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盆腔脏器脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)是盆底功能障碍性疾病(pelvic floor dysfunction,PFD)主要临床表现之一,是由各种原因导致的盆底支持组织薄弱,造成盆腔器官下降移位引发器官的位置及功能异常[1]。产妇往往会在产后出现子宫脱垂、阴道壁膨大等症状,同时伴或不伴有排尿、排便异常、外阴部出血、炎症等,程度不等地影响病人的生活质量[2-5]。国内外研究[6-7]已发现,通过产前有效的干预措施能够减少POP的发病率,产后及时进行治疗还可以达到痊愈的效果。本文就产前的健康教育、饮食指导及质量管理、盆底肌肉锻炼等孕产期盆地功能训练指导对POP发病率及治疗效果的影响作一探讨。
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2组年龄和孕周差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),对照组孕期增加质量明显高于观察组(P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
分组 n 年龄/岁 孕周 孕期增加质量/kg 对照组 795 28.20±1.87 38.20±0.71 14.21±0.61 观察组 834 27.93±1.50 38.53±0.44 11.51±0.60 t — 0.11 0.63 90.05 P — >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 表 1 2组病例一般资料比较(x±s)
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产后42 d 2组盆底肌力差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01),而6个月后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。2组产后42 d POP-Q分度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而6个月后差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)(见表 3)。
分组 n Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ uc P 42 d 对照组 795 451 262 63 19 4.99 < 0.01 观察组 834 383 308 84 59 合计 1 629 834 570 147 78 6个月 对照组 795 65 128 397 262 1.04 >0.05 观察组 834 57 134 352 291 合计 1 629 122 262 749 553 表 2 2组产后42 d、6个月盆底肌力检测分级比较(n)
分组 n 0 Ⅰ Ⅱ >Ⅱ 患病率/% uc P 42 d 对照组 795 309 174 8 304 61.13 1.70 >0.05 观察组 834 312 258 21 241 61.39 合计 1 629 621 432 29 545 61.88 6个月 对照组 795 480 143 32 140 17.61 3.65 < 0.01 观察组 834 560 171 17 86 10.31 合计 1 629 1 040 314 49 226 13.87 表 3 2组产后42 d、6个月POP-Q分度比较(n)
孕产期盆底功能训练指导对盆腔脏器脱垂的发病率及电刺激治疗效果的影响
Effect of the pelvic floor function training on the incidence rate of pelvic organ prolapse and electrical stimulation in the treatment of pelvic organ probpse
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摘要:
目的评价孕产期盆底康复训练指导对盆腔脏器脱垂(POP)发病率及电刺激治疗效果的影响。 方法选取分娩并进行盆底肌力筛查及治疗病人1629例,分为对照组(795例)和观察组(834例)。对照组定期孕检,但未进行孕期干预,产后POP者进行盆底康复治疗。观察组定期孕检,进行孕期干预包括健康教育、饮食指导及质量管理、盆底肌肉锻炼,接受产后康复治疗,进行电刺激联合生物反馈治疗,并结合产妇盆底肌肉功能锻炼。产后42 d复查分析2组产妇发病情况,于产后6个月进行随访及复检,观察产妇POP改善状况。 结果产后42 d与观察组比较,对照组肌张力达到Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级肌力水平比例明显偏高,POP-Q结果显示,对照组SUI患病率(38.23%)明显高于观察组(28.89%)(P < 0.05)。治疗6个月后肌拉力测试结果显示,2组Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级肌力水平比例明显减少,POP-Q结果显示2组SUI患病率明显下降,对照组SUI患病率高于观察组(P < 0.05)。治疗6个月后POP-Q改善程度观察组明显优于对照组(P < 0.05)。 结论孕产期盆底康复训练指导能够有效降低POP的发病率,并能够有效提高电刺激对盆底脏器脱垂的治疗效果。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of pelvic floor rehabilitation training on the incidence rate and electrical stimulation of pelvic organ prolapse(POP). MethodsA total of 1 629 patients with delivery, pelvic floor muscle strength screening and treatment were divided into the control group(795 cases) and observation group(834 cases).In the control group, the regular pregnancy examination was conducted, no intervention during pregnancy was carried out, and the pelvic floor rehabilitation were implemented in patients with postpartum POP.In the observation group, the regular pregnancy examination and intervention during pregnancy(including health education, diet guidance, quality management and pelvic floor muscle training) were carried out, and the postpartum rehabilitation treatment, electrical stimulation combined with biofeedback therapy and maternal pelvic floor muscle function exercise were implemented.In two groups, the incidence of disease were analyzed at postpartum 42 d, and the improvement of puerpera POP were observed at postpartum 6 months. ResultsAt postpartum 42 d, compared with the observation group, the proportion of the grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ muscle tension in the control groups was higher, and the results of POP-Q showed that the prevalence rate of SUI in control group(38.23%) was significantly higher than that in observation group(28.89%) (P < 0.05).At postpartum 6 moths, the results of the muscle tension test showed that the proportion of the grade Ⅰ and Ⅱmuscle tension in two groups significantly decreased.At postpartum 6 months, the results of POP-Q showed that the prevalence rate of SUI in two groups significantly decreased, and which in control group was higher than that in observation group(P < 0.05).After 6 months of treatment, the improvement of POP-Q in observation group was significantly better than that in control group(P < 0.05). ConclusionsThe maternal pelvic floor rehabilitation training can effectively reduce the incidence rate of POP, and improve the effects of the electrical stimulation treatment. -
表 1 2组病例一般资料比较(x±s)
分组 n 年龄/岁 孕周 孕期增加质量/kg 对照组 795 28.20±1.87 38.20±0.71 14.21±0.61 观察组 834 27.93±1.50 38.53±0.44 11.51±0.60 t — 0.11 0.63 90.05 P — >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 表 2 2组产后42 d、6个月盆底肌力检测分级比较(n)
分组 n Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ uc P 42 d 对照组 795 451 262 63 19 4.99 < 0.01 观察组 834 383 308 84 59 合计 1 629 834 570 147 78 6个月 对照组 795 65 128 397 262 1.04 >0.05 观察组 834 57 134 352 291 合计 1 629 122 262 749 553 表 3 2组产后42 d、6个月POP-Q分度比较(n)
分组 n 0 Ⅰ Ⅱ >Ⅱ 患病率/% uc P 42 d 对照组 795 309 174 8 304 61.13 1.70 >0.05 观察组 834 312 258 21 241 61.39 合计 1 629 621 432 29 545 61.88 6个月 对照组 795 480 143 32 140 17.61 3.65 < 0.01 观察组 834 560 171 17 86 10.31 合计 1 629 1 040 314 49 226 13.87 -
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