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肿瘤血管和肿瘤的生长、转移等有着密切联系。大多数实体肿瘤都起源于没有血管的恶性细胞的聚集。虽然无血管的三维聚集的肿瘤细胞可以通过单纯扩散作用和周围环境进行营养物质和代谢产物的交换,但其生长具有自限性(直径最多为1~2 mm)。只有在富含营养的血液流动引发时,肿瘤快速生长、浸润以及向其他器官转移才成为可能[1]。血管生成拟态(vasculogenic mimicry,VM)是由MANIOTIS等[2]在研究高侵袭性葡萄膜黑素瘤微循环时发现的一种与胚胎发育中的血管新生类似的特殊的肿瘤微环境模式。随后,各项研究[3-5]证实在许多实体肿瘤中都有VM的存在。这一理论的提出是对以往的肿瘤微环境模式的挑战,也是其一个重要的补充。在研究中还发现晚期癌症病人的预后与肿瘤组织中的血管拟态具有明显的相关性[6],这为肿瘤的转移评估和预后提供了更多的方法,也为肿瘤的抗血管治疗提供了新的视野。本文就VM的生物学特性和VM在肿瘤治疗的最新研究作一综述。
血管生成拟态生物学特性及在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展
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