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随着显微吻合技术的逐渐成熟,游离组织瓣修复缺损组织已经作为口腔颌面部缺损常规手术方法。根据国内外文献[1-3]报道,游离组织瓣的成活率可以达到85%~95%。但在实际操作中我们发现,术后出现血管危象的概率并不是十分罕见。且出现血管危象后,即使及时抢救也只有55%~65%的概率可以抢救成功[4]。为了提高游离组织瓣的成活率,同时充分减少术后血管危象的产生,本研究对226例利用前臂皮瓣行口腔颌面部游离组织瓣移植术修补口腔肿瘤术后缺损病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨影响术后血管危象发生的危险因素,现作报道。
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本研究共纳入病人226例,其中男141例,女85例,男女比例1.66:1;年龄26~80岁,其中 < 40岁18例,40~60岁114例,>60岁94例;恶性肿瘤213例(94.2%),良性肿瘤13例(5.8%)。其中恶性肿瘤包括牙龈癌、颊粘膜癌、口底癌、舌癌、腭癌等,病理分型分别为鳞状细胞癌、差分化癌、黏液表皮样癌、腺样囊性癌、骨肉瘤等;良性肿瘤包括舌、颊、上腭特大血管瘤、神经纤维瘤12例、特大颚部多形性腺瘤1例。226例病人中合并糖尿病者29例(12.8%),高血压者28例(12.4%)。
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226例病人中发生血管危象51例(22.6%),其中静脉危象41例,动脉危象10例。其中49例进行了危象后及时探查,抢救成功31例(63.2%),探查失败18例(36.8%)。皮瓣成活共206例(91.2%), 皮瓣最终坏死20例(8.8%)。
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单因素分析显示,病人高血压史、入院时血压水平与血管危象的发生无明显关系(P>0.05),而糖尿病史与入院时血糖值偏高为血管危象的影响因素(P < 0.01和P < 0.05)(见表 1)。将单因素分析中有统计学意义的影响因素纳入多因素logistic回归模型分析,发现只有糖尿病史是影响发生血管危象的危险因素(P < 0.01),患有糖尿病的病人发生血管危象的概率是非糖尿病病人的4.646倍(见表 2)。
因素 n 血管危象 χ2 P 是(n=51) 否(n=175) 糖尿病史 有 29 15(29.4) 14(8.0) 16.19 < 0.01 无 197 36(70.6) 161(92.0) 高血压史 有 28 9(17.6) 19(10.9) 1.68 >0.05 无 198 42(82.4) 156(89.1) 入院时血压水平 正常血压 191 41(80.4) 41(80.4) 150(85.7) 高于正常值 35 10(19.6) 25(14.3) 0.86 >0.05 入院时血糖值 5.62±2.24 5.07±1.16 2.36* < 0.05 *示t值 表 1 血管危象发生的单因素分析[n;百分率(%)]
自变量 β Wald P OR 95%CI 糖尿病史 1.536 9.122 < 0.01 4.646 1.715~12.590 血糖值 0.012 0.011 >0.05 1.012 0.802~1.278 表 2 血管危象发生的logistic多因素回归分析
颌面部游离组织瓣移植术后血管危象发生的危险因素分析
Analysis of the risk factors of vascular crisis after free flap transplantation in oral and maxillofacial region
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摘要:
目的探讨影响口腔颌面部游离组织瓣移植术后出现血管危象的危险因素。 方法对226例利用前臂皮瓣行口腔颌面部游离组织瓣移植术修补口腔肿瘤术后缺损病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析,收集病人的性别、年龄、是否出现血管危象、血管危象类型、糖尿病史、入院血糖值、高血压病史、入院平均血压值等临床资料,分析影响术后血管危象发生的危险因素。 结果226例病人中发生血管危象51例(22.6%),其中静脉危象41例,动脉危象10例。单因素分析显示,糖尿病史与血糖值偏高均为血管危象发生的影响因素(P < 0.01和P < 0.05),多因素二元logistic回归模型分析显示,糖尿病史为血管危象发生的危险因素(OR=4.646,P < 0.01)。 结论糖尿病病人出现游离皮瓣移植血管危象的风险较大,对于此类病人应该更加慎重应用游离组织瓣进行修复,当必须使用时,需术后时刻注意血管危象的发生,以保证皮瓣的成活。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of vascular crisis after free flap transplantation in oral and maxillofacial region. MethodsThe clinical data of 226 oral and maxillofacial defects patients repaired by free flap transplantation of forearm flap were retrospectively analyzed.The gender, age, absence or presence of vascular crisis, type of vascular crisis, history of diabetes mellitus, blood glucose level at admission, history of hypertension and average blood pressure at admission were collected, and the risk factors of postoperative vascular crisis were analyzed. ResultsAmong 226 patients, the vascular crisis in 51 cases were identified, which included 41 cases with venous crisis and 10 cases with arterial crisis.The results of univariate analysis showed that the history of diabetes mellitus and high blood glucose were the influencing factors of the occurrence of vascular crisis(P < 0.01 and P < 0.05).The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the history of diabetes mellitus was the risk factor of the occurrence of vascular crisis(OR=4.646, P < 0.01). ConclusionThe risk of vascular crisis in diabetic patients treated with free flap transplantation is high.For such patients, the free flap should be cautiously used for repair.When it is necessary to use, it is necessary to pay attention to the occurrence of vascular crisis to ensure the survival of flap. -
Key words:
- free flap transplantation /
- oral neoplasms /
- diabetes mellitus /
- vascular crisis
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表 1 血管危象发生的单因素分析[n;百分率(%)]
因素 n 血管危象 χ2 P 是(n=51) 否(n=175) 糖尿病史 有 29 15(29.4) 14(8.0) 16.19 < 0.01 无 197 36(70.6) 161(92.0) 高血压史 有 28 9(17.6) 19(10.9) 1.68 >0.05 无 198 42(82.4) 156(89.1) 入院时血压水平 正常血压 191 41(80.4) 41(80.4) 150(85.7) 高于正常值 35 10(19.6) 25(14.3) 0.86 >0.05 入院时血糖值 5.62±2.24 5.07±1.16 2.36* < 0.05 *示t值 表 2 血管危象发生的logistic多因素回归分析
自变量 β Wald P OR 95%CI 糖尿病史 1.536 9.122 < 0.01 4.646 1.715~12.590 血糖值 0.012 0.011 >0.05 1.012 0.802~1.278 -
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