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在全麻过程中,与气管插管相比,喉罩具有咽部刺激小、应激反应轻、对循环影响小、诱导与苏醒均迅速等特点[1-2]。我科在小儿外科短小手术麻醉中多使用喉罩代替气管插管;但也发现在小儿腹腔镜微创手术中,随着腹内压的升高,常规使用的容量控制通气部分会出现喉罩漏气、胃胀气等不良反应,给麻醉管理和患儿术后恢复带来了不便,因此我们尝试将压力控制通气(PCV)应用于小儿喉罩通气全麻腹腔镜手术的麻醉,取得了良好的效果。现作报道。
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56例患儿均一次插入喉罩成功。气腹后V组喉罩漏气率及胃胀气率与P组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。术后随访24 h,2组呼吸系统检查均未出现相关并发症。气腹后2组Ppeak、Pplat、PaCO2、PaO2及HR均升高,MAP降低(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);2组间气腹开始前各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05), T2和T3时点V组Ppeak、Pplat高于P组(P < 0.01),2组其他各项指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n 漏气 胃胀气 P组 28 2(7.14) 0(0.00) V组 28 5(17.86) 2(7.14) 合计 56 7(12.50) 2(3.57) χ2 — 0.65 0.52 P — > 0.05 > 0.05 表 1 2组患儿气腹后不良事件比较[n; 百分率(%)]
分组 T1 T2 T3 F P MS组内 Ppeak/mmHg P组 10.6±1.8 16.4±1.2▲▲ 17.8±1.5▲▲■■ 176.65 < 0.01 2.310 V组 11.4±1.5 22.7±2.2**▲▲ 23.6±2.4**▲▲ 302.16 < 0.01 4.283 Pplat/mmHg P组 9.4±2.6 14.7±1.5▲▲ 15.8±1.2▲▲■ 94.13 < 0..01 3.483 V组 10.5±1.9 19.2±1.7**▲▲ 20.5±2.1**▲▲■ 227.62 < 0.01 3.637 PaCO2/mmHg P组 36.3±3.1 44.3±5.6▲▲ 48.6±3.2▲▲■■ 63.91 < 0.01 17.070 V组 37.4±2.9 45.1±5.5▲▲ 49.3±3.1▲▲■■ 63.38 < 0.01 16.090 PaO2/mmHg P组 320±23.6 335±24.2 340±23.0▲▲ 3.34 < 0.05 562.397 V组 326±22.4 340±18.6▲▲ 342±21.5▲▲ 4.87 < 0.01 436.657 MAP/mmHg P组 60.5±5.1 57.4±4.9 57.5±5.4 3.40 < 0.05 26.393 V组 62.7±4.8 58.2±4.8▲▲ 58.3±5.2▲▲ 7.59 < 0.01 24.373 HR/(次/分) P组 100±12 120±5▲▲ 128±6▲▲■■ 85.23 < 0.01 68.333 V组 102±11 118±6▲▲ 125±8▲▲■■ 52.83 < 0.01 73.667 q检验:与P组比较**P < 0.01;与T1比较▲▲P < 0.01;与T2比较■P < 0.05, ■■P < 0.01 表 2 2组不同时间点监测指标比较(ni=28;x±s)
压力控制通气用于小儿喉罩通气全麻腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床观察
The application of pressure-controlled ventilation in laparoscopic appendectomy under general anesthesia of laryngeal mask airway in children
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摘要:
目的观察小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术喉罩通气全麻时压力控制通气(PCV)的临床效果。 方法选择年龄为2~10岁行腹腔镜阑尾切除术的患儿56例,随机分为PCV组(P组)和容量控制通气组(V组),观察2组各时点的气道峰压(Ppeak)、平台压(Pplat)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)及动脉血气、喉罩漏气率、不良反应的发生情况和术后呼吸系统并发症的情况。 结果气腹后V组喉罩漏气率及胃胀气率与P组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后24 h内,2组呼吸系统检查均未出现相关并发症;2组气腹开始前各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),气腹后2组Ppeak、Pplat、PaCO2、PaO2及HR均升高,MAP降低(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);T2和T3时点V组Ppeak、Pplat均高于P组(P < 0.01),2组其他各项指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论PCV能在相对低的气道压力下提供有效的肺通气,有利于气体交换,减少CO2气腹对呼吸功能的影响,尤其在小儿喉罩通气全麻时较容量控制通气更有优势。