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妊娠期高血压为妊娠期常见并发症之一,多于妊娠20周后发生,我国妊娠期高血压发病率为5%~9%,国外报道为7%~12%,是导致孕产妇及围产儿死亡的重要原因,积极进行防治,对改善母婴健康具有重要意义[1-2]。目前临床关于妊娠期高血压尚无特效治疗药物,仍以预防为重点[3]。临床研究[4-5]显示,随着人们生活水平的提高,孕龄期女性超重、肥胖问题日益突出,超重、肥胖问题不仅增加妊娠期及围产期并发症发生风险,还会影响胎儿的正常生长发育。国内相关报道[6]指出,妊娠期脂质代谢发生变化导致孕妇血脂水平处于异常表达状态,可能参与妊娠期高血压的发病。此外,妊娠期高血压最基本的病理生理改变是全身小动脉的痉挛,严重时可引发心、肝、肾等重要脏器的损害,从而影响母婴健康[7-8]。基于此,本研究探讨孕期体质量增值、血脂水平与孕妇妊娠期高血压靶器官损害及妊娠结局的关系,旨在为该病的防治提供参考。现作报道。
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研究组年龄、孕周、经产情况、孕前检查、户籍地、吸烟史、饮酒史与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组孕前BMI、孕期体质量增值、高血压病家族史及TG、TC、LDL-C水平均较对照组高(P<0.01),HDL-C水平较对照组低(P<0.01)(见表 1)。
项目 研究组(n=85) 对照组(n=60) t P 年龄/岁 27.45±2.69 26.82±2.41 1.45 >0.05 孕周/周 35.26±2.17 35.81±2.43 1.43 >0.05 经产情况(初产/非初产) 58/27 38/22 0.38* >0.05 孕前BMI/(kg/m2) 23.48±2.16 21.26±1.84 6.47 < 0.01 孕期体质量增值/kg 17.24±3.88 13.86±3.75 5.24 < 0.01 高血压病家族史(有/无) 33/52 11/49 6.99* < 0.01 孕前检查(有/无) 53/32 38/22 0.02* >0.05 TG/(mmol/L) 5.30±1.22 3.12±0.85 11.94 < 0.01 TC/(mmol/L) 6.71±1.43 5.38±0.92 6.34* < 0.01 HDL-C/(mmol/L) 1.75±0.38 1.97±0.43 3.25 < 0.01 LDL-C/(mmol/L) 3.51±0.79 3.08±0.66 3.45 < 0.01 户籍地(城镇/农村) 41/44 32/28 0.37* >0.05 吸烟史(有/无) 15/70 8/52 0.49* >0.05 饮酒史(有/无) 18/67 9/51 0.89* >0.05 *示χ2值 表 1 一般资料比较(x±s)
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以是否发生妊娠期高血压作为因变量(未发生为0,发生赋值为1),将单因素分析结果中差异有统计学意义的孕前BMI、孕期体质量增值、高血压病家族史及TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平作为自变量,纳入logistic回归分析模型,结果显示,孕前BMI、孕期体质量增值、高血压病家族史及TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平均为妊娠期高血压发生的影响因素(P<0.05~P<0.01)(见表 2)。
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR 95%CI 孕前BMI 1.026 0.521 3.875 < 0.01 2.789 1.243~6.257 孕期体质量增值 0.880 0.375 5.513 < 0.01 2.412 1.359~4.281 高血压病家族史 1.300 0.620 4.394 < 0.01 3.668 1.866~7.209 TG 0.593 0.226 6.881 < 0.01 1.809 1.105~2.962 TC 0.566 0.257 4.845 < 0.01 1.761 1.450~2.138 HDL-C -0.648 0.359 3.526 < 0.05 0.523 0.315~0.869 LDL-C 0.652 0.342 3.629 < 0.05 1.918 1.307~2.816 表 2 妊娠期高血压发生的影响因素分析
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研究组随着靶器官损害数目的增加,病人的孕期体质量增值、TG、TC、与LDL-C水平增高(P<0.05~P<0.01),HDL-C水平降低(P<0.01)(见表 3)。
靶器官损害情况 n 孕期体质量增值/kg TG/(mmol/L) TC/(mmol/L) HDL-C/(mmol/L) LDL-C/(mmol/L) 无靶器官损害 21 15.81±2.10 4.39±0.95 5.87±0.97 1.85±0.39 3.12±0.61 1个靶器官损害 40 17.80±2.76** 5.48±1.19** 6.62±1.05* 1.37±0.34** 3.83±0.68** ≥2个靶器官损害 24 20.37±3.11**△△ 8.38±1.04**△△ 8.81±1.32**△△ 0.99±0.22**△△ 4.86±0.73**△△ F — 15.99 84.01 44.66 39.25 37.94 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 7.412 1.197 1.243 0.106 0.460 q检验:与无靶器官损害组比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与1个靶器官损害组比较△△P<0.01 表 3 研究组不同靶器官损害情况病人的孕期体质量增值、血脂水平(x±s)
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孕期体质量增值、TG、TC、LDL-C水平与靶器官损害间呈正相关关系(P<0.01),HDL-C水平与靶器官损害间呈负相关关系(P<0.01)(见表 4)。
指标 孕期体质量增值 TG TC HDL-C LDL-C 靶器官损害情况 r 0.346 0.571 0.526 -0.491 0.452 P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 表 4 妊娠期高血压孕期体质量增值、血脂水平与靶器官损害的关联性分析
