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鼻咽癌是我国东南地区发病率较高的恶性肿瘤之一,有研究[1-2]显示中国目前鼻咽癌的发病率和死亡率仍处于世界较高水平,由于鼻咽癌病人在接受放化疗治疗后,预后较差,易复发等原因,导致部分鼻咽癌病人的5年存活率不高[3-6]。因此,为了提高鼻咽癌治疗效果,寻找新的治疗策略以提高鼻咽癌病人的生存率值得研究。糖酵解抑制剂3-溴丙酮酸(3-bromopyruvate,3-BrPA)是一种小分子强烷化剂,研究[7-9]表明3-BrPA具有良好的体外抗肿瘤作用,能有效抑制肝癌、胰腺癌和胃癌的生长。本课题组前期研究[10-12]发现,3-BrPA能促进鼻咽癌、乳腺癌细胞的凋亡以及增强肝癌细胞对顺铂的敏感性。研究[13-14]显示,抑制肿瘤细胞糖酵解过程,使其能量大量缺失能够增强抗癌药物的疗效。本课题组前期在肝癌细胞中对3-BrPA的增敏作用进行了初步探讨,但3-BrPA能否在不同肿瘤细胞中发挥良好的化疗药物增敏作用仍需继续探索,在鼻咽癌细胞中,3-BrPA对顺铂诱导的鼻咽癌细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制有待进一步探究。因此,本研究以人鼻咽癌细胞HNE1为研究对象,探讨3-BrPA对顺铂诱导的鼻咽癌细胞凋亡的敏感性及其作用机制,以期为鼻咽癌的临床治疗提供参考依据。
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3-BrPA(20、40、80、160、320 μmol/L)、顺铂(2、4、8、16、32 μmol/L)以及80 μmol/L 3-BrPA联合不同浓度顺铂(2、4、8、16、32 μmol/L)都能明显抑制HNE1细胞的体外增殖活性,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)(见表 1、2)。
分组 存活率/% F P MS组内 24 h 48 h 72 h 顺铂/(μmol/L) 0 100.0±1.9 100.0±1.1 100.0±1.4 0.00 >0.05 2.239 2 93.9±1.2** 85.5±1.1** 73.6±1.1** 240.62 < 0.01 1.293 4 85.2±1.2** 65.7±1.4** 56.2±1.3** 383.13 < 0.01 1.718 8 74.4±1.3** 51.4±1.4** 37.2±1.4** 545.40 < 0.01 1.938 16 59.3±1.4** 39.5±1.8** 24.0±1.3** 394.72 < 0.01 2.376 32 39.5±1.4** 26.5±1.4** 11.0±1.2** 327.77 < 0.01 1.858 3-BrPA/(μmol/L) 0 100.0±2.0 100.0±1.1 100.0±1.4 0.00 >0.05 2.482 20 91.9±1.6** 85.2±2.0** 79.3±1.0** 46.02 < 0.01 2.578 40 85.7±1.3** 75.5±2.1** 68.1±1.4** 88.31 < 0.01 2.639 80 75.1±1.3** 59.0±1.2** 46.1±2.2** 245.14 < 0.01 2.571 160 51.3±2.5** 35.2±2.0** 20.5±2.1** 148.23 < 0.01 4.804 320 31.0±1.9** 20.1±1.2** 11.4±1.8** 100.36 < 0.01 2.867 q检验:与相应0 μmol/L组比较**P < 0.01 表 1 3-BrPA、顺铂对HNE1细胞增殖的影响(ni=3;x±s)
分组 存活率/% F P MS组内 对照组 100.0±1.6 80 μmol/L 3-BrPA+顺铂/(μmol/L) 2 59.0±2.2** 4 48.0±2.0** 8 37.1±2.3** 537.58 < 0.01 5.070 16 30.0±3.1** 32 12.3±1.9** q检验:与对照组比较**P < 0.01 表 2 3-BrPA联用顺铂对HNE1细胞增殖的影响(ni=3;x±s)
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3-BrPA+顺铂组细胞集落数明显低于3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组(P < 0.01);3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组细胞集落数明显低于对照组(P < 0.01)(见图 1、表 3)。
分组 集落数 F P MS组内 对照组 438.0±5.3 3-BrPA 275.7±6.4** 3 236.16 < 0.01 22.167 顺铂 192.0±3.6** 3-BrPA+顺铂 69.7±2.5**##¤¤ q检验:与对照组比较**P < 0.01;与3-BrPA组比较##P < 0.01;与顺铂组比较¤¤P < 0.01 表 3 3-BrPA、顺铂及二者联用对HNE1细胞集落形成能力的影响(ni=3;x±s)
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3-BrPA联用顺铂处理细胞24 h,与3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组相比,红色荧光向绿色荧光转变明显(见图 2)。
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3-BrPA联用顺铂处理细胞24 h,与3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组相比,核碎裂及核固缩明显增多(见图 3)。
