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原发性甲状旁腺肿瘤主要包括甲状旁腺腺瘤、甲状旁腺囊肿和甲状旁腺癌。由于甲状旁腺在解剖位置上紧邻于甲状腺后方,且肿瘤生长速度缓慢,临床表现多样,常被误诊为甲状腺肿瘤从而延误治疗。超声检查是诊断及鉴别诊断甲状旁腺肿瘤的重要方法之一[1]。然而,受限于超声医生经验水平,甲状旁腺肿瘤彩色多普勒超声诊断和鉴别诊断准确率仍然有待提高。我们对80例甲状旁腺肿瘤病人的彩色多普勒超声图像特点和临床特征进行分析,以期为甲状旁腺肿瘤诊断和鉴别诊断提供参考。现作报道。
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3组病人年龄、性别间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 n 年龄(x±s)/岁 男 女 腺瘤组 69 49.81±13.96 21(30.43) 48(69.57) 囊肿组 7 47.71±13.01 2(28.57) 5(71.43) 癌组 4 48.25±11.32 2(50.00) 2(50.00) F — 0.09 — P — >0.05 >0.05* MS组内 — 190.285 — *示Fisher′s确切概率法 表 1 不同类型甲状旁腺肿瘤病人年龄和性别比较[n; 百分率(%)]
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腺瘤组病人临床症状以单纯肾结石居多(9/69,13.04%),其后依次为骨关节炎症状(8/69,11.59%)、骨关节炎症状合并肾结石(8/69,11.59%)、血钙异常升高(7/69,10.14%)、颈部包块(7/69,10.14%)、颈部包块合并肾结石(4/69,5.80%)、胃肠道症状(4/69,5.80%)、血钙异常升高及肾结石(2/69,2.90%)、胃肠道症状和肾结石(2/69,2.90%)、心脏疾病症状(2/69,2.90%)、同时伴有心脏疾病症状、血钙异常升高、骨关节炎症状及肾结石症状(2/69,2.90%)、低钾血症和肾结石(1/69,1.45%)、血钙异常升高和低钾血症(1/69,1.45%)、心脏疾病症状伴肾结石(1/69,1.45%)、呼吸系统症状(1/69,1.45%),其余10例为体检时发现,无明显临床症状。癌组病人4例,其中1例表现为颈部包块,1例表现为颈部包块和肾结石,2例表现为胃肠道症状和肾结石。囊肿组病人7例,临床表现均表现为颈部包块。
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腺瘤组和癌组病人血磷水平均低于囊肿组(P < 0.05),腺瘤组病人血钙和ALP水平均高于囊肿组(P < 0.05)(见表 2)。此外,共有55例甲状旁腺腺瘤病人检测了血清中PTH水平,平均水平为380.00(165.52, 875.1) ng/L。
分组 n 钙/(mmol/L) 磷(mmol/L) ALP
[M50(M25, M75)]/(ng/L)腺瘤组 69 3.01±0.76 0.78±0.26 174.00(108.00, 427.00) 囊肿组 7 2.31±0.10* 1.24±0.20* 51.00(37.00, 69.00)* 癌组 4 2.71±0.38 0.64±0.09# — F — 3.22 11.65 3.97△ P — <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 MS组内 — 0.516 0.063 — q检验:与腺瘤组比较*P < 0.05;与囊肿组比较#P < 0.05;△示uc值 表 2 不同类型甲状旁腺肿瘤病人血钙、磷和ALP水平比较(x±s)
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不同类型甲状旁腺肿瘤病人超声定位准确率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01),以腺瘤组最高,为79.71%。不同类型甲状旁腺肿瘤病人肿瘤上下径、左右径、前后径间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01),其中腺瘤组和癌组病人上下径、前后径和左右径均小于囊肿组(P < 0.05)(见表 3及图 1~3)。
分组 n 大小 准确率
[n; 百分率(%)]上下径 左右径 前后径 腺瘤组 69 24.46±12.61 14.45±8.85 12.48±7.26 55(79.71) 囊肿组 7 48.71±12.89* 33.86±11.80* 31.17±11.91* 1(14.29) 癌组 4 26.50±13.18# 20.00±8.16# 17.00±2.83# 0(0.00) F — 11.67 14.82 19.42 — P — <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01△ MS组内 — 160.202 82.571 57.912 — q检验:与腺瘤组比较*P < 0.05;与囊肿组比较#P < 0.05;△示Fisher′s确切概率法 表 3 不同类型甲状旁腺肿瘤病人彩色多普勒超声检查参数比较(x±s; mm)
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共14例甲状旁腺腺瘤病人超声检查误诊为其他疾病,其中5例误诊为结节性甲状腺肿,5例误诊为甲状腺腺瘤(其中4例伴囊性变),1例误诊为甲状腺囊肿,1例误诊为甲状腺囊肿及结节性甲状腺肿,1例误诊为甲状腺癌,1例误诊为神经鞘瘤。3例甲状腺癌病人误诊,2例误诊为甲状腺癌,1例误诊为结节性甲状腺肿。5例甲状旁腺囊肿病人误诊,3例误诊为甲状腺囊肿,2例误诊为结节性甲状腺肿(其中1例伴囊性变)。
原发性甲状旁腺肿瘤的超声与临床特征研究
Study on the ultrasound and clinical characteristics of primary parathyroid tumors
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摘要:
目的分析甲状旁腺肿瘤病人临床特点和超声图像特点,为甲状旁腺肿瘤诊断和鉴别诊断提供参考。 方法回顾性分析经手术治疗的甲状旁腺肿瘤病人80例临床资料,其中甲状旁腺腺瘤69例(腺瘤组),甲状旁腺癌4例(癌组),甲状旁腺囊肿7例(囊肿组)。 结果腺瘤组病人以肾结石(9/69,13.04%)为主要临床表现。腺瘤组和癌组病人血磷水平均低囊肿组(P < 0.05),腺瘤组病人血钙和碱性磷酸酶水平均高于囊肿组(P < 0.05)。不同类型甲状旁腺肿瘤病人超声定位准确率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01),以腺瘤组最高,为79.71%(55/69)。不同类型甲状旁腺肿瘤病人肿瘤上下径、左右径、前后径间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01),其中腺瘤组和癌组病人上下径、前后径和左右径均小于囊肿组(P < 0.05)。甲状旁腺腺瘤组病人误诊14例,以结节性甲状腺肿(5例)和甲状腺腺瘤(5例)最为常见。 结论甲状旁腺腺瘤诊断时应综合考虑其临床表现、血磷和碱性磷酸酶等实验室检查相关指标,并结合超声声像图特点,必要时还需要联合99Tcm-MIBI检查。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical features and ultrasonographic features of patients with parathyroid tumors, and provide the reference for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of parathyroid tumors. MethodsThe clinical data of 80 patients with parathyroid tumor treated with operation were retrospectively analyzed, The patients were divided into the adenoma group(69 cases with parathyroid adenom), cancer group(4 cases with parathyroid carcinoma) and cyst group(7 cases with parathyroid cyst). ResultsThe kidney stones were the main clinical manifestations in adenoma group(9/69, 13.04%).The serum phosphorus levels in cyst group were higher than that in adenoma group and cancer group(P < 0.05), and the serum levels of alcium and alkaline phosphatase in adenoma group were higher than those in cyst group(P < 0.05).The differences of the accuracy of ultrasound localization among patients with different types of parathyroid tumors were statistically significant(P < 0.01), and which in adenoma was the highest[79.71% (55/69)].The differences of the vertical, transverse and anteroposterior diameters in patients with different types of parathyroid tumors were statistically significant(P < 0.01), and the vertical, transverse and anteroposterior diameters in adenoma group and cancer group were less than those in cyst group(P < 0.05).Fourteen patients in the parathyroid adenoma group were misdiagnosed, and the nodular goiter(5 cases) and thyroid adenoma(5 cases) were the most common. ConclusionsIn the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma, the clinical manifestations, blood phosphorus, ALP, other relevant indicators of laboratory examination and characteristics of ultrasonography should be taken into comprehensive consideration, , and the 99Tcm-MIBI examination should be combined when necessary. -
Key words:
- primary parathyroid tumor /
- ultrasonography /
- clinical feature
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表 1 不同类型甲状旁腺肿瘤病人年龄和性别比较[n; 百分率(%)]
分组 n 年龄(x±s)/岁 男 女 腺瘤组 69 49.81±13.96 21(30.43) 48(69.57) 囊肿组 7 47.71±13.01 2(28.57) 5(71.43) 癌组 4 48.25±11.32 2(50.00) 2(50.00) F — 0.09 — P — >0.05 >0.05* MS组内 — 190.285 — *示Fisher′s确切概率法 表 2 不同类型甲状旁腺肿瘤病人血钙、磷和ALP水平比较(x±s)
分组 n 钙/(mmol/L) 磷(mmol/L) ALP
[M50(M25, M75)]/(ng/L)腺瘤组 69 3.01±0.76 0.78±0.26 174.00(108.00, 427.00) 囊肿组 7 2.31±0.10* 1.24±0.20* 51.00(37.00, 69.00)* 癌组 4 2.71±0.38 0.64±0.09# — F — 3.22 11.65 3.97△ P — <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 MS组内 — 0.516 0.063 — q检验:与腺瘤组比较*P < 0.05;与囊肿组比较#P < 0.05;△示uc值 表 3 不同类型甲状旁腺肿瘤病人彩色多普勒超声检查参数比较(x±s; mm)
分组 n 大小 准确率
[n; 百分率(%)]上下径 左右径 前后径 腺瘤组 69 24.46±12.61 14.45±8.85 12.48±7.26 55(79.71) 囊肿组 7 48.71±12.89* 33.86±11.80* 31.17±11.91* 1(14.29) 癌组 4 26.50±13.18# 20.00±8.16# 17.00±2.83# 0(0.00) F — 11.67 14.82 19.42 — P — <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01△ MS组内 — 160.202 82.571 57.912 — q检验:与腺瘤组比较*P < 0.05;与囊肿组比较#P < 0.05;△示Fisher′s确切概率法 -
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