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孕期体质量增值、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平联合评估靶器官损害的AUC为0.879,大于各指标单一评估,最佳评估敏感度、特异度分别为73.82%、92.40%(P<0.01)(见图 1~2、表 5)。
指标 AUC 95%CI Z P 截断值 截断值敏感度/% 截断值特异度/% 孕期体质量增值 0.789 0.679~0.899 5.129 <0.01 >17.21 kg 69.44 92.31 TG 0.819 0.681~0.958 4.529 <0.01 >5.67 mmol/L 73.61 84.62 TC 0.810 0.710~0.910 6.074 <0.01 >6.80 mmol/L 66.67 92.28 HDL-C 0.754 0.595~0.913 3.132 <0.01 ≤1.57 mmol/L 83.33 61.54 LDL-C 0.782 0.665~0.900 4.704 <0.01 >3.69 mmol/L 69.38 84.59 联合预测 0.879 0.773~0.985 7.001 <0.01 — 73.82 92.40 表 5 孕期体质量增值、血脂水平评估靶器官损害情况的效能分析
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随访至妊娠结束,统计研究组妊娠结局,其中产后出血2例,胎儿宫内窘迫4例,早产儿6例,胎膜早破2例,羊水过少4例,纳入妊娠结局不良,共18例。妊娠结局不良病人的孕期体质量增值、TG、TC、LDL-C水平均较妊娠结局良好病人高(P<0.01),HDL-C水平较妊娠结局良好病人低(P<0.01)(见表 6)。
妊娠结局 n 孕期体质量增值/kg TG/(mmol/L) TC/(mmol/L) HDL-C/ (mmol/L) LDL-C/ (mmol/L) 妊娠结局良好 67 16.12±3.59 5.13±1.31 6.60±1.13 1.85±0.52 3.37±0.75 妊娠结局不良 18 19.13±3.92 8.61±1.45 9.12±1.46 1.04±0.35 4.32±0.83 t — 3.10 9.78 7.88 6.23 4.66 P — <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 表 6 研究组妊娠结局良好与妊娠结局不良病人的孕期体质量增值、血脂水平(x±s)
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孕期体质量增值、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平联合预测妊娠结局不良的AUC为0.932,大于各指标单一预测,最佳预测敏感度、特异度分别为88.89%、88.06%(P<0.01)(见图 3~4、表 7)。
指标 AUC 95%CI Z P 截断值 截断值敏感度/% 截断值特异度/% 孕期体质量增值 0.822 0.710~0.933 5.652 <0.01 >18.04 kg 77.78 82.09 TG 0.804 0.694~0.915 5.413 <0.01 >6.94 mmol/L 77.78 74.63 TC 0.819 0.707~0.931 5.595 <0.01 >7.42 mmol/L 83.33 67.16 HDL-C 0.786 0.682~0.889 5.413 <0.01 ≤1.64 mmol/L 94.44 56.72 LDL-C 0.773 0.651~0.895 4.384 <0.01 >3.99 mmol/L 72.22 77.61 联合预测 0.932 0.875~0.989 14.817 <0.01 — 88.89 88.06 表 7 孕期体质量增值、血脂水平预测妊娠结局不良的效能分析
孕期体质量增值、血脂水平与孕妇妊娠期高血压靶器官损害及妊娠结局的关联性分析
Correlation analysis of the body mass gain and blood lipid level during pregnancy with target organ damage of pregnancy hypertension and pregnancy outcome
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摘要:
目的探讨孕期体质量增值、血脂水平与孕妇妊娠期高血压靶器官损害及妊娠结局的关联性。 方法选取85例妊娠期高血压孕妇作为研究组,随机选取同期60名正常孕妇作为对照组。统计比较2组一般资料,探讨妊娠期高血压发病的危险因素,比较研究组不同靶器官损害情况病人的孕期体质量增值、血脂水平,并分析孕期体质量增值、血脂水平与靶器官损害的关联性,随访至妊娠结束,统计研究组妊娠结局,比较妊娠结局良好与妊娠结局不良病人的孕期体质量增值、血脂水平,探究孕期体质量增值、血脂水平评估靶器官损害情况及预测妊娠结局不良的效能。 结果研究组孕前体质量指数(BMI)、孕期体质量增值、高血压病家族史及三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均高于对照组(P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平低于对照组(P<0.05);妊娠期高血压发生的影响因素包括孕前BMI、孕期体质量增值、高血压病家族史及TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平(P<0.05~P<0.01);孕期体质量增值、TG、TC、LDL-C水平与靶器官损害呈正相关关系(P<0.01),HDL-C水平与靶器官损害呈负相关关系(P<0.05);孕期体质量增值、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平联合评估靶器官损害情况的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.879,大于各指标单一评估,最佳评估敏感度、特异度分别为73.82%、92.40%;妊娠结局不良病人的孕期体质量增值、TG、TC、LDL-C水平高于妊娠结局良好病人,HDL-C水平低于妊娠结局良好患者病人(P<0.05);孕期体质量增值、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平联合预测妊娠结局不良的AUC为0.932,大于各指标单一预测,最佳预测敏感度、特异度分别为88.89%、88.06%。 结论孕期体质量增值、血脂水平与孕妇妊娠期高血压发病及靶器官损害密切相关,且能辅助临床评估靶器官损害情况、预测不良妊娠结局发生风险。