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术后疼痛不可避免但可预防,而大部分病人甚至部分医务人员因不具备疼痛治疗有关知识和/或不重视术后疼痛的影响,担心使用镇痛药物的成瘾性,恶心呕吐、便秘等不良反应及增加医护人员麻烦等[1],多通过强忍疼痛、心理护理等方式应对,造成病人就医体验感和舒适度降低,不利于术后恢复[2]。尤其是耳鼻喉头面部手术病人,鉴于手术部位的特殊性,术后病人饮食、呼吸等均受到一定影响,如未能及时控制疼痛,对术后恢复造成极大负面影响[3]。同时手术、麻醉等多重因素对病人的免疫功能、抗氧化能力等均造成一定负面影响,是引起术后感染的相关危险因素[4]。
星状神经节阻滞能有效阻断疼痛传导通路,甚至逆转疼痛发展的恶性循环,抑制交感神经活性,起到改善微循环,消除炎症因子,减少局部水肿等作用[5]。目前超声引导下星状神经节阻滞技术已成功应用于疼痛相关疾病的诊治,但极少应用于头面部手术围术期的应用。本研究主要探讨超声引导下星状神经节阻滞在头面部手术术后疼痛管理中的价值,并分析其对机体免疫力和抗氧化能力的影响,现作报道。
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观察组不同时间疼痛数字评分均低于对照组(P < 0.01);随时间变化,2组疼痛评分均呈降低趋势(P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
分组 n 术后30 min 术后2 h 术后12 h 术后24 h 术后48 h 观察组 40 2.6±0.2 2.1±0.1 2.0±0.2 1.6±0.1 1.5±0.1 对照组 40 4.6±0.4 4.1±0.5 3.6±0.4 3.5±0.3 3.3±0.2 t — 28.28 24.81 22.63 38.00 50.91 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 v0.01 表 1 2组病人术后不同时间疼痛数字评分比较(x±s;分)
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观察组术后自主进食时间、下床活动时间均早于对照组,术后住院时间短于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 2)。
分组 n 自主进食时间/h 下床活动时间/d 术后住院时间/d 观察组 40 9.4±0.5 1.5±0.3 3.4±0.2 对照组 40 12.5±1.2 2.4±0.6 4.7±0.4 t′ — 15.08 8.49 18.38 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 表 2 2组术后自主进食时间、下床活动时间、术后住院时间比较(x±s)
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观察组术后48 h免疫指标IgA和IgG水平、SOD水平高于对照组,抗氧化能力指标MDA水平低于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 3)。
分组 IgG/ (mg/L) IgA/ (mg/L) MDA/ (mol/L) SOD/ (μU/mL) 观察组 8.1±1.6 4.3±0.3 3.7±0.2 0.6±0.1 对照组 3.3±0.5 3.1±0.2 4.9±0.3 0.3±0.1 t′ 18.11 21.05 21.05 13.42* P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 *示t值 表 3 术后48 h 2组免疫功能和抗氧化能力比较(x±s)
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观察组术中心动过速、麻醉苏醒延迟、术后出血及术后感染的总发生率低于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 4)。
分组 n 术中心动过速 麻醉苏醒延迟 术后出血 术后感染 总发生率/% χ2 P 观察组 40 1 1 1 0 7.5 对照组 40 5 4 2 1 30.0 6.65 < 0.01 合计 80 6 5 3 1 37.5 表 4 2组围术期相关并发症比较
超声引导下星状神经节阻滞对头面部手术术后疼痛、免疫及抗氧化能力的影响
Effect of stellate ganglion block guided by ultrasound on the pain, immunity and antioxidant capacity after head and face surgery
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摘要:
目的探讨超声引导下星状神经节阻滞对头面部手术术后疼痛、免疫及抗氧化能力的影响。 方法选择头面部手术病人80例,按照随机数字表法分为2组,各40例。观察组在麻醉诱导前行超声引导下右侧星状神经节阻滞,对照组则实施常规全身麻醉,比较2组病人术后不同时间疼痛数字评分变化,分析2组术后自主进食时间、下床活动时间、术后住院时间,比较术后48 h 2组免疫功能和抗氧化能力及并发症。 结果2组术后不同时间疼痛数字评分变化差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01);2组不同时间点疼痛数字评分均降低,且观察组疼痛数字评分低于对照组(P < 0.01);随时间变化,2组疼痛评分均呈降低趋势(P < 0.01);观察组术后自主进食时间、下床活动时间均早于对照组,术后住院时间短于对照组(P < 0.01);观察组术后48 h免疫指标IgA和IgG水平、SOD水平高于对照组,抗氧化能力指标MDA水平低于对照组(P < 0.01);观察组术中心动过速、麻醉苏醒延迟、术后出血及术后感染的总发生率低于对照组(P < 0.01)。 结论针对头面部手术病人,实施超声引导下右侧星状神经节阻滞,能有效缓解病人术后疼痛,提高机体免疫力及抗氧化能力,减少并发症。