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急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)是一组严重威胁人类生命健康的临床综合征,具有高致残性和死亡性,而其中血小板的聚集在疾病的演变过程中发挥关键作用。ACS病人行经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneouscoronary intervention,PCI)术是挽救病人的常规方法,术后需要使用双联抗血小板(阿司匹林+氯吡格雷)治疗[1]。然而,由于氯吡格雷对血小板抑制作用存在较大的个体差异,抗血小板治疗仍存在一定风险,导致部分病人按照标准剂量规律服用氯吡格雷,仍出现抗栓治疗效果欠佳,不仅增加药物的不良反应风险,而且增加病人的主要心血管不良事件的发生率。目前认为氯吡格雷抵抗是导致病人出现心血管不良事件的主要原因。这种抵抗机制可能与病人依从性差、药物剂量不足、基因多态性、血小板激活替代途径有关。最新研究[2]也证实,基因多态性影响了氯吡格雷的抗血小板作用。
氯吡格雷为无活性的前体药物,其在肠道中转运受到三磷酸腺苷黏合转运体B1(adenosine triphosphate bindingcassette B1,ABCB1)调控,在生物转化过程中,细胞色素P4502C19和对氧磷酶1(paraoxonase-1,PON1)起关键作用。CYP2C19、ABCB1、PON1基因上的重要位点突变是引起氯吡格雷疗效差异的重要因素[3-4]。CYP2C19*2和*3为功能缺陷基因,若发生突变,氯吡格雷在体内活化速率将会减慢、活性代谢产物减少,降低其抗血小板作用[5]。研究[6]发现,ABCB1(3435C>T)基因多态性与ACS病人PCI术后死亡、心肌梗死、急性脑梗塞等相关心脑血管风险紧密相关。PON1 AA野生纯合型较GG突变纯合型病人对氧磷酶活性较低,产生支架内血栓风险高[7]。然而目前有关CYP2C19、ABCB1、PON1基因多态性与氯吡格雷抵抗的关系探讨研究较少,缺乏大样本、多中心的临床研究。基于此,本研究从实验室检查、基因多态性分布、血小板聚集率以及主要临床终点事件发生情况四个方面来探讨ACS病人氯吡格雷抗血小板疗效与其基因多态性之间的相关性。现作报道。
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2组病人年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、合并症(高血压、脑梗死、高血脂症、糖尿病)、生化指标(血小板计数、血红蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、肌酐、空腹血糖、纤维蛋白原)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),合并用药(他汀类、ACEI/ARB、硝酸酯类)差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
分组 n 年龄/岁 男 女 吸烟 饮酒 合并症 合并用药 高血压 脑梗死 高血脂症 糖尿病 他汀类 β受体阻抗剂 ACEI/ARB 硝酸酯类 正常组 172 65.53±10.84 129 43 82(47.6) 96(55.8) 100(58.1) 26(15.1) 6(3.4) 46(26.7) 68(39.5) 18(10.4) 26(15.1) 28(16.2) 慢代谢组 24 65.41±9.02 14 10 10(41.6) 10(41.6) 18(75.0) 6(25.0) 0(0.0) 6(25.0) 24(100.0) 8(33.3) 14(58.3) 8(33.3) t — 0.05 0.09* 0.31* 1.70* 2.50* 1.51* 0.86* 0.03* 30.92* 9.57* 24.22* 4.09* P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 分组 n 血小板计数/(×109/L) 血红蛋白/(g/L) 总胆固醇/(mmol/L) 三酰甘油/(mmol/L) 低密度脂蛋白/(mmol/L) 肌酐/(μmol/L) 空腹血糖/(mmol/L) 纤维蛋白原/(g/L) 正常组 172 171.44±154.53 131.31±13.52 4.84±5.45 1.45±0.83 2.55±0.97 81.02±27.43 6.07±1.60 3.45±1.78 慢代谢组 24 177.83±58.95 127.91±16.63 3.96±0.89 1.38±0.73 2.61±0.84 81.39±19.41 5.82±1.94 3.05±1.13 t — 0.20 1.12 0.79 0.39 0.29 0.06 0.70 1.07 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 *示χ2值 表 1 2组病人一般临床资料比较(x±s)
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PON1、CYP2C19、ABCBl不同分型病人血小板聚集率间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)(见表 2)。
基因型 n 血小板聚集率 F P MS组内 PON1 GG(1) 98 42.55±5.57 GA(2) 76 44.83±3.00* 33.91 < 0.01 22.430 AA(3) 22 51.70±5.54*# CYC2C19 *1/*1(1) 74 41.70±5.61 *1/*2、*1/*3、*2/*17(2) 102 45.06±3.43* 32.93 < 0.01 21.62 *2/*2、*2/*3、*3/*3(3) 20 50.88±6.01*# ABCB1 CC(1) 66 42.80±5.03 CT(2) 110 44.30±4.61 20.43 < 0.01 24.506 TT(3) 20 50.85±6.36*# q检验:与(1)比较*P < 0.05;与(2)比较#P < 0.05 表 2 不同基因型血小板聚集率比较(x±s;%)
