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新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)是临床上较为常见的疾病类型,主要由新生儿肺部表面缺乏活性物质引起,ARDS会导致新生儿出现呼吸困难,对新生儿的生命安全造成极大威胁[1]。随着胎龄的增加,ARDS的发生率逐渐降低,但是由于非医学指征及产前高危因素的增加,即使胎龄达到37周,发生ARDS的比例仍高达4%[2]。为探讨足月新生儿发生ARDS的相关危险因素,本研究选取足月出生新生儿73 665例进行统计分析。现作报道。
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择期剖宫产组足月儿ARDS发生率明显高于阴道分娩组和非择期剖宫产组(P<0.01)(见表 1)。
分组 n ARDS发生例数 ARDS发生率/(%) χ2 P 阴道分娩组 34 688 14 0.04 择期剖宫产组 26 781 72 0.26 57.12 <0.01 非择期剖宫产组 12 196 16 0.13 表 1 3组新生儿ARDS发生情况比较
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单因素分析结果显示,男婴、新生儿窒息史、胎盘异常史、羊水吸入史、宫内窘迫史和母亲妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病发生率在病例组和对照组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),病例组和对照组的胎膜早破发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
临床特征 对照组(n=420) 病例组(n=102) χ2 P 性别 男 201(47.9) 71(69.6) 15.56 < 0.01 女 219(52.1) 31(30.4) 胎膜早破 无 396(94. 3) 95(93.1) 0.19 > 0.05 有 24(5.7) 7(6.9) 新生儿窒息 无 414(98.6) 88(86.3) 30.43 < 0.01 有 6(1.4) 14(13.7) 胎盘异常 无 410(97.6) 91(89.2) 12.91 < 0.01 有 10(2.4) 11(10.8) 羊水吸入 无 412(98.1) 88(86.3) 25.55 < 0.01 有 8(1.9) 14(13.7) 宫内窘迫 无 406(96.7) 91(89.2) 8.43 < 0.01 有 14(3.3) 11(10.8) 妊娠期高血压 无 415(98.8) 95(93.1) 9.37 < 0.01 有 5(1.2) 7(6.9) 妊娠期糖尿病 无 402(95.7) 82(80.4) 28.55 < 0.01 有 18(4.3) 20(19.6) 表 2 不同临床特征在病例组和对照组新生儿间比较[n;百分率(%)]
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以是否发生ARDS为因变量,以单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的变量为自变量,进行多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,性别(男)、新生儿窒息史、胎盘异常史、羊水吸入史、母亲妊娠期高血压和妊娠期糖尿病均为新生足月儿发生ARDS的独立危险因素(P<0.01)(见表 3)。
自变量 B SE Wald P OR 95%CI 性别(男) -0.829 0.26 10.223 <0.01 0.44 0.26~0.73 新生儿窒息 2.335 0.53 19.280 <0.01 10.33 3.64~29.28 胎盘异常 1.688 0.50 11.238 <0.01 5.41 2.02~14.52 羊水吸入 1.738 0.51 11.500 <0.01 5.69 2.08~15.53 妊娠期高血压 1.981 0.66 8.970 <0.01 7.25 1.98~26.50 妊娠期糖尿病 1.501 0.34 14.974 <0.01 4.49 2.10~9.60 表 3 足月新生儿ARDS的多因素分析
分娩方式对足月新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征的影响
Effect of the delivery mode on the acute respiratory distress syndrome in full-term neonates
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摘要:
目的探讨分娩方式及其他相关因素对足月新生儿发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的影响。 方法选取73 665例足月新生儿,根据娩出方式分为阴道分娩组34 688例、择期剖宫产组26 781例和非择期剖宫产组12 196例,比较3组新生儿的ARDS发生率;并随机选取其中420名健康足月儿为对照组,102例ARDS患儿为病例组,采用多因素logistic回归分析ARDS的危险因素。 结果择期剖宫产组ARDS发生率为0.26%,均明显高于阴道分娩组(0.04%)和非择期剖宫产组(0.13%)(P < 0.01)。logistic回归分析结果显示,男婴、新生儿窒息史、胎盘异常史、羊水吸入史、母亲妊娠期高血压和妊娠期糖尿病均为新生足月儿发生ARDS的独立危险因素(P < 0.01)。 结论产妇在选择分娩方式时应尽量选择自然阴道分娩或非择期剖宫产,对于有相关危险因素的产妇,应及早干预以降低新生儿ARDS发生率。