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重症肺炎是临床常见的呼吸系统危急重症,通常合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS),病情危急、预后差、死亡率高。合并ARDS和感染性休克的重症肺炎病人死亡率高达50%左右。及早判断该类病人预后对于临床早期诊治及调整治疗方案具有重要意义。多数研究[1-2]指出,感染性休克及ARDS病人早期存在酸碱平衡紊乱,且酸碱平衡紊乱可能是病情进展的重要因素之一。血乳酸是反映酸碱平衡紊乱的重要指标,通过血气分析即可检测,方便快捷,血乳酸已成为多种重症疾病的生物学标志物[3],但其在合并ARDS和感染性休克的重症肺炎病人中临床研究极少,且其对病人预后的预测价值尚不明确。故本研究观察入院时血乳酸水平对重症肺炎ARDS并发感染性休克病人预后的预测价值,为临床预测病人死亡率提供依据。
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102例病人40例死亡(39.2%),死亡组SOFA评分、APACHEⅡ评分高于存活组,住院时间长于存活组(P<0.05)。2组性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟饮酒史、合并基础疾病、WBC、CRP、PLT、BUN、PaO2/FiO2、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)差异均无统计意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。
基线资料 死亡组(n=40) 存活组(n=62) χ2 P 性别(男/女) 23/17 32/30 0.34 >0.05 年龄/岁 40.9±7.4 41.5±7.3 0.40△ >0.05 BMI/(kg/m2) 23.4±3.6 23.6±3.6 0.27△ >0.05 吸烟史 9(22.50) 12(19.35) 0.15 >0.05 饮酒史 10(25.00) 14(22.58) 0.08 >0.05 高血压 14(35.00) 17(27.42) 0.66 >0.05 2型糖尿病 7(17.50) 9(14.52) 0.16 >0.05 高脂血症 8(20.00) 9(14.52) 0.53 >0.05 住院时间/d 10.5±2.6 9.4±2.4 2.18△ <0.05 APACHEⅡ评分/分 30.2±5.0 26.5±4.2 4.03△ <0.01 SOFA评分/分 11.4±1.8 9.3±1.5 6.38△ <0.01 WBC/(×109/L) 11.7±2.3 11.5±2.4 0.42△ >0.05 CRP/(mg/L) 135.4±54.2 139.4±55.7 0.36△ >0.05 PLT/(×109/L) 154.2±51.2 142.8±50.9 1.10△ >0.05 BUN/(mmol/L) 11.2±2.3 10.9±2.4 0.62△ >0.05 (PaO2/FiO2)/mmHg 135.4±19.6 129.7±20.0 1.42△ >0.05 ALT/(U/L) 56.4±7.5 58.7±7.7 1.49△ >0.05 AST/(U/L) 59.4±7.8 62.4±8.0 4.87△ >0.05 △示t值 表 1 2组基础资料比较[n;百分率(%)]
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死亡组动脉血乳酸水平明显高于存活组(P<0.01)。2组pH值、BE、碳酸氢盐、PaCO2及PaO2差异均无统计意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n 乳酸/(mmol/L) pH值 BE/(mmol/L) 碳酸氢盐/(mmol/L) PaCO2/mmHg PaO2/mmHg 死亡组 40 7.35±2.10 7.31±0.08 -6.17±1.24 19.68±3.52 34.99±8.67 87.57±29.88 存活组 62 4.68±1.52 7.31±0.09 -6.16±1.25 20.10±3.54 35.12±8.65 90.41±20.14 t — 7.44 0.00 0.04 0.59 0.07 0.57 P — <0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 表 2 死亡组及存活组血气分析结果比较(x±s)
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ROC分析显示,乳酸预测28 d死亡的ROC曲线下面积为0.77,95%CI为0.66~0.89,最佳临界点为6.24,灵敏度为64.2%,特异度为79.9%。
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将SOFA评分、APACHEⅡ评分、住院时间、AST及乳酸作为自变量,死亡作为因变量进行多因素分析,结果显示乳酸、SOFA评分是病人28 d死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.01和P<0.05)(见表 3)。
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR 95%CI 乳酸(≥6.24 mmol/L、<6.24 mmol/L) 0.957 0.454 10.099 < 0.01 3.458 1.441~10.027 SOFA评分(≥10分、<10分) 0.824 0.463 8.145 < 0.01 1.524 1.276~5.034 表 3 病人28 d死亡的危险因素分析
血乳酸水平对重症肺炎ARDS并发感染性休克病人预后的预测价值
Prognostic value of blood lactate level on severe pneumonia patients with ARDS complicated with septic shock
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摘要:
目的探究入院时血乳酸水平对重症肺炎急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)并发感染性休克病人预后的预测价值,为临床预测病人死亡率提供依据。 方法选取102例重症肺炎ARDS并发感染性休克病人,收集病人入院时临床生化资料。根据入院后28d存活情况将病人分为死亡组和存活组,观察血乳酸水平与死亡率相关性,并分析其对28d死亡率的预测价值。 结果共40例死亡(39.2%),死亡组SOFA评分、APACHEⅡ评分高于存活组(P < 0.05),住院时间长于存活组(P < 0.05)。死亡组动脉血乳酸水平明显高于存活组(P < 0.01)。2组pH值、剩余碱、碳酸氢盐、二氧化碳分压及氧分压差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROC分析显示,乳酸预测28d死亡的曲线下面积为0.77,灵敏度为64.2%,特异度为79.9%。多因素分析显示,乳酸、SOFA评分是病人28 d死亡的独立危险因素(P < 0.01和P < 0.05)。 结论动脉血乳酸水平升高的重症肺炎ARDS并发感染性休克病人预后较差,其水平可用于预测病人28 d死亡率。