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乳腺癌是最常见的女性恶性肿瘤。全球肿瘤流行病学统计数据显示,2018年全球新增女性癌症病人大约有860万,其中有24.2%为乳腺癌;因为癌症死亡的女性有420万,其中乳腺癌病人占据15%[1]。目前早期乳腺癌的治疗还是强调以手术为主的综合治疗,传统开放的保乳手术(breast-conserving surgery, BCS)和前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy, SLNB)已比较成熟,在各级医院都陆续开展,但在腔镜下同时行此两种术式的报道不多。我院开展的103例,其中通过经腋窝小切口腔镜下手术41例,传统开放手术62例,效果良好,现作报道。
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腔镜组SLN检出数量和检出率稍高于传统开放组,但2组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 n SLN检出个数 SLN检出 腔镜组 41 3.6±1.59 38(92.7) 传统开放组 62 3.2±1.43 56(90.3) χ2 — 1.33△ 0.00 P — >0.05 >0.05 △示t值 表 1 前哨淋巴结检出数量及检出率比较[n;百分率(%)]
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腔镜组与传统开放组的手术时间、术后引流时间、住院时间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腔镜组术中出血量稍高于传统开放组, 但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n 手术时间/min 术中出血量/mL 术后引流时间/d 住院时间/d 腔镜组 41 77.3±28.56 22.4±7.18 5.1±2.56 5.6±2.89 传统开放组 62 65.8±29.78 18.5±11.5 6.2±3.03 6.3±2.10 t — 1.95 1.93 -1.92 1.34 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 表 2 2组手术情况的比较(x±s)
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腔镜组病人对乳房外观的满意率为100.0%(41/41),高于对照组的83.87%(52/62)(P<0.05)(见表 3)。
分组 n 非常满意 比较满意 一般 不满意 满意度 χ2 P 腔镜组 41 36(87.8) 5(12.2) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 41(100.0) 5.60 <0.05 传统开放组 62 21(33.9) 31(50.0) 10(16.1) 0(0.0) 52(83.9) 合计 103 57(53.3) 36(35.0) 10(9.7) 0(0.0) 93(90.3) 表 3 2组病人术后3个月时对乳房外观满意度比较[n;百分率(%)]
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传统开放组术后切口感染、切口积液、患肢轻度水肿和患肢前臂麻木等常见并发症稍多于腔镜组,但2组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 4)。
分组 n 切口感染 切口积液 患肢轻度水肿 患肢前臂麻木 总发生率 腔镜组 41 0(0.00) 1(2.44) 1(2.44) 1(2.44) 3(7.32) 传统开放组 62 2(3.22) 4(6.45) 2(3.22) 3(4.84) 11(17.74) χ2 — 0.19 0.21 0.00 0.01 2.28 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 表 4 2组术后并发症的比较[n;百分率(%)]
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随访6~11个月,中位随访时间为8.5个月,2组病人患侧上肢活动良好,无局部复发或远处转移病例。
腔镜下早期乳腺癌保乳和前哨淋巴结活检术的应用效果观察
The clinical application value of breast-conserving and sentinel lymph node biopsy under laparoscopy in early breast cancer
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摘要:
目的探讨腔镜经腋窝小切口行早期乳腺癌保乳和前哨淋巴结活检术的临床价值及效果。 方法103例早期乳腺癌病人根据手术方法分为腔镜组(41例)和传统开放组(62例),比较2组前哨淋巴结检出数量及检出率、围手术期指标、乳房外观满意度、术后并发症等情况。 结果103例病人均成功完成手术,腔镜组无中转开放病例,成功率100%;2组前哨淋巴结检出数量及检出率、围手术期指标、术后并发症比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);腔镜组术后乳房外观满意度为100.0%,明显高于传统开放组的83.87%(P < 0.05);随访6~11个月,中位随访时间为8.5个月,2组病人上肢活动良好,无局部复发或远处转移病例。 结论腔镜经腋窝小切口行保乳和前哨淋巴结活检术治疗早期乳腺癌与传统开放手术疗效相当,且手术切口隐蔽、乳房美容效果更好、生存质量更高,值得临床推广。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical application value of endoscopic small axillary incision for breast-conserving and sentinel lymph node biopsy under laparoscopy in early breast cancer. MethodsOne hundred and three patients with early breast cancer were divided into the endoscopic group(n=41) and traditional open group(n=62) according to the surgical methods.The number and detection rate of sentinel lymph nodes, perioperative indexes, breast appearance satisfaction and postoperative complications were compared between two groups. ResultsThe operations of all patients were successfully completed.No transfer case was found in endoscopic group, and the success rate of the endoscopic group was 100%.The differences of the number and detection rate of sentinel lymph nodes, perioperative indexes and postoperative complications between two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The postoperative breast appearance satisfaction of the endoscopic group was 100.0%, which was significantly higher than that of traditional open group(83.87%)(P < 0.05).Two groups were followed for 6 to 11 months, and the median follow-up time was 8.5 months.No transfer case was found in endoscopic group.The upper limb movement were good, and there was no local recurrence or distant metastasis in two groups. ConclusionsThe clinical effects of the endoscopic small axillary incision for breast conserving combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy in treating early breast cancer is similar to that of traditional open surgery.In addition, the surgical incision is concealed, the cosmetic effect of breast is better, the quality of life is higher, and which is worthy of clinical promotion. -
Key words:
- breast neoplasm /
- sentinel lymph node /
- breast-conserving surgery /
- laparoscopy
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表 1 前哨淋巴结检出数量及检出率比较[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n SLN检出个数 SLN检出 腔镜组 41 3.6±1.59 38(92.7) 传统开放组 62 3.2±1.43 56(90.3) χ2 — 1.33△ 0.00 P — >0.05 >0.05 △示t值 表 2 2组手术情况的比较(x±s)
分组 n 手术时间/min 术中出血量/mL 术后引流时间/d 住院时间/d 腔镜组 41 77.3±28.56 22.4±7.18 5.1±2.56 5.6±2.89 传统开放组 62 65.8±29.78 18.5±11.5 6.2±3.03 6.3±2.10 t — 1.95 1.93 -1.92 1.34 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 表 3 2组病人术后3个月时对乳房外观满意度比较[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n 非常满意 比较满意 一般 不满意 满意度 χ2 P 腔镜组 41 36(87.8) 5(12.2) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 41(100.0) 5.60 <0.05 传统开放组 62 21(33.9) 31(50.0) 10(16.1) 0(0.0) 52(83.9) 合计 103 57(53.3) 36(35.0) 10(9.7) 0(0.0) 93(90.3) 表 4 2组术后并发症的比较[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n 切口感染 切口积液 患肢轻度水肿 患肢前臂麻木 总发生率 腔镜组 41 0(0.00) 1(2.44) 1(2.44) 1(2.44) 3(7.32) 传统开放组 62 2(3.22) 4(6.45) 2(3.22) 3(4.84) 11(17.74) χ2 — 0.19 0.21 0.00 0.01 2.28 P — >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 -
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