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前列腺癌是全球男性中第二大最常见的恶性肿瘤,近年来发病率有所上升[1]。尽管医疗保健水平和主动筛查技术有所提高,但前列腺癌患病率仍在继续增加[2]。1992年,SCHUESSLER等[3]首次引入了一种微创技术,即传统的腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术。在过去十余年中,特别是在亚洲,微创腔镜技术和机器人辅助腔镜技术获得显著的青睐,此外,随着仪器精度和技术水平的不断提高,使得微创手术操作更加容易。这些都显著提高了前列腺癌病人的手术治疗效果(如缩短手术时间、减少术中失血量、降低输血率、降低相邻器官损伤率[4-7]、获得良好的肿瘤学结果[4, 8]和功能结果[8-9])。
然而,在泌尿外科实践中常使用经腹和经腹膜外两种入路方式进行腔镜根治性前列腺切除术。这两种方法都被认为是有效和安全的技术[10-11]。但是,近年来,经腹膜外腔镜根治性前列腺切除术在功效和安全性方面是否优于经腹入路已成为争议的话题。为深入探究这一争议,本研究对在我院进行经腹与经腹膜外入路腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术治疗的50例病人的结局指标(如术前数据、手术时间、术中失血量、引流管拔除时间、完全经口饮食时间、标本切缘阳性率、围手术期并发症率)进行比较,评估我院经腹与经腹膜外入路的腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术的临床疗效及优越性。现作报道。
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2组病人年龄、BMI、PSA水平、活检Gleason评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 n 年龄/岁 BMI/(kg/m2) PSA/ (ng/mL) 活检Gleason评分/分 经腹组 29 67.03±4.76 25.81±3.07 13.24±3.74 6.89±0.58 腹膜外组 21 67.19±6.97 24.38±2.88 13.77±4.28 6.85±0.36 t — 1.11 1.67 0.47 0.30* P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 *示t′值 表 1 2组病人一般资料比较(x±s)
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2组术中及术后的输血率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腹膜外组较经腹组的手术时间、术中失血量、完全经口饮食的时间、引流管拔除时间和住院时间减少(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。经腹组术后拔出尿管后即刻控尿率低于腹膜外组(P < 0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n 手术时间/min 术中失血量/mL 术中输血[n; 百分率(%)] 术后输血[n; 百分率(%)] 完全口服饮食时间/d 拔出引流管时间/d 拔出尿管后即刻控尿[n; 百分率(%)] 标本切缘阳性[n; 百分率(%)] 住院时间/d 经腹组 29 164.10±18.62 228.55±36.04 1(3.45) 2(6.90) 2.72±0.49 4.46±0.81 16(55.1) 2(6.90) 6.58±0.50 腹膜外组 21 153.04±15.03 184.33±61.87 0 0 2.31±0.41 3.92±0.65 18(85.7) 1(4.76) 6.09±0.53 t — 2.24 2.93* — — 3.12 2.52 5.22 0.08▲ 3.34 P — < 0.05 < 0.01 >0.05# >0.05# < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 *示t′值;#示Fisher′s确切概率法;▲示χ2值 表 2 2组病人围手术期数据比较(x±s)
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经腹组手术病人有1例出现髂静脉损伤和2例直肠损伤。2组各有1例出现尿道狭窄。在经腹组中,有2例出现漏尿,而腹膜外组中1例仅观察到轻度漏尿。此外经腹组还观察到2例出现尿路感染。经腹组有1例出现尿道瘘,1例出现尿道吻合口瘘;还有1例因术后盆腔出血再次手术后痊愈出院。术中无病人转开放手术。经腹组围手术期并发症总发生率为37.93%(11/29),高于腹膜外组的9.52%(2/21)(χ2=5.11, P < 0.05)。
经腹与经腹膜外腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术的结局指标比较
Comparison of the clinical outcome of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy between transperitoneal and extraperitoneal approaches
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摘要:
目的比较经腹与经腹膜外入路腔镜下前列腺癌根治术治疗前列腺癌病人的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2017年1月到2020年1月进行50例腔镜下前列腺癌根治术病人的一般资料,按照手术入路分为经腹入路(经腹组)29例和接受经腹膜外入路21例。 结果2组术中及术后的输血率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腹膜外入路组较经腹入路组低(P < 0.01)。腹膜外入路组较经腹入路组的手术时间、术中失血量、完全经口饮食的时间、引流管拔除时间和住院时间减少(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。经腹入路组术后拔出尿管后即刻控尿率低于腹膜外入路组(P < 0.05)。经腹组围手术期并发症发生率高于腹膜外组(P < 0.05)。 结论经腹入路与经腹膜入路两种方式手术均安全有效,且切缘阳性率无明显差异。但腹膜外入路具有手术时间短、住院时间短、出血少、并发症少等优势。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the clinical outcome of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(LRP) between transperitoneal and extraperitoneal approaches. MethodsThe clinical data of 50 patients treated with LRP from January 2017 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the transperitoneal group(29 cases) and extraperitoneal group(21 cases) according to the surgical approach. ResultsThere was no statistical significance in the intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion rate between two groups(P>0.05).The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, time of complete oral diet, removal time of drainage tube and hospital stay time in the extraperitoneal group reduced compared with the transabdominal group(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The rate of immediate urinary continence after catheter removal in transabdominal group was lower than that in extraperitoneal group(P < 0.05).The incidence rate of perioperative complication in transabdominal group was higher than that in extraperitoneal group(P < 0.05). ConclusionThe extraperitoneal-LRP and transabdominal-LRP are safe and effective, there is no significant difference in the positive rate of cutting edge.The extraperitoneal approach has the advantages of shorter operation time, shorter hospital stay, less bleeding and fewer complications. -
Key words:
- prostate neoplasms /
- laparoscopy /
- extraperiton /
- prostatectomy
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表 1 2组病人一般资料比较(x±s)
分组 n 年龄/岁 BMI/(kg/m2) PSA/ (ng/mL) 活检Gleason评分/分 经腹组 29 67.03±4.76 25.81±3.07 13.24±3.74 6.89±0.58 腹膜外组 21 67.19±6.97 24.38±2.88 13.77±4.28 6.85±0.36 t — 1.11 1.67 0.47 0.30* P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 *示t′值 表 2 2组病人围手术期数据比较(x±s)
分组 n 手术时间/min 术中失血量/mL 术中输血[n; 百分率(%)] 术后输血[n; 百分率(%)] 完全口服饮食时间/d 拔出引流管时间/d 拔出尿管后即刻控尿[n; 百分率(%)] 标本切缘阳性[n; 百分率(%)] 住院时间/d 经腹组 29 164.10±18.62 228.55±36.04 1(3.45) 2(6.90) 2.72±0.49 4.46±0.81 16(55.1) 2(6.90) 6.58±0.50 腹膜外组 21 153.04±15.03 184.33±61.87 0 0 2.31±0.41 3.92±0.65 18(85.7) 1(4.76) 6.09±0.53 t — 2.24 2.93* — — 3.12 2.52 5.22 0.08▲ 3.34 P — < 0.05 < 0.01 >0.05# >0.05# < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 *示t′值;#示Fisher′s确切概率法;▲示χ2值 -
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