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of delivery mode and other related factors on acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) in full-term neonates. MethodsA total of 73 665 full-term neonates were divided into the vaginal delivery group(34688 cases), elective cesarean group(26781 cases) and nonelective cesarean group(12196 cases).The incidence rate of ARDS was compared among three groups.Four hundred and twenty healthy full-term neonates and 102 ARDS neonates were randomly selected, and divided into the control group and case group, respectively.The risk factors of ARDS were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. ResultsThe incidence rate of ARDS in elective cesarean group(0.26%) was significantly higher than that in vaginal delivery group (0.04%) and nonelective cesarean group (0.13%)(P < 0.01).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the male, asphyxia, placenta, disfunctional placenta, aminotic fluid aspiration, intrauterine distress, maternal hypertension and maternal diabetes were the independent risk factors of ARDS in full-term neonates(P < 0.01). ConclusionsThe gravidas should choose the natural vaginal delivery or nonelective cesarean as far as possible, the obstetricians should pay more attention to gravidas with risk factors, and the early intervention can reduce the incidence rate of ARDS in full-term neonates. -
Key words:
- respiratory distress syndrome /
- full-term neonate /
- delivery mode
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表 1 3组新生儿ARDS发生情况比较
分组 n ARDS发生例数 ARDS发生率/(%) χ2 P 阴道分娩组 34 688 14 0.04 择期剖宫产组 26 781 72 0.26 57.12 <0.01 非择期剖宫产组 12 196 16 0.13 表 2 不同临床特征在病例组和对照组新生儿间比较[n;百分率(%)]
临床特征 对照组(n=420) 病例组(n=102) χ2 P 性别 男 201(47.9) 71(69.6) 15.56 < 0.01 女 219(52.1) 31(30.4) 胎膜早破 无 396(94. 3) 95(93.1) 0.19 > 0.05 有 24(5.7) 7(6.9) 新生儿窒息 无 414(98.6) 88(86.3) 30.43 < 0.01 有 6(1.4) 14(13.7) 胎盘异常 无 410(97.6) 91(89.2) 12.91 < 0.01 有 10(2.4) 11(10.8) 羊水吸入 无 412(98.1) 88(86.3) 25.55 < 0.01 有 8(1.9) 14(13.7) 宫内窘迫 无 406(96.7) 91(89.2) 8.43 < 0.01 有 14(3.3) 11(10.8) 妊娠期高血压 无 415(98.8) 95(93.1) 9.37 < 0.01 有 5(1.2) 7(6.9) 妊娠期糖尿病 无 402(95.7) 82(80.4) 28.55 < 0.01 有 18(4.3) 20(19.6) 表 3 足月新生儿ARDS的多因素分析
自变量 B SE Wald P OR 95%CI 性别(男) -0.829 0.26 10.223 <0.01 0.44 0.26~0.73 新生儿窒息 2.335 0.53 19.280 <0.01 10.33 3.64~29.28 胎盘异常 1.688 0.50 11.238 <0.01 5.41 2.02~14.52 羊水吸入 1.738 0.51 11.500 <0.01 5.69 2.08~15.53 妊娠期高血压 1.981 0.66 8.970 <0.01 7.25 1.98~26.50 妊娠期糖尿病 1.501 0.34 14.974 <0.01 4.49 2.10~9.60 -
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