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3-BrPA联用顺铂处理HNE1细胞24 h,细胞凋亡率明显高于3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组(P < 0.01);3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组(P < 0.01)(见图 4、表 4)。
分组 细胞凋亡率/% F P MS组内 对照组 6.0±0.2 3-BrPA 15.6±0.3** 977.59 < 0.01 0.589 顺铂 14.6±0.6** 3-BrPA+顺铂 38.4±1.4**##¤¤ q检验:与对照组比较**P < 0.01;与3-BrPA组比较##P < 0.01;与顺铂组比较¤¤P < 0.01 表 4 3-BrPA、顺铂及二者联用对HNE1细胞凋亡的影响(ni=3;x±s)
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3-BrPA联用顺铂处理细胞24 h,细胞内ATP水平明显低于3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组,3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组明显低于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 5)。
分组 ATP水平/% F P MS组内 对照组 100.0±4.1 3-BrPA 71.0±2.7** 190.14 < 0.01 9.655 顺铂 86.8±2.1** 3-BrPA+顺铂 42.5±3.2**##¤¤ q检验:与对照组比较**P < 0.01;与3-BrPA组比较##P < 0.01;与顺铂组比较¤¤P < 0.01 表 5 3-BrPA、顺铂及二者联用对HNE1细胞ATP水平的影响(ni=3;x±s)
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与对照组和3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组相比,3-BrPA+顺铂组抗凋亡蛋白Mcl-1和Bcl-2蛋白表达下调,促凋亡蛋白Bax和Bak蛋白表达上调,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见图 5、表 6)。
分组 相对表达量 Bcl-2 Mcl-1 Bax Bak 对照组 0.98±0.05 1.02±0.04 0.39±0.07 0.24±0.05 3-BrPA 0.73±0.01** 0.63±0.05** 0.75±0.04** 0.58±0.03* 顺铂 0.66±0.04** 0.70±0.06** 0.79±0.07** 0.74±0.04** 3-BrPA+顺铂 0.47±0.03**##¤¤ 0.21±0.02**##¤¤ 0.97±0.02**##¤ 1.01±0.02**##¤¤ F 99.51 166.75 61.28 206.08 P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.002 q检验:与对照组比较*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01;与3-BrPA组比较##P < 0.01;与顺铂组比较¤P < 0.05,¤¤P < 0.01 表 6 3-BrPA、顺铂及二者联用对HNE1细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响(ni=3;x±s)
3-溴丙酮酸增强人鼻咽癌细胞对顺铂敏感性的作用及机制研究
Study on the effects of 3-bromopyruvate on the sensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to cisplatin and its mechanism
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摘要:
目的探讨3-溴丙酮酸(3-BrPA)增强人鼻咽癌细胞对顺铂敏感性的作用及作用机制。 方法MTT法检测3-BrPA和顺铂对鼻咽癌HNE1细胞增殖的影响。集落克隆形成实验观察3-BrPA和顺铂对HNE1细胞克隆形成能力的影响。线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒分析细胞早期凋亡情况。DAPI荧光染色法检测细胞核形态变化。AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡率的变化。ATP检测试剂盒测定细胞内ATP水平的变化。Western blotting检测Bcl-2、Bax、Mcl-1、Bak蛋白的表达。 结果3-BrPA(20、40、80、160、320 μmol/L)、顺铂(2、4、8、16、32 μmol/L)以及80 μmol/L 3-BrPA联合不同浓度顺铂都能明显抑制HNE1细胞的体外增殖活性,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。8 μmol/L 3-BrPA+0.8 μmol/L顺铂组细胞集落数明显低于3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组及对照组(P < 0.01)。