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癫痫是神经系统常见病和慢性病,是一组疾病或综合征,病因非常复杂。阿尔茨海默病(AD)是发生于老年人和老年前期,以进行性认知功能障碍和行为损害为特征的中枢神经系统退行性病变,约有15.8%的病人出现癫痫发作[1]。AD病人比同年龄阶段不患该病的人群发生癫痫的概率高出10倍以上,因癫痫和AD在病理生理及发病机制方面具有相关性[2]。我院神经内科2010-2019年共诊治230例癫痫病人,其中17例合并AD,现就其发病机制、临床特征、治疗及癫痫和AD病情的相互影响进行分析,旨在提高对癫痫和AD的认识。
阿尔茨海默病相关性癫痫的临床分析
Clinical analysis of epilepsy associated with Alzheimer disease
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摘要:
目的对癫痫合并阿尔茨海默病(AD)的临床特征进行分析。 方法230例癫痫病人中17例癫痫合并AD的病人设为观察组,213例不伴AD的病人设为对照组,对2组病人的临床表现、脑电图检测、影像学检查、实验室检查、治疗及预后等进行分析。 结果观察组17例病人中发生在AD早期6例,中期3例,晚期8例;癫痫发作类型:全身性强直-阵挛发作8例,复杂部分性发作12例,单纯部分性发作1例;3例出现癫痫持续状态。观察组脑电图异常率为82.35%(14/17),高于对照组的43.19%(92/213)(P<0.01);脑萎缩发生率为70.59%,明显高于对照组的4.69%(P<0.01);发病年龄明显高于对照组(P<0.01);观察组12例Aβ42降低、总tau蛋白升高、磷酸化tau蛋白升高;观察组应用抗癫痫药物治疗效果欠佳,AD加重时癫痫发作增多。 结论癫痫发作可在AD任何时期,癫痫和AD在病理和发病机制上有相关性,颞叶海马硬化是AD病人癫痫发作的病理基础。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical features of epilepsy complicated with Alzheimer's disease(AD). MethodsAmong 230 epilepsy patients, 17 patients with epilepsy complicated with AD were divided into the observation group, and 213 patients without AD were set as the control group.The clinical manifestations, electroencephalogram, imaging, laboratory examination, treatment and prognosis in two groups were analyzed. ResultsIn the observation group, 6 cases occurred in early AD, 3 cases occurred in middle AD, and 8 cases occurred in late AD.For the epileptic seizure type, 8 cases were systemic tonic-clonic seizure, 12 cases were complex partial seizure, and 1 case was simple partial seizure.Three patients developed epileptic status.The abnormal rate of electroencephalogram in observation group was 82.35%(14/17), which was higher than that in the control group(43.19%, 92/213) (P<0.01).The incidence rate of brain atrophy in observation group(70.59%) was significantly higher than that in control group(4.69%) (P<0.01).The age of onset in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.01).In the observation group, the Aβ42 decreased, total tau protein increased, and phosphorylated tau protein increased in 12 cases.In the observation group, the effects of antiepileptic drugs was not good, and the epileptic seizures increased with the aggravation of AD. ConclusionsEpilepsy can occur at any stage of AD.Epilepsy and AD are correlated in pathology and pathogenesis.Temporal lobe hippocampal sclerosis is the pathological basis of epileptic seizures in AD patients. -
Key words:
- epilepsy /
- Alzheimer's disease /
- hippocampal sclerosisy
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