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中国的癌症发病率和死亡率一直在上升,癌症现已成为自2010年以来的主要死亡原因[1]。胃癌是一种预后不良的肿瘤,国外一项大数据研究[2]表明病人的5年生存率仅为25%。而在日本和韩国,由于拥有完善的筛查程序,大部分胃癌病人能够得到早期诊断,生存率得以提高[3-4]。胃癌预后相关的因素一直是临床关注的重点问题。自1863年,VIRCHOW首先发现了炎症与癌症之间的关系, 随后,越来越多的学者开展了相关研究[5-8]。应用TNM分期和炎症指数的结合可以更好地预测胃癌病人的预后。LIU等[9]发现C反应蛋白/白蛋白(CRP/ALB)在预测胃癌的长期存活方面优于传统的炎症指标。前白蛋白(PA)是主要在肝脏中合成的54 000蛋白质。其主要功能是运输甲状腺素,间接运输维生素A(它作为视黄醇结合蛋白的载体蛋白)。PA是一种快速代谢的内脏蛋白,其半衰期(近2 d)比ALB短得多。此外,PA早期受到蛋白质平衡急剧变化的影响,并且比ALB对营养状况的反应更快[10]。有研究表明,PA作为单一参数,可用于评估蛋白质能量营养不良,对癌症手术后的结局和复发有重要指导意义[11-12],并且是恶性肿瘤病人预后的独立预测因子[13-14]。根据上述理论基础,我们假设PA可以替代ALB与CRP结合以构建新的炎症指数:CRP/PA,这在临床上鲜见报道。本研究根据临床数据来研究CRP/PA在预测胃癌预后中的价值,为临床提供参考。
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214例病人的CRP/PA值范围为(0.33~45.21)×10-3,CRP/ALB值范围为(2.37~307.5)×10-3,根据5年生存作为终点分别绘制两者的ROC曲线(见图 1)。计算CRP/PA与CRP/ALB的曲线下面积AUC值分别为0.704(95%CI:0.637~0.764)与0.656(95%CI:0.588~0.719)。CRP/PA的预测价值高于CRP/ALB(z=2.21, P<0.05)。当CRP/PA值为18.8×10-3时,Youden指数最大,灵敏度为0.828,特异度为0.562;以18.8×10-3作为分界值,将≤18.8×10-3作为低CRP/PA(LCP)组(129例),>18.8×10-3为高CRP/PA(HCP)组(85例)。
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2组病人性别、BMI、肿瘤部位、肿瘤分化程度、空腹血糖差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),年龄、贫血、肿瘤直径、浸润深度淋巴结转移、TNM分期在2组病人之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05~P<0.01)(见表 1)。
临床因素 LCP组(n=129) HCP组(n=85) χ2 P 性别 男
女107
2275
101.13 >0.05 年龄/岁 <60
≥6035
9412
735.06 <0.05 BMI/(kg/m2) <18.5 33 27 18.5~<24 84 50 1.02 >0.05 ≥24 12 8 肿瘤部位 上 48 38 中 42 21 1.76 >0.05 下 39 26 贫血 有
无80
4965
204.90 <0.05 肿瘤直径/cm <5
≥5102
2749
264.65 <0.05 浸润深度 T1、T2
T3、T4109
2058
278.81 <0.01 分化程度 高 36 20 中 71 47 0.84 >0.05 低 22 18 淋巴结转移 有
无24
10532
539.62 <0.01 空腹血糖/(mmol/L) <6.1
≥6.187
4261
240.45 >0.05 TNM分期 Ⅰ 15 10 Ⅱ 90 43 10.13 <0.01 Ⅲ 24 32 表 1 CRP/PA与临床病理资料的关系
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214例病人中共有62例病人出现并发症,并发症的发生率为28.9%,包括切口液化或感染6例,切口裂开1例,吻合口瘘5例,腹腔感染6例,肺部感染28例,胸腔积液10例,呼吸衰竭1例,心力衰竭1例,淋巴漏4例,所有病人经治疗后均顺利出院。HCP组并发症发生率37.64%(32/85)高于LCP组的发生23.26%率(30/129)(χ2=5.16,P<0.05)。
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在最长60个月的随访周期内,共有125例病人死亡,13例病人失访,所有病人5年累积生存率为35.5%。病人的中位生存时间是43个月。HCP组和LCP组病人的5年累积生存率在分别是29.4%和46.3%。LCP组病人5年生存率高于HCP组的病人(χ2=5.86,P<0.05)(见图 2)。由于肿瘤TMN分期包括浸润深度及淋巴结转移,只研究TMN分期,通过Cox比例风险模型进一步分析发现,CRP/PA水平、TNM分期是胃癌病人术后的独立预后因素(P<0.01)(见表 2)。
影响因素 Waldχ2 P HR 95%CI 性别 0.52 >0.05 1.056 0.932~1.356 年龄 0.71 >0.05 1.122 0.839~1.545 BMI 0.90 >0.05 0.897 0.641~1.502 肿瘤部位 0.96 >0.05 0.949 0.804~1.378 贫血 1.00 >0.05 0.965 0.728~1.261 肿瘤直径 1.21 >0.05 1.443 0.909~2.362 分化程度 1.53 >0.05 1.572 0.733~3.373 空腹血糖 1.11 >0.05 1.088 0.612~1.360 TNM分期 19.54 <0.01 4.053 2.939~4.462 CRP/PA水平 8.83 <0.01 3.117 1.733~3.934 表 2 胃癌病人总生存率的COX比例风险模型多因素分析
C反应蛋白与前白蛋白比值在评估胃癌病人预后中的临床价值
Clinical value of the ratio of C reactive protein to prealbumin in evaluating the prognosis of gastric cancer patients
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摘要:
目的观察胃癌病人术前血清中C反应蛋白(CRP)与前白蛋白(PA)水平比值(CRP/PA)对预后的影响。 方法随访并记录经过根治性手术治疗的胃癌病人的生存期和实验室指标,计算所有病人的CRP/PA和C反应蛋白/白蛋白(CRP/ALB)值,分别绘制两者的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),比较曲线下面积。计算Youden指数,得出CRP/PA的最佳界值。以最佳界值为标准,将病人分为高CRP/PA(HCP)组和低CRP/PA(LCP)组,分析2组病人的临床病理特征、术后并发症及预后。 结果根据5年生存作为终点绘制CRP/PA与CRP/ALB的ROC曲线,AUC分别为0.704及0.656。当CRP/PA值为18.8×10-3时,Youden指数最大,灵敏度为0.828,特异度为0.562。年龄、贫血、肿瘤直径、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期均与CRP/PA值水平有关(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。214例病人并发症的发生率为28.9%,HCP组并发症发生率为37.64%,高于LCP组发率23.26%(P < 0.05)。214例胃癌病人中有125人死亡,所有病人5年累积生存率为35.5%。