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effects of pressure controlled ventilation(PCV) in laparoscopic appendectomy under general anesthesia of laryngeal mask airway in children. MethodsFifty-six children aged 2-10 years old treated with laparoscopic appendectomy were randomly divided into the PCV group(group P) and volume-controlled ventilation group(group V).The airway peak pressure(Ppeak), plat pressure(Pplat), mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate(HR) and arterial blood gas at different time-points, and leakage rate of laryngeal mask, incidence rate of adverse reactions and postoperative respriatory complications in two groups were observed. ResultsThere was no statistical significance in the leakage rate of laryngeal mask or rate of flatulence between two groups after pneumoperitoneum(P>0.05).The related complications of respiratory system in two groups were not found within 24 h after operation.The difference of the related complications between two groups was not statistically significant before pneumoperitoneum(P>0.05).After pneumoperitoneum, the Ppeak, Pplat, PaCO2, PaO2 and HR increased significantly, and the MAP decreased significantly in two groups(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The Ppeak and Pplat in group V at T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those in group P(P < 0.01), and there was no statistical significance in other indicators between two groups(P>0.05). ConclusionsPCV can effectively provide the pulmonary ventilation under the relatively low airway pressure, is good for gas exchange, can reduce the effect of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on respiratory function, has more advantages over the volume-controlled ventilation, especially in general anesthesia of laryngeal mask airway for children. -
Key words:
- laparoscopic appendectomy /
- pressure-controlled ventilation /
- laryngeal mask /
- anesthesia /
- child
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表 1 2组患儿气腹后不良事件比较[n; 百分率(%)]
分组 n 漏气 胃胀气 P组 28 2(7.14) 0(0.00) V组 28 5(17.86) 2(7.14) 合计 56 7(12.50) 2(3.57) χ2 — 0.65 0.52 P — > 0.05 > 0.05 表 2 2组不同时间点监测指标比较(ni=28;x±s)
分组 T1 T2 T3 F P MS组内 Ppeak/mmHg P组 10.6±1.8 16.4±1.2▲▲ 17.8±1.5▲▲■■ 176.65 < 0.01 2.310 V组 11.4±1.5 22.7±2.2**▲▲ 23.6±2.4**▲▲ 302.16 < 0.01 4.283 Pplat/mmHg P组 9.4±2.6 14.7±1.5▲▲ 15.8±1.2▲▲■ 94.13 < 0..01 3.483 V组 10.5±1.9 19.2±1.7**▲▲ 20.5±2.1**▲▲■ 227.62 < 0.01 3.637 PaCO2/mmHg P组 36.3±3.1 44.3±5.6▲▲ 48.6±3.2▲▲■■ 63.91 < 0.01 17.070 V组 37.4±2.9 45.1±5.5▲▲ 49.3±3.1▲▲■■ 63.38 < 0.01 16.090 PaO2/mmHg P组 320±23.6 335±24.2 340±23.0▲▲ 3.34 < 0.05 562.397 V组 326±22.4 340±18.6▲▲ 342±21.5▲▲ 4.87 < 0.01 436.657 MAP/mmHg P组 60.5±5.1 57.4±4.9 57.5±5.4 3.40 < 0.05 26.393 V组 62.7±4.8 58.2±4.8▲▲ 58.3±5.2▲▲ 7.59 < 0.01 24.373 HR/(次/分) P组 100±12 120±5▲▲ 128±6▲▲■■ 85.23 < 0.01 68.333 V组 102±11 118±6▲▲ 125±8▲▲■■ 52.83 < 0.01 73.667 q检验:与P组比较**P < 0.01;与T1比较▲▲P < 0.01;与T2比较■P < 0.05, ■■P < 0.01 -
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