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全身麻醉可分为静脉全身麻醉和气管插管全身麻醉,通常只有一些时间较短的手术, 例如宫腔镜手术、无痛人流等采用静脉全身麻醉,而时间等较长的手术需气管插管全身麻醉。因此,气管插管全身麻醉成为目前应用最为广泛,安全度、舒适度最高的麻醉方法,几乎可用于所有手术类型[1]。但在气管插管和拔除时易引起强烈的应激反应,使血压剧增、心率加快,从而导致心血管不良事件的发生。盐酸艾司洛尔是临床上用来预防、控制心血管类症状的常用药物[2]。临床研究[3]显示,艾司洛尔能有效减轻全身麻醉气管插管和拔管的心血管应激反应,增加拔管安全性。基于此,我们选取近两年在我院行气管插管全身麻醉择期手术的61例病人进行分析,旨在为艾司洛尔减少全身麻醉气管插管和拔管的心血管反应提供理论依据。现作报道。
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重复测量方差分析结果显示,SBP、DBP、HR时间因素及时间因素和分组的交互作用均有统计学意义(P < 0.01);多重比较显示,T0时2组SBP、DBP、HR差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),2组病人T1时SBP、DBP、HR水平低于T0时(P < 0.05),T2、T3时SBP、DBP、HR水平高于T1时(P < 0.05),对照组T5、T6时SBP、DBP、HR水平高于T4时(P < 0.05),观察组仅T5时HR水平高于T4时(P < 0.05)。组间比较显示,观察组T2、T3时SBP、DBP、HR水平低于对照组(P < 0.05),T4时HR水平低于对照组(P < 0.05),T5、T6时DBP、HR水平低于对照组(P < 0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 时间 SBP/mmHg DBP/mmHg HR/(次/分) 对照组(n=31) 基础值 T0 125.19±17.57 72.07±8.47 74.87±6.44 气管插管各时点 T1 105.65±13.83* 62.47±12.87* 65.16±8.59* T2 138.55±12.08*# 88.96±9.51*# 88.04±10.74*# T3 136.41±11.06*# 89.60±6.21*# 85.62±9.76*# 气管拔管各时点 T4 131.54±19.12 78.66±10.88* 81.47±9.52* T5 154.72±23.38*☆ 96.77±17.4*☆ 93.95±14.37*☆ T6 149.39±24.85*☆ 95.45±16.89*☆ 89.14±13.60*☆ 观察组(n=30) 基础值 T0 123.07±22.06 71.66±7.92 72.54±6.65 气管插管各时点 T1 103.74±13.52* 61.84±11.37* 64.37±7.44* T2 119.6±12.36△# 73.37±7.50△# 71.54±6.87△# T3 116.4±10.11△# 69.01±8.34△# 69.51±7.64△# 气管拔管各时点 T4 124.79±18.63 76.57±10.76* 73.64±11.55△ T5 128.83±18.52 77.61±11.82*△ 81.90±11.31*△☆ T6 127.07±17.63 78.52±12.13*△ 76.17±12.59△ F时点 — 162.14 276.08 210.44 P时点 — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 F交互 — 28.19 43.71 21.90 P交互 — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 注:与组内T0时比较*P < 0.05;与同时点对照组比较△P < 0.05;气管插管各时点与组内T1时比较#P < 0.05;气管拔管各时点与组内T4时比较☆P < 0.05 表 1 2组病人各时点SBP、DBP、HR比较(x±s)
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重复测量方差分析结果显示,Ad、NA时间因素及时间因素和分组的交互作用均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);多重比较显示,观察组病人T3、T6时血浆Ad、NA水平均低于对照组(P < 0.05);对照组病人T3、T6时血浆Ad、NA水平均高于T0时(P < 0.05),观察组T0、T3、T6时血浆Ad、NA水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 时间 Ad NA 对照组(n=31) T0 101.29±13.01 156.35±47.60 T3 122.95±15.39* 186.84±36.34* T6 120.62±11.62* 179.90±44.34* 观察组(n=30) T0 100.96±10.70 154.69±50.23 T3 106.61±9.58△ 159.36±49.24△ T6 103.89±11.38△ 157.38±37.26△ F时点 — 58.06 24.08 P时点 — < 0.01 < 0.01 F交互 — 4.15 3.33 P交互 — < 0.05 < 0.05 注:与组内T0时比较*P < 0.05;与同时点对照组比较△P < 0.05 表 2 2组病人不同时点Ad、NA水平比较(x±s;pg/mL)
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对照组拔管期呛咳的发生率为77.42%,明显高于观察组的43.33%(P < 0.01),2组其他不良反应发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 3)。
分组 n 拔管期
呛咳拔管后
咽痛拔管后
嘶哑心动过速 心动过缓 低血压 对照组 31 24(77.42) 10(32.26) 1(3.23) 19(61.29) 4(12.90) 3(9.68) 观察组 30 13(43.33) 4(13.33) 1(3.33) 16(53.33) 5(16.67) 4(13.33) χ2 — 7.42 3.09 0.01 0.40 0.17 0.20 P — < 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 表 3 2组病人不良反应发生率比较[n;百分率(%)]
艾司洛尔预防全身麻醉病人气管插管及拔管引起心血管反应的效果分析
