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如今,随着人们健康体检意识的增强与超声诊断技术的提高,甲状腺癌检出率逐年增加[1],在4种病理类型中,最常见的病理类型为乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC),占80%以上,其中女性为主。世界卫生组织将直径≤10 mm的PTC定义为甲状腺微小乳头状癌(papillary thyroid microcarcinoma,PTMC),目前对PTMC的治疗首选为手术治疗[2]。传统手术会在颈部留下明显的瘢痕,给病人带来一定心理创伤,无法满足年轻病人对美的追求。腔镜技术的出现,因其可将切口隐蔽,越来越受病人与外科医生的喜欢。随着器械的改进与医生经验的提高,腔镜甲状腺技术从运用于良性甲状腺肿瘤到恶性甲状腺肿瘤,甚至颈侧区淋巴结清扫[3-4]。本研究回顾性分析蚌埠医学院第一附属医院肿瘤外科甲乳病区从2019年6月至2020年4月完成免充气经腋窝入路(腔镜组)PTMC 35例与传统开放手术(开放组)45例临床资料,并进行随访至少3个月,就此术式与疗效作一报道。
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腔镜组病人的平均年龄较开放组小(P<0.01)。2组在性别比例、肿块大小、肿瘤位置差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 n 男 女 年龄/岁 肿块直径/mm 肿块位置 左 右 腔镜组 35 7 28 36.6±7.6 6.1±2.2 14 21 开放组 45 10 35 44.3±10.9 6.6±2.1 17 28 χ2 — 0.06 3.72* 0.92* 0.04 P — >0.05 < 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 *示t值 表 1 2组一般资料的比较(x±s)
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2组均成功完成手术,其中腔镜组全部在腔镜下完成,无一例中转开放。腔镜组较开放组手术时间较长、术后第1天引流量多,但术中出血量少、术后第3天VAS评分低(P<0.01)。2组手术在术后住院时间、中央区淋巴结清扫上差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n 手术时间/min 术中出血量/mL 术后第1天引流量/mL 术后住院时间/d 中央区淋巴结清扫数目 中央区淋巴结清扫阳性数目 术后第3天颈部VAS/分 腔镜组 35 109.0±23.9 24.3±4.2 62.7±9.5 4.3±1.1 3.1±2.5 0.8±1.3 2.5±0.6 开放组 45 64.5±16.4 31.4±5.9 51.4±6.7 4.0±0.7 2.4±2.4 0.7±1.0 3.5±0.7 t — 9.42* 6.02 5.95* 1.40* 1.27 0.52 6.80 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 <0.01 *示t′值 表 2 2组围手术期资料比较(x±s)
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腔镜组出现3例短暂性喉返神经麻痹,开放组出现5例短暂性喉返神经麻痹,均在术后1个月恢复。腔镜组出现1例、开放组出现2例轻微呛咳,1周后症状消失。2组均未出现淋巴瘘、切口血肿及切口感染,无气管、食管损伤,2组病人术后并发症比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.28, P>0.05)。
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术后所有病人随访3~10个月,复查甲状腺彩超及颈部淋巴结彩超、甲状腺功能、甲状腺球蛋白均在正常范围内,均无肿瘤复发与转移。术后3个月美容效果满意度评分,腔镜组(4.0±0.7)分较开放组的(2.2±0.7)分高,差异有统计学意义(t=11.25, P<0.01)[1]。
免充气经腋窝入路腔镜下甲状腺微小乳头状癌手术疗效评价
Effect evaluation of endoscopic surgery for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma through axillary approach without inflation
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摘要:
目的探讨免充气经腋窝入路治疗甲状腺微小乳头状癌的手术经验及疗效。 方法选取80例甲状腺微小乳头状癌病人,其中行腔镜手术35例(腔镜组),开放手术45例(开放组),比较2组病人围手术期资料、并发症及随访情况等资料。 结果腔镜组平均年龄较开放组年轻(P<0.05);腔镜组平均手术时间及术后第1天引流液量均较开放组多(P<0.01);腔镜组术中出血量比开放组少(P<0.01);术后第3天颈部VAS评分腔镜组较开放组低(P<0.05);中央区清扫后平均淋巴结数目腔镜组与开放组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组病人术后住院时间、术后并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);腔镜组术后美容满意度较高(P<0.01);随访3个月以上,均未见复发与转移。 结论免充气经腋窝入路腔镜下甲状腺微小乳头状癌手术安全可行,与开放手术相当,并具有较佳的美容效果。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the surgical experience and curative effects of the axillary approach without inflation in the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. MethodsA total of 80 patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were divided into the endoscope group(35 cases treated with endoscopic surgery) and open group(45 cases treated with open surgery).The perioperative data, complications and following-up data were compared between two groups. ResultsThe average age in endoscope group was younger than that in open group(P<0.05), the average operation time and amount of drainage fluid on the first day after the operation in endoscope group were more than those in open group(P<0.01), and the intraoperative blood loss in endoscope group was less than that in open group(P<0.01).The neck VAS score in endoscope group was lower than that in open group on the third day after operation(P<0.05).The difference of the average number of lymph nodes after central dissection between two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).There was no statistical significance in the postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications between two groups(P>0.05).The postoperative cosmetic satisfaction in endoscope group was higher than that in open group(P<0.01).All cases were followed up for more than 3 months, and no recurrence or metastasis case was found. ConclusionsThe axillary approach without inflation in the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is safe and feasible, has better cosmetic effects, and which is comparable to open surgery. -
表 1 2组一般资料的比较(x±s)
分组 n 男 女 年龄/岁 肿块直径/mm 肿块位置 左 右 腔镜组 35 7 28 36.6±7.6 6.1±2.2 14 21 开放组 45 10 35 44.3±10.9 6.6±2.1 17 28 χ2 — 0.06 3.72* 0.92* 0.04 P — >0.05 < 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 *示t值 表 2 2组围手术期资料比较(x±s)
分组 n 手术时间/min 术中出血量/mL 术后第1天引流量/mL 术后住院时间/d 中央区淋巴结清扫数目 中央区淋巴结清扫阳性数目 术后第3天颈部VAS/分 腔镜组 35 109.0±23.9 24.3±4.2 62.7±9.5 4.3±1.1 3.1±2.5 0.8±1.3 2.5±0.6 开放组 45 64.5±16.4 31.4±5.9 51.4±6.7 4.0±0.7 2.4±2.4 0.7±1.0 3.5±0.7 t — 9.42* 6.02 5.95* 1.40* 1.27 0.52 6.80 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 <0.01 *示t′值 -
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