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of the body mass gain and blood lipid level during pregnancy with target organ damage of pregnancy hypertension and pregnancy outcome. MethodsA total of 85 pregnant women with hypertension during pregnancy were set as the study group, and 60 normal pregnant women during the same period were randomly selected as the control group.The general data of two groups were statistically compared, and the risk factors of hypertension during pregnancy were investigated.The body mass gain and blood lipid level during pregnancy of patients with different target organ damage in study group were compared, and the correlation between the body mass gain, blood lipid level during pregnancy and target organ damage were analyzed.The study group was followed up to the end of pregnancy, and the pregnancy outcome of the study group was counted.The baody mass gain and blood lipid level during pregnancy were compared between patients with good and poor pregnancy outcomes and the efficacy of body mass gain and blood lipid level during pregnancy in assessing target organ damage and predicting poor pregnancy outcome were explored. ResultsBefore pregnancy, the body mass index(BMI), body mass gain during pregnancy, family history of hypertension, and levels of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) in study group were higher than those in control group(P<0.01), and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) level in study group was lower than that in control group(P<0.05).The BMI before pregnancy, body mass gain during pregnancy, family history of hypertension, and levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C were the influencing factors of hypertension during pregnancy(P<0.05 to P<0.01).The body mass gain during pregnancy, and levels of TG, TC and LDL-C were positively correlated with the target organ damage(P<0.01), and the HDL-C level was negatively correlated with target organ damage(P<0.05).The area under the curve (AUC) of body mass gain during pregnancy, and levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in the combined assessment of target organ damage was 0.879, which was greater than a single assessment of each index, and the best evaluation sensitivity and specificity were 73.82% and 92.40%, respectively.The body mass gain during pregnancy, and levels of TG, TC and LDL-C in patients with poor pregnancy outcome were higher than those in patients with good pregnancy outcome(P<0.05), and the HDL-C level in patients with poor pregnancy outcome was lower than that in patients with good pregnancy outcome(P<0.05).The AUC of body mass gain during pregnancy, and levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in the combined assessment of poor pregnancy outcome was 0.932, which was greater than a single assessment of each index, and the best evaluation sensitivity and specificity were 88.89% and 88.06%, respectively. ConclusionsThe body mass gain and blood lipid level during pregnancy are closely related to the onset of pregnancy-induced hypertension and target organ damage, and can assist the clinical assessment of target organ damage and predict the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. -