病人的中位生存时间是43个月。HCP组和LCP组病人的5年累积生存率分别是29.4%和46.3%,LCP组病人5年生存率高于HCP组的病人(P < 0.05)。Cox比例风险模型分析发现,CRP/PA水平(HR=3.117)、TNM分期(HR=4.053)是胃癌病人术后的独立预后因素(P < 0.01)。 结论CRP/PA水平、TNM分期是影响胃癌病人预后的独立因素。处于CRP/PA高值水平的病人术后并发症发生率会增加,预后差。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effects of the ratio of preoperative serum C reactive protein to prealbumin(CRP/PA) on the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. MethodsThe survival and laboratory indicators in gastric cancer patients treated with radical operation were followed up and recorded.The ratio CRP to ALB and CRP/PA in all patients were calculated, the receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC)were plotted, and the area under the curve(AUC) was compared.The Youden index was calculated to obtain the optimal cutoff value of CRP/PA.The patients were divided into the high CRP/PA(HCP) group and low CRP/PA(LCP) group according to the optimal cutoff value.The clinical and pathological features, postoperative complications and prognosis in two groups were analyzed. ResultsThe ROC curves of the CRP/PA and CRP/ALB were plotted based on the 5-year survival as the end point, and the AUC of which were 0.704 and 0.656, respectively.When the CRP/PA value was 18.8×10-3, the Youden index was the largest, the sensitivity was 0.828, and the specificity was 0.562.The age, anemia, tumor diameter, infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage were related to the level of CRP/PA(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The incidence rate of complication in 214 patients was 28.9%, and which in HCP group(37.64%)was higher than that in LCP group(23.26%)(P < 0.05).Among the 214 patients with gastric cancer, 125 cases died, the 5-year cumulative survival rate of all patients was 35.5%, and the median survival time was 43 months.The 5-year cumulative survival rate in HCP group and LCP group was 29.4% and 46.3%, respectively.The 5-year survival rate in HCP group was higher than that in LCP group(P < 0.05).The results of Cox proportional hazards model showed that the level of CRP/PA and TNM stage were the independent prognostic factors for postoperative gastric cancer patients(P < 0.01). ConclusionsThe CRP/PA level and TNM stage are the independent factors affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.The incidence rate of postoperative complications in patients with high CRP/PA level increases, and the prognosis of patients is poor. -
Key words:
- gastric neoplasms /
- C reactive protein /
- prealbumin /
- prognosis
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表 1 CRP/PA与临床病理资料的关系
临床因素 LCP组(n=129) HCP组(n=85) χ2 P 性别 男
女107
2275
101.13 >0.05 年龄/岁 <60
≥6035
9412
735.06 <0.05 BMI/(kg/m2) <18.5 33 27 18.5~<24 84 50 1.02 >0.05 ≥24 12 8 肿瘤部位 上 48 38 中 42 21 1.76 >0.05 下 39 26 贫血 有
无80
4965
204.90 <0.05 肿瘤直径/cm <5
≥5102
2749
264.65 <0.05 浸润深度 T1、T2
T3、T4109
2058
278.81 <0.01 分化程度 高 36 20 中 71 47 0.84 >0.05 低 22 18 淋巴结转移 有
无24
10532
539.62 <0.01 空腹血糖/(mmol/L) <6.1
≥6.187
4261
240.45 >0.05 TNM分期 Ⅰ 15 10 Ⅱ 90 43 10.13 <0.01 Ⅲ 24 32 表 2 胃癌病人总生存率的COX比例风险模型多因素分析
影响因素 Waldχ2 P HR 95%CI 性别 0.52 >0.05 1.056 0.932~1.356 年龄 0.71 >0.05 1.122 0.839~1.545 BMI 0.90 >0.05 0.897 0.641~1.502 肿瘤部位 0.96 >0.05 0.949 0.804~1.378 贫血 1.00 >0.05 0.965 0.728~1.261 肿瘤直径 1.21 >0.05 1.443 0.909~2.362 分化程度 1.53 >0.05 1.572 0.733~3.373 空腹血糖 1.11 >0.05 1.088 0.612~1.360 TNM分期 19.54 <0.01 4.053 2.939~4.462 CRP/PA水平 8.83 <0.01 3.117 1.733~3.934 -
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