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病人随访期间内,发生心脑血管缺血事件共16例。但不同基因分型病人心脑血管缺血事件发生率间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 3)。
基因型 n 主要心血管
不良事件χ2 P PON1 GG 98 8(8.2) GA 76 6(7.9) 0.03△ >0.05 AA 22 2(9.1) CYC2C19 *1/*1 74 10(13.5) *1/*2、*1/*3、*2/*17 102 6(5.8) 5.31△ >0.05 *2/*2、*2/*3、*3/*3 20 0(0.0) ABCB1 CC 66 6(9.0) CT 110 8(7.2) 0.28△ >0.05 TT 20 2(10.0) △示校正χ2值 表 3 不同基因分型病人临床终点事件比较[n;百分率(%)]
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196例病人共发生主要心血管不良事件16例,严重出血4例,其中慢代谢组均无心血管不良事件及严重出血事件发生,但2组病人主要心血管不良事件及严重出血发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 4)。
分组 n 主要心血管不良事件 总发生率 严重出血 急性脑卒中 复发心绞痛导致住院 急性心肌梗死 正常组 172 6(3.4) 8(4.6) 2(1.1) 16(9.2) 4(2.3) 慢代谢组 24 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) χ2 — 0.09△ 0.29△ 0.31△ 1.35△ 0.00△ P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 △示校正χ2值 表 4 主要心血管不良事件比较[n; 百分率(%)]
CYP2C19、ABCB1和PON1基因多态性对ACS病人PCI术后氯吡格雷治疗的影响
Effect of the CYP2C19, ABCB1 and PON1 gene polymorphisms on the clopidogrel in the treatment of ACS after PCI
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摘要:
目的研究CYP2C19、ABCB1和PON1基因多态性对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)病人经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后氯吡格雷治疗的影响。 方法选取PCI术后服用阿司匹林和氯吡格雷双联抗血小板治疗的ACS病人196例,根据病人CYP2C19、ABCB1、PON1基因检测结果,分为正常组172例和慢代谢组24例,分别给予常规治疗和替格瑞洛替代对照治疗。所有病人连续服用药物5 d后测定血小板聚集率,并对病人进行1年临床随访,记录主要心血管不良事件,比较病人血小板聚集率和临床终点事件。 结果PON1、CYP2C19、ABCBl不同分型病人血小板聚集率间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。随访1年,PON1、CYP2C19、ABCBl不同分型病人临床终点事件间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。正常组病人随访心血管不良事件16例,严重出血事件4例,而慢代谢组均无心血管不良事件及严重出血事件发生,但2组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论CYP2C19、ABCB1和PON1基因多态性与冠心病病人PCI术后氯吡格雷抵抗有一定关系,慢代谢病人应用替格瑞洛可能具有较好临床效果。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of the gene polymorphisms of CYP2C19, ABCB1 and PON1 on clopidogrel in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes(ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention. MethodsA total of 98 patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy of aspirin and clopidogrel after PCI were divided into the normal group(172 cases) and slow metabolism group(24 cases) according to the gene detection of CYP2C19, ABCB1 and PON1.The normal group and slow metabolism group were given the routine treatment and ticagrelor instead of control treatment, respectively.The platelet aggregation rates in two groups were measured after 5 days of continuous treatment, and the patients were followed up for 1 year.The major cardiovascular adverse events were recorded in two groups, and the platelet aggregation rates and clinical endpoint events were