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IgA肾病是我国最常见的原发性肾小球疾病,多发生于中青年人,但也会发生于儿童及老年人,临床多表现为血尿、蛋白尿、肾病综合征、高血压及肾功能不全,是终末期肾脏病常见病因。IgA肾病作为一种病理诊断,其病理特征是IgA为主的免疫球蛋白及补体成分沉积在肾小球系膜区,同时伴有系膜细胞及系膜基质增生和/或肾间质及肾血管的病理改变。而它作为一种免疫炎症介导的肾小球肾炎,并不是“单一”病因疾病,其发病机制复杂,现在普遍认为它的发病机制是一种“多重打击”学说[1],其中涉及IgA的肾小球损伤与补体系统的激活有关[2],目前有研究[3]证明肾小球系膜区补体C3的沉积程度与IgA肾病的病情相关,能够用于判断病情,评估预后。本文就补体C3沉积程度对IgA肾病的诊断及评估病情的价值作一探讨。
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根据系膜区补体C3沉积强度不同,分为阴性组、弱阳组和强阳组,3组病人分别为10例(23.3%)、13例(30.2%)和20例(46.5%),在阴性组、弱阳组和强阳组中,随组织C3沉积加重,病人血肌酐、尿素氮升高,eGFR降低,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。而在尿酸、24 h尿蛋白定量及镜下血尿、血脂、血压、血糖差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。行Pearson相关分析显示,补体C3强度与免疫球蛋白及补体(血清+系膜区沉积强度)数值变化相反,但两者无显著相关性(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
C3沉积 阴性组(n=10) 弱阳性组(n=13) 强阳性组(n=20) F P MS组内 镜下血尿/% 80.0 46.2 80.0 2.31△ >0.05 — 24h-UTP/(g/24 h) 2.17±2.91 3.02±2.98 2.69±1.42 0.13 >0.05 4.354 白蛋白/(g/L) 36.85±8.89 34.61±8.93 36.77±7.14 0.04 >0.05 60.192 肌酐/(μmol/L) 70.60±16.85 74.36±15.15* 74.78±27.70# 0.54 < 0.05 43.314 尿素氮/(mmol/L) 4.53±1.44 5.29±1.02* 7.36±4.73## 1.31 < 0.05 6.322 尿酸/(μmol/L) 307.20±94.79 326.36±74.62 409.68±128.67 0.63 >0.05 76.545 eGFR/[mL/(min·1.73 m2)] 103.91±24.08 100.33±26.08** 74.78±27.70# 1.12 < 0.01 64.723 胆固醇/(mmol/L) 5.44±2.51 5.85±2.62 4.89±1.73 0.60 >0.05 4.854 三酰甘油/(mmol/L) 2.27±1.20 1.83±1.20 1.68±0.85 2.16 >0.05 0.778 血清C3/(g/L) 0.98±0.25 0.95±0.12 0.85±0.21 1.55 >0.05 0.038 血糖/(mmol/L) 5.04±1.16 4.56±0.99 5.08±1.69 0.64 >0.05 1.752 收缩压/mmHg 133.10±28.78 118.08±18.32 127.50±12.19 1.51 >0.05 300.573 舒张压/mmHg 85.50±16.91 79.00±17.06 79.40±6.68 1.62 >0.05 103.701 △示χ2值。q检验:与阴性组比较*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01;与弱阳性组比较#P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 表 1 各临床指标在3组中比较(x±s)
免疫球蛋白+补体 血清浓度 免疫沉积C3 r P IgA 2.9±0.76 2.64±0.48 -0.062 >0.05 IgG 9.56±3.15 0.04±0.13 0.062 >0.05 IgM 1.19±0.59 0.94±0.32 -0.142 >0.05 血清C3 0.91±0.21 1.23±0.86 -0.257 >0.05 血清C4 0.26±0.09 0 -0.104 >0.05 表 2 补体C3沉积程度与血清免疫指标、余免疫荧光沉积强度的相关性
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根据系膜区C3补体沉积强度,3组Lee分级差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)(见表 3)。
Lee分级 阴性组(n=10) 弱阳性组(n=13) 强阳性组(n=20) uc P Ⅰ 1 0 1 Ⅱ 5 4 1 Ⅲ 2 5 8 0.48 < 0.01 Ⅳ 2 4 6 Ⅴ 0 0 4 表 3 Lee分级在3组中比较(n)
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根据牛津分类,可见补体C3沉积程度与系膜细胞增殖及毛细血管内皮细胞增生相关(P < 0.05)(见表 4)。
牛津分类 阴性组(n=10) 弱阳性组(n=13) 强阳性组(n=20) χ2 P M1 6(60.0) 11(84.6) 19(95.0) 6.00 < 0.05 E1 0(0.0) 5(38.5) 10(50.0) 7.44 < 0.05 S1 4(40.0) 2(15.4) 10(50.0) 4.08 >0.05 T1 2(20.0) 0(0.0) 5(25.0) 8.25 >0.05 T2 0(0.0) 1(9.1) 3(15.0) 6.00 >0.05 MEST≥3 2(20.0) 2(15.4) 9(45.0) 8.02 >0.05 表 4 牛津分类在3组中的比较[n;百分率(%)]
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系膜细胞增殖、球性硬化及肾小管间质积分(包括间质炎性细胞浸润、间质纤维化、肾小管萎缩)差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),而节段损害及血管积分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 5)。