80 μmol/L 3-BrPA+8 μmol/L顺铂组细胞红色荧光向绿色荧光转变明显;细胞核碎裂及核固缩明显增加;细胞凋亡率明显高于3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组及对照组(P < 0.01);细胞内ATP水平明显低于3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组及对照组(P < 0.01);Bcl-2、Mcl-1蛋白的表达降低,Bax、Bak蛋白的表达增高,与3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组及对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。 结论3-BrPA能诱导HNE1细胞凋亡,并能增强HNE1细胞对顺铂的敏感性,其机制可能与降低细胞内ATP水平以及下调Mcl-1和Bcl-2表达、上调Bak和Bax蛋白的表达有关。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) on enhancing the sensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to cisplatin and its mechanism. MethodsThe effects of 3-BrPA and cisplatin on the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE1 cells were detected by MTT assay.The effects of 3-BrPA and cisplatin on the colony forming ability of HNE1 cells were observed using colony formation assay.The early apoptosis was analyzed by mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit.The nuclear morphological changes were detected by DAPI fluorescence staining.The apoptosis rate was detected by Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI double staining.The changes of intracellular ATP level were measured by ATP detection kit.The protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Mcl-1 and Bak were analyzed by Western blotting. Results3-BrPA (20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 μmol/L), cisplatin (2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 μmol/L) and 80 μmol/L 3-BrPA combined with different concentrations of cisplatin significantly inhibited the proliferation of HNE1 cells in vitro, which was statistically significant compared with control group (P < 0.01).The combination of 8 μmol/L 3-BrPA and 0.8 μmol/L cisplatin significantly decreased the colony formation of HNE1 cells compared with that of 3-BrPA or cisplatin alone and control group (P < 0.01).The transformation of red fluorescence to green fluorescence was obvious, and nuclear fragmentation and nuclear pyknosis increased significantly in 80 μmol/L 3-BrPA combined with 8 μmol/L cisplatin group.The apoptosis rate and intracellular ATP level in 80 μmol/L 3-BrPA combined with 8 μmol/L cisplatin group were significantly higher and lower than those in 3-BrPA or cisplatin alone group and control group, respectively (P < 0.01).The expression levels of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 protein were significantly downregulated, and the expression levels of Bax and Bak protein were significantly upregulated in 80 μmol/L 3-BrPA combined with 8 μmol/L cisplatin group, which was statistically significant compared with 3-BrPA or cisplatin alone group and control group (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). Conclusions3-BrPA can induce apoptosis in HNE1 cells and enhance the sensitivity of HNE1 cells to cisplatin.The mechanism of which may be related to the decrease of intracellular ATP level, down-regulation of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 protein, and up-regulation of Bak and Bax protein. -