Analysis of the effects of esmolol in preventing cardiovascular reaction caused by endotracheal intubation and extubation in general anesthesia patients
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摘要:
目的探究艾司洛尔对全身麻醉气管插管和拔管的心血管反应的影响。 方法前瞻性选取进行气管插管全身麻醉择期手术的61例病人作为研究对象,按照简单随机数字法分为对照组(n=31)和观察组(n=30),对照组给予常规全身麻醉,观察组在常规麻醉前后缓慢注射艾司洛尔1 mg/kg。分析2组病人麻醉前(T0)、气管插管前(T1)、气管插管后即刻(T2)、气管插管后3 min(T3)、拔管前(T4)、拔管后即刻(T5)、拔管后3 min(T6)7个时点的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及心率(HR)的变化,T0、T3、T6时血浆肾上腺素(Ad)和去甲肾上腺素(NA)水平变化,以及围手术期不良反应发生情况。 结果重复测量方差分析结果显示,SBP、DBP、HR时间因素及时间因素和分组的交互作用均有统计学意义(P < 0.01);事后多重比较显示,2组病人T1时SBP、DBP、HR水平低于T0时(P < 0.05),T2、T3时SBP、DBP、HR水平高于T1时(P < 0.05),对照组T5、T6时SBP、DBP、HR水平高于T4时(P < 0.05),观察组仅T5时HR水平高于T4时(P < 0.05)。组间比较显示,观察组T2、T3时SBP、DBP、HR水平低于对照组(P < 0.05),T4时HR水平低于对照组(P < 0.05),T5、T6时DBP、HR水平低于对照组(P < 0.05)。重复测量方差分析结果显示,Ad、NA时间因素及时间因素和分组的交互作用均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);事后多重比较显示,观察组病人T3、T6时血浆Ad、NA水平均低于对照组(P < 0.05);对照组病人T3、T6时刻血浆Ad、NA水平明显高于T0时(P < 0.05),观察组T0、T3、T6时血浆Ad、NA水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组拔管期呛咳的发生率为77.42%,明显高于观察组的43.33%(P < 0.01)。 结论艾司洛尔可有效减轻全身麻醉气管插管和拔管的心血管反应,且安全性较好,值得临床推广。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of esmolol on cardiovascular reaction caused by endotracheal intubation and extubation in general anesthesia patients. MethodsSixty-one patients scheduled by operation with endotracheal intubation were divided into the control group(31 cases) and observation group(30 cases) according to simple random number method.The control group was treated with routine general anesthesia, and the observation group was slowly injected with l mg/kg of esmolol before and after conventional anesthesia.The systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP) and heart rate(HR) before anesthesia(T0), before endotracheal intubation(T1), immediately after endotracheal intubation(T2), after endotracheal intubation(T3), before extubation(T3), immediately after extubation(T5) and after 3 min of extubation(T6) were analyzed in two groups.The serum levels of epinephrine(Ad) and norepinephrine(NA) at T0, T3 and T6, and occurrence of perioperative adverse reactions were detected in two groups. ResultsThe results of repeated measurement ANOVA showed that the differences of the interaction of SBP, DBP and HR at time factor, and time factor and grouping were statistically significant(P < 0.01).The results of multiple post-mortem comparisons showed that the levels of SBP, DBP and HR in two groups at T1 were lower than those at T0(P < 0.05), the levels of SBP, DBP and HR in two groups at T2 and T3 were higher than those at T1(P < 0.05), the levels of SBP, DBP and HR in control group at T5 and T6 were higher than those at T4(P < 0.05), and the level of HR in observation group at T5 was higher than that at T4(P < 0.05).The results of comparison among groups showed that the levels of SBP, DBP and HR in observation group at T2 and