿(chronic subdural hematoma,CSDH)是指血肿位于硬脑膜与蛛网膜之间且具有包膜的血肿,病程多在3周以上。部分病人不能回忆有外伤史,起病隐匿,临床表现无明显特征,易误诊。既往报道CSDH在总人群中的发病率为5/10万,而在70岁以上人群中则高达58/10万[1]。随着社会人口老龄化的加剧以及越来越多的病人服用抗凝或抗血小板类药物,可以预见CSDH的发生率仍会持续增加[2]。根据影像学检查可以将CSDH分为单侧型和双侧型,其中双侧CSDH占16%~24%[3],病情较单侧病人进展迅速,是CSDH复发的重要危险因素。但国内关于双侧与单侧CSDH两者间临床特点及影像学特征比较的研究较少,本研究对57例CSDH病人进行了回顾性分析,进一步探讨双侧CSDH病人的治疗策略。
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符合入组标准共57例,其中单侧46例(单侧CSDH组)、双侧11例(双侧CSDH组)。2组病人年龄、性别、肌力下降、头晕头痛、语言障碍、癫痫、意识障碍、颅脑损伤和使用抗凝/抗血小板药物差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 n 年龄(x±s)/岁 男 女 肌力下降 头晕头痛 言语障碍 癫痫 意识障碍 颅脑损伤 抗凝/抗血小板药物 中线移位(x±s)/cm 血肿厚度(x±s)/cm 单侧CSDH组 46 70.17±12.54 37 9 30(65.22) 22(47.83) 4(8.70) 1(2.17) 2(4.35) 30(65.22) 6(13.04) 1.01±0.40 2.38±0.42 双侧CSDH组 11 67.91±7.96 9 2 9(81.81) 4(36.36) 1(9.09) 0(0.00) 0(10.00) 6(54.55) 0(0.00) 0.47±0.35 3.36±0.91 χ2 — 0.57* 0.11 0.49 0.47 — — — 0.10 — 4.11* 3.48# P — > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05△ > 0.05△ 0.05 > 0.05△ < 0.01 < 0.01 *示t值;#示t′值; △示Fisher确切概率 表 1 CSDH病人的临床及影像学特点[n;百分率(%)]
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单侧CSDH组术前CT中线移位平均距离高于双侧CSDH组,血肿厚度单侧低于双侧(P < 0.01)(见表 1)。双侧CSDH病人中行双侧钻孔引流术病人的平均最大血肿厚度高于单侧手术病人(P < 0.05);双侧手术治疗组中线移位平均距离与单侧手术治疗病人差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n 年龄/岁 中线移位/cm 血肿厚度/cm 单侧手术 6 68.33±6.77 2.78±0.43 0.62±0.34 双侧手术 5 67.40±10.01 4.05±0.86 0.29±0.28 t — 0.18 3.19 1.73 P — > 0.05 < 0.05 > 0.05 表 2 双侧CSDH病人不同手术方式的治疗比较(x ±s)
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57例病人中4例病人术后复发需要再次手术治疗,占总病人数的7.02%。其中3例为单侧CSDH组病人,1例为双侧CSDH组病人。2组复发率差异无统计学意义(Fisher确切概率法, P>0.05)。
11例双侧CSDH病人中6例行单侧钻孔引流术,1例病人复发。5例病人行双侧钻孔引流术,术后未复发,2组间的复发率差异亦无统计学意义(Fisher确切概率法, P>0.05)。
单侧与双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的临床特点分析
Analysis of the clinical characteristics of unilateral and bilateral chronic subdural hematoma
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摘要:
目的比较单/双侧慢性硬膜下血肿(chronic subdural hematoma,CSDH)病人临床特点和影像学差异,探讨双侧CSDH的治疗策略。 方法回顾性分析57例CSDH病人的临床资料,根据影像学结果将病人分为单侧CSDH组和双侧CSDH组。比较2组病人的临床特点、影像学表现以及复发率差异。根据手术方式不同,将双侧CSDH病人分为双侧手术组和单侧手术组,研究2种手术方式对双侧CSDH病人复发率的影响。 结果2组病人肌力下降、头晕头痛、语言障碍、癫痫、意识障碍、颅脑损伤、使用抗凝/抗血小板药物和复发率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);单侧CSDH组术前CT中线移位平均距离高于双侧CSDH组,血肿厚度单侧低于双侧(P < 0.01)。双侧CSDH病人中行双侧钻孔引流术病人的平均最大血肿厚度高于单侧手术病人(P < 0.05);双侧手术治疗组中线移位平均距离、复发率与单侧手术治疗病人差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论单、双侧CSDH具有不同的影像学特点,部分双侧CSDH病人可以通过一侧钻孔引流获得治愈。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the clinical features and imaging differences between unilateral and bilateral chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH), and investigate the treatment strategies of bilateral CSDH. MethodsThe clinical data of 57 pateints with CSDH were retrospectively analyzed, and divided into the unilateral CSDH group and bilateral CSDH group according to CT scan findings.The clinical characteristics, imaging findings and recurrence rate between two groups were compared.The bilateral CSDH patients were subdivided into the bilateral operation group and unilateral operation group according to different surgical methods, and the recurrence rate between two group was analyzed. ResultsThe differences of the muscle weakness, dizziness, headache, language disorder, epilepsy, consciousness disorder, brain injury, use of anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs and recurrence rate between two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The mean distance of CT midline shift in unilateral CSDH group was higher than that in bilateral CSDH group, and the thickness of hematoma was lower in unilateral CSDH group than that in bilateral CSDH group(P < 0.01).The average maximum hematoma thickness in bilateral CSDH patients treated with bilateral drilling drainage was higher than that in unilateral operation patients(P < 0.05).There was no statistical significance in the mean distance of midline shift and recurrence rate between bilateral operation group and unilateral operation group(P>0.05). ConclusionsThe imaging characteristics bewteen unilateral and bilateral CSDH are different.Some patients with bilateral CSDH can be cured by unilateral drilling drainage. -
Key words:
- subdura hematoma /
- bilateral /
- recurrence
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表 1 CSDH病人的临床及影像学特点[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n 年龄(x±s)/岁 男 女 肌力下降 头晕头痛 言语障碍 癫痫 意识障碍 颅脑损伤 抗凝/抗血小板药物 中线移位(x±s)/cm 血肿厚度(x±s)/cm 单侧CSDH组 46 70.17±12.54 37 9 30(65.22) 22(47.83) 4(8.70) 1(2.17) 2(4.35) 30(65.22) 6(13.04) 1.01±0.40 2.38±0.42 双侧CSDH组 11 67.91±7.96 9 2 9(81.81) 4(36.36) 1(9.09) 0(0.00) 0(10.00) 6(54.55) 0(0.00) 0.47±0.35 3.36±0.91 χ2 — 0.57* 0.11 0.49 0.47 — — — 0.10 — 4.11* 3.48# P — > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05△ > 0.05△ 0.05 > 0.05△ < 0.01 < 0.01 *示t值;#示t′值; △示Fisher确切概率 表 2 双侧CSDH病人不同手术方式的治疗比较(x ±s)
分组 n 年龄/岁 中线移位/cm 血肿厚度/cm 单侧手术 6 68.33±6.77 2.78±0.43 0.62±0.34 双侧手术 5 67.40±10.01 4.05±0.86 0.29±0.28 t — 0.18 3.19 1.73 P — > 0.05 < 0.05 > 0.05 -
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