compared between two groups. ResultsThe differences of the platelet aggregation rates among the patients with different types of PON1、CYP2C19、ABCBl were statistically significant(P < 0.01).After 1 year of following up, the differences of the clinical endpoint events among the patients with different types of PON1、CYP2C19、ABCBl were not statistically significant(P>0.05).There were 16 cases with adverse cardiovascular events and 4 cases with severe bleeding events in the normal group, while there was not adverse cardiovascular events or severe bleeding events in the slow metabolic group, and the difference of which was not statistically significant(P>0.05). ConclusionsThe polymorphisms of CYP2C19, ABCB1 and PON1 genes are associated with clopidogrel resistance in CHD patients after PCI.Ticagrelor may have better clinical effectsin patients with slow metabolism. -
表 1 2组病人一般临床资料比较(x±s)
分组 n 年龄/岁 男 女 吸烟 饮酒 合并症 合并用药 高血压 脑梗死 高血脂症 糖尿病 他汀类 β受体阻抗剂 ACEI/ARB 硝酸酯类 正常组 172 65.53±10.84 129 43 82(47.6) 96(55.8) 100(58.1) 26(15.1) 6(3.4) 46(26.7) 68(39.5) 18(10.4) 26(15.1) 28(16.2) 慢代谢组 24 65.41±9.02 14 10 10(41.6) 10(41.6) 18(75.0) 6(25.0) 0(0.0) 6(25.0) 24(100.0) 8(33.3) 14(58.3) 8(33.3) t — 0.05 0.09* 0.31* 1.70* 2.50* 1.51* 0.86* 0.03* 30.92* 9.57* 24.22* 4.09* P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 分组 n 血小板计数/(×109/L) 血红蛋白/(g/L) 总胆固醇/(mmol/L) 三酰甘油/(mmol/L) 低密度脂蛋白/(mmol/L) 肌酐/(μmol/L) 空腹血糖/(mmol/L) 纤维蛋白原/(g/L) 正常组 172 171.44±154.53 131.31±13.52 4.84±5.45 1.45±0.83 2.55±0.97 81.02±27.43 6.07±1.60 3.45±1.78 慢代谢组 24 177.83±58.95 127.91±16.63 3.96±0.89 1.38±0.73 2.61±0.84 81.39±19.41 5.82±1.94 3.05±1.13 t — 0.20 1.12 0.79 0.39 0.29 0.06 0.70 1.07 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 *示χ2值 表 2 不同基因型血小板聚集率比较(x±s;%)
基因型 n 血小板聚集率 F P MS组内 PON1 GG(1) 98 42.55±5.57 GA(2) 76 44.83±3.00* 33.91 < 0.01 22.430 AA(3) 22 51.70±5.54*# CYC2C19 *1/*1(1) 74 41.70±5.61 *1/*2、*1/*3、*2/*17(2) 102 45.06±3.43* 32.93 < 0.01 21.62 *2/*2、*2/*3、*3/*3(3) 20 50.88±6.01*# ABCB1 CC(1) 66 42.80±5.03 CT(2) 110 44.30±4.61 20.43 < 0.01 24.506 TT(3) 20 50.85±6.36*# q检验:与(1)比较*P < 0.05;与(2)比较#P < 0.05 表 3 不同基因分型病人临床终点事件比较[n;百分率(%)]
基因型 n 主要心血管
不良事件χ2 P PON1 GG 98 8(8.2) GA 76 6(7.9) 0.03△ >0.05 AA 22 2(9.1) CYC2C19 *1/*1 74 10(13.5) *1/*2、*1/*3、*2/*17 102 6(5.8) 5.31△ >0.05 *2/*2、*2/*3、*3/*3 20 0(0.0) ABCB1 CC 66 6(9.0) CT 110 8(7.2) 0.28△ >0.05 TT 20 2(10.0) △示校正χ2值 表 4 主要心血管不良事件比较[n; 百分率(%)]
分组 n 主要心血管不良事件 总发生率 严重出血 急性脑卒中 复发心绞痛导致住院 急性心肌梗死 正常组 172 6(3.4) 8(4.6) 2(1.1) 16(9.2) 4(2.3) 慢代谢组 24 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) χ2 — 0.09△ 0.29△ 0.31△ 1.35△ 0.00△ P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 △示校正χ2值 -
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