表 1 一般资料比较(x±s)
项目 研究组(n=85) 对照组(n=60) t P 年龄/岁 27.45±2.69 26.82±2.41 1.45 >0.05 孕周/周 35.26±2.17 35.81±2.43 1.43 >0.05 经产情况(初产/非初产) 58/27 38/22 0.38* >0.05 孕前BMI/(kg/m2) 23.48±2.16 21.26±1.84 6.47 < 0.01 孕期体质量增值/kg 17.24±3.88 13.86±3.75 5.24 < 0.01 高血压病家族史(有/无) 33/52 11/49 6.99* < 0.01 孕前检查(有/无) 53/32 38/22 0.02* >0.05 TG/(mmol/L) 5.30±1.22 3.12±0.85 11.94 < 0.01 TC/(mmol/L) 6.71±1.43 5.38±0.92 6.34* < 0.01 HDL-C/(mmol/L) 1.75±0.38 1.97±0.43 3.25 < 0.01 LDL-C/(mmol/L) 3.51±0.79 3.08±0.66 3.45 < 0.01 户籍地(城镇/农村) 41/44 32/28 0.37* >0.05 吸烟史(有/无) 15/70 8/52 0.49* >0.05 饮酒史(有/无) 18/67 9/51 0.89* >0.05 *示χ2值 表 2 妊娠期高血压发生的影响因素分析
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR 95%CI 孕前BMI 1.026 0.521 3.875 < 0.01 2.789 1.243~6.257 孕期体质量增值 0.880 0.375 5.513 < 0.01 2.412 1.359~4.281 高血压病家族史 1.300 0.620 4.394 < 0.01 3.668 1.866~7.209 TG 0.593 0.226 6.881 < 0.01 1.809 1.105~2.962 TC 0.566 0.257 4.845 < 0.01 1.761 1.450~2.138 HDL-C -0.648 0.359 3.526 < 0.05 0.523 0.315~0.869 LDL-C 0.652 0.342 3.629 < 0.05 1.918 1.307~2.816 表 3 研究组不同靶器官损害情况病人的孕期体质量增值、血脂水平(x±s)
靶器官损害情况 n 孕期体质量增值/kg TG/(mmol/L) TC/(mmol/L) HDL-C/(mmol/L) LDL-C/(mmol/L) 无靶器官损害 21 15.81±2.10 4.39±0.95 5.87±0.97 1.85±0.39 3.12±0.61 1个靶器官损害 40 17.80±2.76** 5.48±1.19** 6.62±1.05* 1.37±0.34** 3.83±0.68** ≥2个靶器官损害 24 20.37±3.11**△△ 8.38±1.04**△△ 8.81±1.32**△△ 0.99±0.22**△△ 4.86±0.73**△△ F — 15.99 84.01 44.66 39.25 37.94 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 MS组内 — 7.412 1.197 1.243 0.106 0.460 q检验:与无靶器官损害组比较*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与1个靶器官损害组比较△△P<0.01 表 4 妊娠期高血压孕期体质量增值、血脂水平与靶器官损害的关联性分析
指标 孕期体质量增值 TG TC HDL-C LDL-C 靶器官损害情况 r 0.346 0.571 0.526 -0.491 0.452 P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 表 5 孕期体质量增值、血脂水平评估靶器官损害情况的效能分析
指标 AUC 95%CI Z P 截断值 截断值敏感度/% 截断值特异度/% 孕期体质量增值 0.789 0.679~0.899 5.129 <0.01 >17.21 kg 69.44 92.31 TG 0.819 0.681~0.958 4.529 <0.01 >5.67 mmol/L 73.61 84.62 TC 0.810 0.710~0.910 6.074 <0.01 >6.80 mmol/L 66.67 92.28 HDL-C 0.754 0.595~0.913 3.132 <0.01 ≤1.57 mmol/L 83.33 61.54 LDL-C 0.782 0.665~0.900 4.704 <0.01 >3.69 mmol/L 69.38 84.59 联合预测 0.879 0.773~0.985 7.001 <0.01 — 73.82 92.40 表 6 研究组妊娠结局良好与妊娠结局不良病人的孕期体质量增值、血脂水平(x±s)
妊娠结局 n 孕期体质量增值/kg TG/(mmol/L) TC/(mmol/L) HDL-C/ (mmol/L) LDL-C/ (mmol/L) 妊娠结局良好 67 16.12±3.59 5.13±1.31 6.60±1.13 1.85±0.52 3.37±0.75 妊娠结局不良 18 19.13±3.92 8.61±1.45 9.12±1.46 1.04±0.35 4.32±0.83 t — 3.10 9.78 7.88 6.23 4.66 P — <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 表 7 孕期体质量增值、血脂水平预测妊娠结局不良的效能分析
指标 AUC 95%CI Z P 截断值 截断值敏感度/% 截断值特异度/% 孕期体质量增值 0.822 0.710~0.933 5.652 <0.01 >18.04 kg 77.78 82.09 TG 0.804 0.694~0.915 5.413 <0.01 >6.94 mmol/L 77.78 74.63 TC 0.819 0.707~0.931 5.595 <0.01 >7.42 mmol/L 83.33 67.16 HDL-C 0.786 0.682~0.889 5.413 <0.01 ≤1.64 mmol/L 94.44 56.72 LDL-C 0.773 0.651~0.895 4.384 <0.01 >3.99 mmol/L 72.22 77.61 联合预测 0.932 0.875~0.989 14.817 <0.01 — 88.89 88.06 -
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