病理积分 阴性组(n=10) 弱阳性组(n=13) 强阳性组(n=20) F P MS组内 肾小球个数 18.0±10.99 20.64±12.06 14.37±5.48 1.88 >0.05 85.073 肾小球积分/分 肾小球系膜细胞增殖 1.20±0.35 1.21±0.64 1.61±0.49 3.31 < 0.05 0.264 节段损害 1.0±1.41 1.14±1.17 1.53±0.90 2.917 >0.05 0.637 球性硬化 0.90±1.45 1.29±1.14 2.26±1.52 3.842 < 0.05 0.674 肾小管-间质积分/分 间质炎性 细胞浸润 0.70±0.82 0.93±0.62 1.47±0.84 1.719 < 0.05 0.506 间质纤维化 0.50±0.85 0.57±0.76 1.42±0.90 0.318 < 0.05 0.177 肾小管萎缩 0.70±0.82 0.93±0.62 1.42±0.90 1.875 < 0.05 0.504 血管积分/分 血管壁增厚 7(70.0) 8(61.5) 17(85.0) 2.41△ < 0.05 — 透明样变性 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 3(15.0) 3.71△ < 0.05 — △示χ2值 表 5 半定量病理积分在3组中的比较(x±s)
免疫沉积C3与IgA肾病临床病理特征的关系
Relationship between the immuno-deposition of C3 and clinicopathological features of IgA nephropathy
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摘要:
目的分析肾小球系膜区补体C3沉积在IgA肾病发病及进展中的意义,为疾病诊断、病情监测及判断预后提供依据。 方法回顾性分析IgA肾病病人的临床及病理学检查指标,按照系膜区C3沉积强度进行分组,(-)为阴性组,(±~+)为弱阳性组,(2+~3+)为强阳性组,并对相应指标行统计学分析。 结果按照补体C3沉积强度分类,3组分别为10例(23.3%)、13例(30.2%)和20例(46.5%),随组织C3沉积加重,血肌酐、尿素氮升高,eGFR降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。而在尿酸、24h尿蛋白定量及镜下血尿、血脂、血压、血糖差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关分析,补体C3强度与血清C3数值变化相反,但两者无显著相关性(P>0.05)。肾组织C3免疫荧光沉积强度与病理损害相关,在病理分级(Lee分级)方面,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与系膜细胞增殖及毛细血管内皮细胞增生、球性硬化及肾小管间质病变(包括间质炎性细胞浸润、间质纤维化、肾小管萎缩)差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论IgA肾病病人肾小球系膜区C3沉积的程度与血肌酐、尿素氮、eGFR及病理损害相关,可作为IgA肾病病情监测及判断预后的指标。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the significance of complement C3 deposition in the mesangial region of glomeruli in IgA nephropathy pathogenesis and progression, so as to provide the basis for disease diagnosis, condition monitoring and prognosis judgment. MethodsThe clinical and pathological examination indexes in patients with IgA nephropathy were retrospectively analyzed.According to the intensity of C3 deposition in the mesangial area, the patients were divided into the negative group[(-)], weak positive group[(±to +)] and strong positive group[(2+ to 3+)], and the corresponding indicators were statistically analyzed. ResultsAccording to the classification of complement C3 deposition intensity, 10 cases(23.3%) in the negative group, 13 cases(30.2%) in weak positive group and 20 cases(46.5%) in strong positive group were identified.With the aggravation of tissue C3 deposition, the blood creatinine and urea nitrogen increased, the eGFR decreased, and the difference of which was statistically significant(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).However, the differences of the uric acid, 24 h urine protein quantification and microscopic haematuria, blood lipid, blood pressure and blood glucose were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the intensity of complement C3 was opposite to the value of serum C3, but there was no statistical significance between them(P>0.05).The intensity of C3 immunofluorescence deposition in renal tissue was correlated with the pathological damage, but the difference of pathological grading(Lee grading) was not statistically significant(P>0.05), and the differences of intensity of C3 immunofluorescence deposition in renal tissue among the different