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青光眼是全球第一大不可逆性致盲眼病,而原发性青光眼是其主要的类型之一[1]。眼压升高被认为是导致青光眼发生发展的主要危险因素[2]。目前原发性青光眼的发病机制尚不明确,大部分研究表明是由于青光眼病人小梁网组织及其周围环境异常所致,使小梁网细胞外基质蛋白(extracellular matrixc, ECM),例如纤维连接蛋白(fibronectin,FN)、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白(collagen-Ⅳ, COL-Ⅳ)、层粘连蛋白(laminin, LN)等之间的产生与降解关系被打破[3],造成ECM异常累积导致其纤维化,引起房水外流受阻,病理性眼压升高,而眼压增高继而将导致视网膜上的节细胞发生凋亡与死亡,最终导致病人不可逆性失明[4-6]。研究[7]表明,myocilin是第一个被确认与原发性开角型青光眼相关的基因,且在小梁网和睫状体等眼部组织中大量存在。据报道[8],4%的青光眼病人存在myocilin基因的变异,突变的myocilin不能分泌到房水当中,从而积聚在小梁网的内质网中,造成内质网应激反应,造成眼压升高。在Tg-MYOCy437h小鼠中,小梁网的内质网也发生应激反应,慢性和持续性内质网应激与Tg-MYOCy437h小鼠小梁网细胞的死亡和眼压升高有关[7]。而且myocilin的表达同时也受糖皮质激素的调控,所以又被称为小梁网诱导性糖皮质激素反应蛋白[9],相邻组织或细胞不受这一调控反应[10]。由于直接在人眼组织中观察小梁网组织的生理特性和生物学功能十分困难,因此体外成功培养小梁网细胞尤为重要。另外,小梁网组织靠近虹膜、角膜等组织[11],且目前IOVS等眼科影响力较高的杂志对人小梁网细胞鉴定的要求越来越严格,既往报道关于人小梁网细胞的鉴定方法已不能完全满足审稿人的要求。本文将利用小梁网的特性,介绍一种小梁网细胞培养与鉴定的新方法,为更好地满足审稿人对于人小梁网细胞的鉴定提供依据。
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显微镜下观察:小梁网组织块贴壁培养1~2周后,开始有细胞从组织块旁向外长出,并逐渐增多(见图 1),细胞形态呈椭圆形、梭形等,类似于成纤维细胞,细胞核呈椭圆形或者圆形,含有大量的细胞质,并含有少量色素颗粒(见图 2)。细胞生长较慢,一般7~10 d细胞发生融合,传代后细胞生长速度与细胞密度有关。CCK8法检测结果显示:传代后小梁网细胞在第1~4天生长较快,第5~7天生长速度有所减慢,但依然显著高于第4天(P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
分组 n 细胞生存率/% F P MS组内 第1天 4 99.97±2.77 第4天 4 188.45±3.42** 1 147.65 < 0.01 11.045 第7天 4 204.50±3.71**## q检验:与第1天比较** P < 0.01;与第4天比较## P < 0.01 表 1 CCK8法检测小梁网细胞增殖情况(x±s)
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培养至第三代的人小梁网细胞FN、COL-Ⅳ、LN及AQP1染色均呈阳性(见图 3)。
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与对照组相比,DEX可使人小梁网细胞中myocilin mRNA水平升高(P < 0.01)(见表 2)。DEX (100 μmol/L)刺激人小梁网细胞10 d后,与对照组相比,myocilin的蛋白表达明显增加(P < 0.01)(见表3)。
分组 n myocilin mRNA myocilin蛋白 对照组 3 1.03±0.52 1.01±0.17 DEX组 3 4.98±0.77 1.75±0.20 t — 7.36 4.88 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 表 2 小梁网细胞中myocilin mRNA及myocilin蛋白水平的表达情况(x±s)
人眼组织小梁网细胞的体外培养及鉴定的新方法
A new method of culture and identification of human eye trabecular meshwork cells in vitro
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摘要:
目的探讨人原代小梁网细胞的体外培养,以及利用其特性建立一种鉴定小梁网细胞的新方法。 方法从眼球破裂伤病人的眼球以及角膜移植后剩余的角膜环分离出小梁网组织,利用组织块贴壁法以及消化法对人原代小梁网细胞进行体外培养。倒置显微镜下观察细胞生长状态并利用CCK8法检测其生长速率。利用细胞免疫荧光技术对所培养的细胞进行纤维连接蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白、层黏连蛋白、水通道蛋白-1等蛋白的染色鉴定。并利用100 nmol/L地塞米松对所培养的细胞诱导10 d,通过荧光定量PCR和western blotting方法检测myocilin的表达水平以确定所培养的细胞是否为小梁网细胞。 结果小梁网组织块贴壁培养1~2周后,开始有细胞从组织块旁向外长出,并逐渐增多。传代后小梁网细胞在第1~4天生长较快,第5~7天生长速度有所减慢,但依然显著高于第4天(P < 0.01)。所培养的细胞纤维连接蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白、层黏连蛋白、水通道蛋白-1的免疫荧光染色均呈阳性。地塞米松诱导后,与对照组相比,小梁网细胞中myocilin mRNA和蛋白表达水平均明显上升(P < 0.01)。 结论本实验中所培养的细胞通过对其特点进行检测,确定所培养的细胞为人原代小梁网细胞。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the culture of human eye trabecular meshwork cells in vitro, and establish a new method of identifying cells according to its characters. MethodsThe trabecular meshwork tissue was isolated from the eyeballs of patients with ocular rupture injury, and corneal ring left after corneal transplantation, and the human primary trabecular meshwork cells were cultured in vitro using tissue block adherence and digestion methods.The cell growth was observed under an inverted microscope, and the growth rate was measured using CCK8.The fiber connection protein, type Ⅳ collagen protein, layer adhesion protein and water channel protein-1 were identified using cell immunofluorescence staining.The cultured cells were induced using 100 nml/L of dexamethasone for 10 d, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of myocilin were detected using fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. ResultsAfter culturing for 1 to 2 weeks, the cells began to grow out from the side of the trabecular meshwork, and gradually increased.After passaging, the trabecular meshwork cells grew faster on 1-4 days, and slower on 5-7 days, which still significantly higher than that on day 4(P < 0.01).The staining of fibronectin, collagen-Ⅳ, laminin and aquaporin 1 in cultured cells were positive using immunofluorescence.After dexamethasone inducing, the myocilin mRNA and protein expression levels in trabecular meshwork cells significantly increased compared with the control group(P < 0.01). ConclusionsThe primary trabecular meshwork cells can be identified by detecting their characteristics. -
Key words:
- primary glaucoma /
- trabecular meshwork /
- primary cell /
- culture /
- identification
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表 1 CCK8法检测小梁网细胞增殖情况(x±s)
分组 n 细胞生存率/% F P MS组内 第1天 4 99.97±2.77 第4天 4 188.45±3.42** 1 147.65 < 0.01 11.045 第7天 4 204.50±3.71**## q检验:与第1天比较** P < 0.01;与第4天比较## P < 0.01 表 2 小梁网细胞中myocilin mRNA及myocilin蛋白水平的表达情况(x±s)
分组 n myocilin mRNA myocilin蛋白 对照组 3 1.03±0.52 1.01±0.17 DEX组 3 4.98±0.77 1.75±0.20 t — 7.36 4.88 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 -
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