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the predictive value of blood lactate level on the prognosis of severe pneumonitis patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) complicated with septic shock at admission, and provide evidence for the clinical prediction of patient's mortality. MethodsA total of 102 severe pneumonia patients with ARDS complicated with septic shock were selected, and the clinical and biochemical data of patients were collected.The patients were divided into the death group and survival group according to the survival condition after 28 days of admission.The correlation between blood lactate level and mortality was observed, and the predictive value of 28-day mortality was analyzed. ResultsThere were 40 deaths(39.2%).The SOFA score and APACHE Ⅱ score in death group were higher than those in survival group(P < 0.05), the hospital stay in death group was longer than that in survival group(P < 0.01), and the blood lactate level in death group was higher than that in survival group(P < 0.01).The differences of the levels of pH, BE, bicarbonate, PCO2 and PO2 between two groups were not statistically different(P>0.05).The results of ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of lactate predicting 28-day mortality was 0.77, and the specificity and sensitivity were 64.2% and 79.9%, respectively.The results of multivariate analysis showed that the lactate[OR(95% CI):3.458(1.441-10.027)] and SOFA score[OR(95% CI):1.524(1.276-5.034)] were the independent risk factors of 28-day mortality of patients(P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). ConclusionsThe severe pneumonia patients with ARDS complicated with septic shock with increasing arterial blood lactate level have a poor prognosis, and the arterial blood lactate level can be used to predict 28-day mortality. -
Key words:
- pneumonia /
- acute respiratory distress syndrome /
- septic shock /
- lactate
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表 1 2组基础资料比较[n;百分率(%)]
基线资料 死亡组(n=40) 存活组(n=62) χ2 P 性别(男/女) 23/17 32/30 0.34 >0.05 年龄/岁 40.9±7.4 41.5±7.3 0.40△ >0.05 BMI/(kg/m2) 23.4±3.6 23.6±3.6 0.27△ >0.05 吸烟史 9(22.50) 12(19.35) 0.15 >0.05 饮酒史 10(25.00) 14(22.58) 0.08 >0.05 高血压 14(35.00) 17(27.42) 0.66 >0.05 2型糖尿病 7(17.50) 9(14.52) 0.16 >0.05 高脂血症 8(20.00) 9(14.52) 0.53 >0.05 住院时间/d 10.5±2.6 9.4±2.4 2.18△ <0.05 APACHEⅡ评分/分 30.2±5.0 26.5±4.2 4.03△ <0.01 SOFA评分/分 11.4±1.8 9.3±1.5 6.38△ <0.01 WBC/(×109/L) 11.7±2.3 11.5±2.4 0.42△ >0.05 CRP/(mg/L) 135.4±54.2 139.4±55.7 0.36△ >0.05 PLT/(×109/L) 154.2±51.2 142.8±50.9 1.10△ >0.05 BUN/(mmol/L) 11.2±2.3 10.9±2.4 0.62△ >0.05 (PaO2/FiO2)/mmHg 135.4±19.6 129.7±20.0 1.42△ >0.05 ALT/(U/L) 56.4±7.5 58.7±7.7 1.49△ >0.05 AST/(U/L) 59.4±7.8 62.4±8.0 4.87△ >0.05 △示t值 表 2 死亡组及存活组血气分析结果比较(x±s)
分组 n 乳酸/(mmol/L) pH值 BE/(mmol/L) 碳酸氢盐/(mmol/L) PaCO2/mmHg PaO2/mmHg 死亡组 40 7.35±2.10 7.31±0.08 -6.17±1.24 19.68±3.52 34.99±8.67 87.57±29.88 存活组 62 4.68±1.52 7.31±0.09 -6.16±1.25 20.10±3.54 35.12±8.65 90.41±20.14 t — 7.44 0.00 0.04 0.59 0.07 0.57 P — <0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 表 3 病人28 d死亡的危险因素分析
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR 95%CI 乳酸(≥6.24 mmol/L、<6.24 mmol/L) 0.957 0.454 10.099 < 0.01 3.458 1.441~10.027 SOFA评分(≥10分、<10分) 0.824 0.463 8.145 < 0.01 1.524 1.276~5.034 -
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