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吉兰巴雷综合征(Guillain-Barré syndrome,GBS)[1]是一类经典的累及周围神经的自身免疫学性多发性神经根神经病,常累及神经根近端和运动轴索远端,有时累及脑神经。典型表现为迅速进展的对称性肢体迟缓性肌无力、反射消失及轻微的感觉症状临床表现。并发于蛛网膜下腔出血、手术及注射神经节苷脂类药物后少见报道,其临床表现、发病机制等仍需进一步研究探讨。现将我院收治的1例蛛网膜下腔出血、大脑前动脉瘤开颅术后且注射神经节苷脂类药物后并发GBS病人的诊断治疗进行相关临床报道,并复习相关文献,探讨其可能发病机制,指导临床诊治。
蛛网膜下腔出血动脉瘤开颅术后并发吉兰巴雷综合征1例报道及文献复习
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摘要:
目的总结1例蛛网膜下腔出血动脉瘤开颅术后并发吉兰巴雷综合征(GBS)病人的诊治体会,探讨致GBS发生的直接或相关因素及可能潜在机制。 方法分析1例GBS病人临床、影像学资料及相关诊治过程及病人的治疗效果,并进行相关文献复习。 结果该例病人因“蛛网膜下腔出血、大脑前动脉动脉瘤”收入院。入院后予尼莫地平抗血管痉挛,复方甘露醇降颅压,卡络磺钠止血,复方脑肽节苷脂、复方曲肽、乙酰谷酰胺营养神经、罗沙替丁醋酸酯预防应激性溃疡出血、维持水电解质平衡等治疗。入院第3天行开颅大脑前动脉瘤夹闭术手术治疗,术后第8天开始出现四肢肌张力、肌力降低,四肢浅感觉减退,并呈快速进行性发展。于术后12 d病情达高峰。脑脊液检查及肌电图检查提示GBS,免疫球蛋白治疗后好转。复习相关文献发现蛛网膜下腔出血、手术、注射神经节苷脂类药物后及可并发类似GBS的表现,且开颅术后并发GBS常易被漏诊、误诊。 结论蛛网膜下腔出血、外科手术可为GBS的诱因,尤其开颅术后并发GBS易被延误诊断、延误治疗;神经节苷脂可能引起GBS,应用相关药物要高度警惕GBS发生。静脉注射免疫球蛋白可有效治疗GBS,一旦怀疑GBS可能,应早期及时使用,可改善预后。 -
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