Key words:
- nasopharyngeal neoplasms /
- 3-bromopyruvate /
- apoptosis
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表 1 3-BrPA、顺铂对HNE1细胞增殖的影响(ni=3;x±s)
分组 存活率/% F P MS组内 24 h 48 h 72 h 顺铂/(μmol/L) 0 100.0±1.9 100.0±1.1 100.0±1.4 0.00 >0.05 2.239 2 93.9±1.2** 85.5±1.1** 73.6±1.1** 240.62 < 0.01 1.293 4 85.2±1.2** 65.7±1.4** 56.2±1.3** 383.13 < 0.01 1.718 8 74.4±1.3** 51.4±1.4** 37.2±1.4** 545.40 < 0.01 1.938 16 59.3±1.4** 39.5±1.8** 24.0±1.3** 394.72 < 0.01 2.376 32 39.5±1.4** 26.5±1.4** 11.0±1.2** 327.77 < 0.01 1.858 3-BrPA/(μmol/L) 0 100.0±2.0 100.0±1.1 100.0±1.4 0.00 >0.05 2.482 20 91.9±1.6** 85.2±2.0** 79.3±1.0** 46.02 < 0.01 2.578 40 85.7±1.3** 75.5±2.1** 68.1±1.4** 88.31 < 0.01 2.639 80 75.1±1.3** 59.0±1.2** 46.1±2.2** 245.14 < 0.01 2.571 160 51.3±2.5** 35.2±2.0** 20.5±2.1** 148.23 < 0.01 4.804 320 31.0±1.9** 20.1±1.2** 11.4±1.8** 100.36 < 0.01 2.867 q检验:与相应0 μmol/L组比较**P < 0.01 表 2 3-BrPA联用顺铂对HNE1细胞增殖的影响(ni=3;x±s)
分组 存活率/% F P MS组内 对照组 100.0±1.6 80 μmol/L 3-BrPA+顺铂/(μmol/L) 2 59.0±2.2** 4 48.0±2.0** 8 37.1±2.3** 537.58 < 0.01 5.070 16 30.0±3.1** 32 12.3±1.9** q检验:与对照组比较**P < 0.01 表 3 3-BrPA、顺铂及二者联用对HNE1细胞集落形成能力的影响(ni=3;x±s)
分组 集落数 F P MS组内 对照组 438.0±5.3 3-BrPA 275.7±6.4** 3 236.16 < 0.01 22.167 顺铂 192.0±3.6** 3-BrPA+顺铂 69.7±2.5**##¤¤ q检验:与对照组比较**P < 0.01;与3-BrPA组比较##P < 0.01;与顺铂组比较¤¤P < 0.01 表 4 3-BrPA、顺铂及二者联用对HNE1细胞凋亡的影响(ni=3;x±s)
分组 细胞凋亡率/% F P MS组内 对照组 6.0±0.2 3-BrPA 15.6±0.3** 977.59 < 0.01 0.589 顺铂 14.6±0.6** 3-BrPA+顺铂 38.4±1.4**##¤¤ q检验:与对照组比较**P < 0.01;与3-BrPA组比较##P < 0.01;与顺铂组比较¤¤P < 0.01 表 5 3-BrPA、顺铂及二者联用对HNE1细胞ATP水平的影响(ni=3;x±s)
分组 ATP水平/% F P MS组内 对照组 100.0±4.1 3-BrPA 71.0±2.7** 190.14 < 0.01 9.655 顺铂 86.8±2.1** 3-BrPA+顺铂 42.5±3.2**##¤¤ q检验:与对照组比较**P < 0.01;与3-BrPA组比较##P < 0.01;与顺铂组比较¤¤P < 0.01 表 6 3-BrPA、顺铂及二者联用对HNE1细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响(ni=3;x±s)
分组 相对表达量 Bcl-2 Mcl-1 Bax Bak 对照组 0.98±0.05 1.02±0.04 0.39±0.07 0.24±0.05 3-BrPA 0.73±0.01** 0.63±0.05** 0.75±0.04** 0.58±0.03* 顺铂 0.66±0.04** 0.70±0.06** 0.79±0.07** 0.74±0.04** 3-BrPA+顺铂 0.47±0.03**##¤¤ 0.21±0.02**##¤¤ 0.97±0.02**##¤ 1.01±0.02**##¤¤ F 99.51 166.75 61.28 206.08 P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.002 q检验:与对照组比较*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01;与3-BrPA组比较##P < 0.01;与顺铂组比较¤P < 0.05,¤¤P < 0.01 -
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