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of stellate ganglion block guided by ultrasound on pain, immunity and antioxidant capacity after head and face surgery. MethodsEighty patients treated with craniofacial surgery were randomly divided into the observation group and control group(40 cases each group).The observation group was treated with right stellate ganglion block guided by ultrasound before anesthesia induction, while the control group was treated routine general anesthesia.The changes of pain digital scores at different times after operation were compared between two groups.The time of self-eating, getting out of bed and hospitalization in two groups after operation were analyzed, and the immune function, antioxidant ability and complications 48 h after operation were compared between two groups. ResultsThe differences of the pain digital score between two groups at different times were statistically significant after operation(P < 0.01).The pain digital scores in two groups at different time-points decreased, and which in observation group was lower than that in control group(P < 0.01).The pain scores in two groups showed a decreasing trend with time going on(P < 0.01).The time of postoperative self-eating and getting out of bed in observation group were earlier than those in control group, and the time of hospitalization after operation was shorter than that in control group(P < 0.01).The levels of IgA, IgG and SOD in observation group were higher than those in control group after 48 h of operation, and the level of MDA of antioxidant capacity index in observation group was lower than that in control group(P < 0.01).The total incidence rate of tachycardia, anesthesia recovery delay, postoperative hemorrhage and postoperative infection in observation group was lower than that in control group(P < 0.01). ConclusionFor patients treated with head and face surgery, the right stellate ganglion block guided by ultrasound can effectively relieve the postoperative pain, improve the body immunity and antioxidant capacity, and reduce complications. -
Key words:
- stellate ganglion block /
- ultrasound guidance /
- head and face /
- postoperative pain /
- immunity /
- antioxidant capacity
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表 1 2组病人术后不同时间疼痛数字评分比较(x±s;分)
分组 n 术后30 min 术后2 h 术后12 h 术后24 h 术后48 h 观察组 40 2.6±0.2 2.1±0.1 2.0±0.2 1.6±0.1 1.5±0.1 对照组 40 4.6±0.4 4.1±0.5 3.6±0.4 3.5±0.3 3.3±0.2 t — 28.28 24.81 22.63 38.00 50.91 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 v0.01 表 2 2组术后自主进食时间、下床活动时间、术后住院时间比较(x±s)
分组 n 自主进食时间/h 下床活动时间/d 术后住院时间/d 观察组 40 9.4±0.5 1.5±0.3 3.4±0.2 对照组 40 12.5±1.2 2.4±0.6 4.7±0.4 t′ — 15.08 8.49 18.38 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 表 3 术后48 h 2组免疫功能和抗氧化能力比较(x±s)
分组 IgG/ (mg/L) IgA/ (mg/L) MDA/ (mol/L) SOD/ (μU/mL) 观察组 8.1±1.6 4.3±0.3 3.7±0.2 0.6±0.1 对照组 3.3±0.5 3.1±0.2 4.9±0.3 0.3±0.1 t′ 18.11 21.05 21.05 13.42* P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 *示t值 表 4 2组围术期相关并发症比较
分组 n 术中心动过速 麻醉苏醒延迟 术后出血 术后感染 总发生率/% χ2 P 观察组 40 1 1 1 0 7.5 对照组 40 5 4 2 1 30.0 6.65 < 0.01 合计 80 6 5 3 1 37.5 -
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