T3 were lower than those in control group(P < 0.05), the level of HR in observation group at T4 were lower than that in control group(P < 0.05), and the levels of DBP and HR in observation group at T5 and T6 were lower than those in control group(P < 0.05).The results of repeated measure ANOVA showed that the differences of the interaction of Ad and NA at time factor, and time factor and grouping were statistically significant(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The results of multiple post-mortem comparisons showed that the levels of Ad and NA in observation group at T3 and T6 were lower than those in control group(P < 0.05), the levels of Ad and NA in control group at T3 and T6 were significantly higher than those at T0(P < 0.05), and differences of the levels of Ad and NA in observation group among T0, T3 and T6 were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The incidence rate of cough during extubation in control group(77.42%) was significantly higher than that in observation group(43.33%)(P < 0.01). ConclusionsEsmolol can effectively relieve the cardiovascular response caused by tracheal intubation and extubation under general anesthesia, has good safety, and is worthy of clinical popularization. -
表 1 2组病人各时点SBP、DBP、HR比较(x±s)
分组 时间 SBP/mmHg DBP/mmHg HR/(次/分) 对照组(n=31) 基础值 T0 125.19±17.57 72.07±8.47 74.87±6.44 气管插管各时点 T1 105.65±13.83* 62.47±12.87* 65.16±8.59* T2 138.55±12.08*# 88.96±9.51*# 88.04±10.74*# T3 136.41±11.06*# 89.60±6.21*# 85.62±9.76*# 气管拔管各时点 T4 131.54±19.12 78.66±10.88* 81.47±9.52* T5 154.72±23.38*☆ 96.77±17.4*☆ 93.95±14.37*☆ T6 149.39±24.85*☆ 95.45±16.89*☆ 89.14±13.60*☆ 观察组(n=30) 基础值 T0 123.07±22.06 71.66±7.92 72.54±6.65 气管插管各时点 T1 103.74±13.52* 61.84±11.37* 64.37±7.44* T2 119.6±12.36△# 73.37±7.50△# 71.54±6.87△# T3 116.4±10.11△# 69.01±8.34△# 69.51±7.64△# 气管拔管各时点 T4 124.79±18.63 76.57±10.76* 73.64±11.55△ T5 128.83±18.52 77.61±11.82*△ 81.90±11.31*△☆ T6 127.07±17.63 78.52±12.13*△ 76.17±12.59△ F时点 — 162.14 276.08 210.44 P时点 — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 F交互 — 28.19 43.71 21.90 P交互 — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 注:与组内T0时比较*P < 0.05;与同时点对照组比较△P < 0.05;气管插管各时点与组内T1时比较#P < 0.05;气管拔管各时点与组内T4时比较☆P < 0.05 表 2 2组病人不同时点Ad、NA水平比较(x±s;pg/mL)
分组 时间 Ad NA 对照组(n=31) T0 101.29±13.01 156.35±47.60 T3 122.95±15.39* 186.84±36.34* T6 120.62±11.62* 179.90±44.34* 观察组(n=30) T0 100.96±10.70 154.69±50.23 T3 106.61±9.58△ 159.36±49.24△ T6 103.89±11.38△ 157.38±37.26△ F时点 — 58.06 24.08 P时点 — < 0.01 < 0.01 F交互 — 4.15 3.33 P交互 — < 0.05 < 0.05 注:与组内T0时比较*P < 0.05;与同时点对照组比较△P < 0.05 表 3 2组病人不良反应发生率比较[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n 拔管期
呛咳拔管后
咽痛拔管后
嘶哑心动过速 心动过缓 低血压 对照组 31 24(77.42) 10(32.26) 1(3.23) 19(61.29) 4(12.90) 3(9.68) 观察组 30 13(43.33) 4(13.33) 1(3.33) 16(53.33) 5(16.67) 4(13.33) χ2 — 7.42 3.09 0.01 0.40 0.17 0.20 P — < 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 -
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