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全球每年新增食管癌病例约46万,死亡约40万,其死亡率居各种恶性肿瘤前列[1]。在我国食管癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其中约90%的病例为食管鳞状细胞癌。尽管近几十年来各种新技术、新方法不断发展,但食管癌病人总的生存时间并没有明显提高,术后转移和复发是其主要原因。含WW结构域的氧化还原酶(WW domain-containing oxidoreductase,WWOX)是一种抑癌基因,该基因位于人染色体16q23.216q24.1。WWOX基因表达异常在多种肿瘤中均可出现,主要为杂合性缺失和甲基化[2]。细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1(extracellular signal regulated protein kinase 1,ERK1)是调节细胞生长、增殖及分裂信号网络的关键分子,其通过磷酸化激活后可以从细胞质转到细胞核,并通过诱导其上下游多种相关基因表达,从而促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、浸润和转移[3]。本研究主要通过免疫组织化学EliVisionTM plus法检测150例食管鳞状细胞癌(esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC)病人肿瘤组织中WWOX和ERK1蛋白的表达,分析其与ESCC病人临床病理各参数之间的关系。现作报道。
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ESCC组WWOX和ERK1蛋白的阳性表达率分别为46.0%(69/150)和58.7%(88/150),与对照组的85.0%(68/80)和42.5%(34/80)差异均有统计学意义(χ2=32.96、5.47,P < 0.05)(见图 1)。Spearman相关分析显示,ESCC组织中WWOX表达与ERK1表达呈明显负相关关系(r=-0.420,P < 0.01)。
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WWOX蛋白阳性率在不同TNM分期、组织浸润深度和有无淋巴结转移的ESCC病人间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);ERK1蛋白阳性率在不同组织分化程度、浸润深度、TNM分期和和有无淋巴结转移的ESCC病人间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
临床参数 WWOX χ2 P ERK1 χ2 P 阴性 阳性 阴性 阳性 性别 男 59 53 0.31 >0.05 49 63 1.07 >0.05 女 22 16 13 25 年龄/岁 < 60 32 32 0.72 >0.05 22 42 2.23 >0.05 ≥60 49 37 40 46 肿瘤位置 上段 4 5 5 4 中段 55 50 1.18 >0.05 38 67 3.84 >0.05 下段 22 14 19 17 肿瘤大小/cm ≤3.0 30 21 0.72 >0.05 26 25 2.97 >0.05 >3.0 51 48 36 63 分化程度 高分化 18 16 20 14 中分化 43 40 0.76 >0.05 36 47 11.73 < 0.01 低分化 20 13 6 27 浸润深度 黏膜下层 5 11 11 5 肌层 23 31 11.02 < 0.05 33 21 27.83 < 0.01 外膜层 42 21 14 46 邻近组织 11 6 1 16 淋巴结转移 无 33 55 23.34 < 0.01 52 36 27.69 < 0.01 有 48 14 10 52 TNM分期/期 Ⅰ~Ⅱ 31 49 16.05 < 0.01 47 33 21.45 < 0.01 Ⅲ~Ⅳ 50 0 15 55 WWOX表达 阴性 — — — — 18 63 26.52 < 0.01 阳性 — — 44 25 表 1 不同临床病理参数ESCC病人的WWOX和ERK1蛋白表达比较(n)
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将ESCC病人的年龄、性别、肿瘤长径、肿瘤位置、分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、浸润深度、WWOX表达、ERK1表达等因素纳入COX多因素模型进行分析,结果显示,WWOX和ERK1蛋白阳性表达和TNM分期是影响ESCC病人生存的独立预后因素(P<0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 2)。
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR(95%CI) WWOX表达 -0.461 0.227 4.115 < 0.05 0.630(0.404~0.985) ERK1表达 1.033 0.271 14.566 < 0.01 2.809(1.653~4.778) TNM分期 1.924 0.376 26.168 < 0.01 60.848(3.276~14.307) 表 2 ESCC病人生存预后的COX多因素分析
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本组病例总的5年生存率为26.7%(40/150)。WWOX蛋白阳性组与阴性组的中位生存时间分别为56.0(35.0,72.0)个月和28.0(18.0,54.5)个月,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.92,P < 0.05);ERK1蛋白阳性组与阴性组的中位生存时间分别为29.5(19.0,51.3)个月和56.5(38.0,74.3)个月,差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.27,P>0.05)。
WWOX与ERK1在食管鳞状细胞癌中表达及其临床病理意义
Expression levels of WWOX and ERK1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and their clinicopathologic significance
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摘要:
目的检测食管鳞状细胞癌(esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC)中含WW结构域的氧化还原酶(WW domain-containing oxidoreductase,WWOX)蛋白和细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1(extracellular signal regulated protein kinase 1,ERK1)表达及其与ESCC病人临床病理参数的相关性。 方法采用免疫组织化学EliVisionTM plus法检测150例ESCC和80例正常食管黏膜组织(对照组)中WWOX和ERK1蛋白的表达情况。 结果ESCC组织中WWOX和ERK1蛋白的阳性表达率分别为46.0%和58.7%;对照组中WWOX和ERK1蛋白的阳性率分别为85.0%和42.5%,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。ESCC组织中WWOX蛋白阳性率与ERK1蛋白阳性率呈负相关关系(P < 0.01)。WWOX和ERK1蛋白阳性表达率在ESCC病人不同肿瘤组织浸润深度、TNM分期和是否淋巴结转移间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。生存分析显示,WWOX蛋白阳性表达病人的生存时间高于阴性者(P < 0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,WWOX和ERK1蛋白阳性表达及TNM分期是影响ESCC病人术后生存的独立影响因子(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。 结论WWOX和ERK1的异常表达参与了ESCC的发生、发展、浸润以及转移,早期联合检测WWOX和ERK1蛋白表达对ESCC的进展和预后判断有重要意义。 -
关键词:
- 食管鳞状细胞肿瘤 /
- 含WW结构域的氧化还原酶 /
- 细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the expression levels of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase(WWOX) and extracellular signal regulated protein kinase 1(ERK1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC), and their correlations with the clinical characteristics. MethodsThe expression levels of WWOX and ERK1 protein in 150 specimens of ESCC and 80 normal esophageal mucosa tissues were examined using EliVisionTM plus immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe positive rates of WWOX and ERK1 protein in ESCC tissues and normal esophageal tissues were 46.0% & 58.7% and 85.0% & 42.5%, respectively, and the differences of those between two groups were statistically significant(P < 0.05).The positive rate of WWOX protein expression was negatively correlated with the positive rate of ERK1 protein in ESCC tissues(P < 0.01).The differences of the positive expression rates of WWOX and ERK1 protein in ESCC patients with different tumor tissue invasion depth, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis were statistically significant(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The results of survival analysis showed that the survival time of patients with positive WWOX expression was higher than that of patients with negative WWOX expression(P < 0.05).The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that the positive WWOX and ERK1 protein expression and TNM stage were the independent influencing factors of postoperative survival of ESCC patients(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). ConclusionsThe abnormal expression of WWOX and ERK1 may be involved in the occurrence, progression and metastasis of ESCC.The combined detection of WWOX and ERK1 in early stage has an important role in predicting the progression and prognosis of ESCC. -
表 1 不同临床病理参数ESCC病人的WWOX和ERK1蛋白表达比较(n)
临床参数 WWOX χ2 P ERK1 χ2 P 阴性 阳性 阴性 阳性 性别 男 59 53 0.31 >0.05 49 63 1.07 >0.05 女 22 16 13 25 年龄/岁 < 60 32 32 0.72 >0.05 22 42 2.23 >0.05 ≥60 49 37 40 46 肿瘤位置 上段 4 5 5 4 中段 55 50 1.18 >0.05 38 67 3.84 >0.05 下段 22 14 19 17 肿瘤大小/cm ≤3.0 30 21 0.72 >0.05 26 25 2.97 >0.05 >3.0 51 48 36 63 分化程度 高分化 18 16 20 14 中分化 43 40 0.76 >0.05 36 47 11.73 < 0.01 低分化 20 13 6 27 浸润深度 黏膜下层 5 11 11 5 肌层 23 31 11.02 < 0.05 33 21 27.83 < 0.01 外膜层 42 21 14 46 邻近组织 11 6 1 16 淋巴结转移 无 33 55 23.34 < 0.01 52 36 27.69 < 0.01 有 48 14 10 52 TNM分期/期 Ⅰ~Ⅱ 31 49 16.05 < 0.01 47 33 21.45 < 0.01 Ⅲ~Ⅳ 50 0 15 55 WWOX表达 阴性 — — — — 18 63 26.52 < 0.01 阳性 — — 44 25 表 2 ESCC病人生存预后的COX多因素分析
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR(95%CI) WWOX表达 -0.461 0.227 4.115 < 0.05 0.630(0.404~0.985) ERK1表达 1.033 0.271 14.566 < 0.01 2.809(1.653~4.778) TNM分期 1.924 0.376 26.168 < 0.01 60.848(3.276~14.307) -
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