mesangial cell proliferation, capillary endothelial cell proliferation, globular sclerosis, and renal tubular interstitial lesions(including interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial fibrosis and renal tubular atrophy) were statistically significant(P < 0.05). ConclusionsThe intensity of C3 deposition in the mesangial region of glomeruli in patients with IgA nephropathy is related to the serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, eGFR and pathological damage, and which may be used as an indicator to monitor and predict the prognosis of IgA nephropathy. -
Key words:
- IgA nephropathy /
- C3 /
- clinical indicator /
- pathological indicator
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表 1 各临床指标在3组中比较(x±s)
C3沉积 阴性组(n=10) 弱阳性组(n=13) 强阳性组(n=20) F P MS组内 镜下血尿/% 80.0 46.2 80.0 2.31△ >0.05 — 24h-UTP/(g/24 h) 2.17±2.91 3.02±2.98 2.69±1.42 0.13 >0.05 4.354 白蛋白/(g/L) 36.85±8.89 34.61±8.93 36.77±7.14 0.04 >0.05 60.192 肌酐/(μmol/L) 70.60±16.85 74.36±15.15* 74.78±27.70# 0.54 < 0.05 43.314 尿素氮/(mmol/L) 4.53±1.44 5.29±1.02* 7.36±4.73## 1.31 < 0.05 6.322 尿酸/(μmol/L) 307.20±94.79 326.36±74.62 409.68±128.67 0.63 >0.05 76.545 eGFR/[mL/(min·1.73 m2)] 103.91±24.08 100.33±26.08** 74.78±27.70# 1.12 < 0.01 64.723 胆固醇/(mmol/L) 5.44±2.51 5.85±2.62 4.89±1.73 0.60 >0.05 4.854 三酰甘油/(mmol/L) 2.27±1.20 1.83±1.20 1.68±0.85 2.16 >0.05 0.778 血清C3/(g/L) 0.98±0.25 0.95±0.12 0.85±0.21 1.55 >0.05 0.038 血糖/(mmol/L) 5.04±1.16 4.56±0.99 5.08±1.69 0.64 >0.05 1.752 收缩压/mmHg 133.10±28.78 118.08±18.32 127.50±12.19 1.51 >0.05 300.573 舒张压/mmHg 85.50±16.91 79.00±17.06 79.40±6.68 1.62 >0.05 103.701 △示χ2值。q检验:与阴性组比较*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01;与弱阳性组比较#P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 表 2 补体C3沉积程度与血清免疫指标、余免疫荧光沉积强度的相关性
免疫球蛋白+补体 血清浓度 免疫沉积C3 r P IgA 2.9±0.76 2.64±0.48 -0.062 >0.05 IgG 9.56±3.15 0.04±0.13 0.062 >0.05 IgM 1.19±0.59 0.94±0.32 -0.142 >0.05 血清C3 0.91±0.21 1.23±0.86 -0.257 >0.05 血清C4 0.26±0.09 0 -0.104 >0.05 表 3 Lee分级在3组中比较(n)
Lee分级 阴性组(n=10) 弱阳性组(n=13) 强阳性组(n=20) uc P Ⅰ 1 0 1 Ⅱ 5 4 1 Ⅲ 2 5 8 0.48 < 0.01 Ⅳ 2 4 6 Ⅴ 0 0 4 表 4 牛津分类在3组中的比较[n;百分率(%)]
牛津分类 阴性组(n=10) 弱阳性组(n=13) 强阳性组(n=20) χ2 P M1 6(60.0) 11(84.6) 19(95.0) 6.00 < 0.05 E1 0(0.0) 5(38.5) 10(50.0) 7.44 < 0.05 S1 4(40.0) 2(15.4) 10(50.0) 4.08 >0.05 T1 2(20.0) 0(0.0) 5(25.0) 8.25 >0.05 T2 0(0.0) 1(9.1) 3(15.0) 6.00 >0.05 MEST≥3 2(20.0) 2(15.4) 9(45.0) 8.02 >0.05 表 5 半定量病理积分在3组中的比较(x±s)
病理积分 阴性组(n=10) 弱阳性组(n=13) 强阳性组(n=20) F P MS组内 肾小球个数 18.0±10.99 20.64±12.06 14.37±5.48 1.88 >0.05 85.073 肾小球积分/分 肾小球系膜细胞增殖 1.20±0.35 1.21±0.64 1.61±0.49 3.31 < 0.05 0.264 节段损害 1.0±1.41 1.14±1.17 1.53±0.90 2.917 >0.05 0.637 球性硬化 0.90±1.45 1.29±1.14 2.26±1.52 3.842 < 0.05 0.674 肾小管-间质积分/分 间质炎性 细胞浸润 0.70±0.82 0.93±0.62 1.47±0.84 1.719 < 0.05 0.506 间质纤维化 0.50±0.85 0.57±0.76 1.42±0.90 0.318 < 0.05 0.177 肾小管萎缩 0.70±0.82 0.93±0.62 1.42±0.90 1.875 < 0.05 0.504 血管积分/分 血管壁增厚 7(70.0) 8(61.5) 17(85.0) 2.41△ < 0.05 — 透明样变性 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 3(15.0) 3.71△ < 0.05 — △示χ2值 -
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