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甲状腺肿瘤是临床常见疾病,伴随高频超声的广泛应用,高达30%~67%的正常人可以检测出甲状腺结节[1]。因此,甲状腺癌的发病率逐年增加,临床检出的结节中约5%~15%为恶性[2]。肿瘤的产生依赖于血管的形成,良恶性肿瘤的生长与其血供特点密不可分[3]。随着医学影像技术的日益发展,超微血管三维立体成像(smart three-dimensional superb microvascular imaging,Smart 3D SMI)出现并日益发展[4], 有文献报道称[5]SMI能够检测乳腺肿瘤内部的穿支血管,有助于辨别肿瘤的良恶性。但Smart 3D SMI在甲状腺领域的研究甚少。本研究通过分析甲状腺结节的血流灌注特性,探讨Smart 3D SMI技术评估结节微血管灌注的可行性。
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本研究共选入甲状腺结节107枚,所有结节均通过二维超声和三维超微血管成像检查。44枚良性结节:包括16枚结节性甲状腺肿,28枚腺瘤。63枚恶性结节:包含62枚乳头状癌,1枚髓样癌。
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彩色多普勒(CDFI)、2D SMI和Smart 3D SMI三种方法对同一结节的血流评估差异有统计学意义(P<0.05~P<0.01)。Smart 3D SMI评估结节的血流分级优于CDFI(P<0.05),且良、恶性结节的Smart 3D SMI血流分级存在差异性(P<0.01)(见表 1、图 1)。
方法 结节数 0 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Hc P 良性结节 44 CDFI 18(40.9) 19(43.2) 5(11.4) 2(4.5) 2D SMI 14(31.8) 17(38.7) 10(22.7) 3(6.8) 8.91 <0.05 Smart 3D SMI 9(20.5) * 15(34.1)* 14(31.8)* 6(13.6)* 恶性结节 63 CDFI 7(11.1) 15(23.8) 27(42.9) 14(22.2) 2D SMI 5(7.9) 10(15.9) 25(39.7) 23(36.5) 17.46 <0.01 Smart 3D SMI 2(3.2)*## 5(7.9)*## 21(33.3)*## 35(55.6)*## 与CDFI比较*P<0.05;恶性结节Smart 3D SMI与良性结节Smart 3D SMI比较##P<0.01 表 1 三种方式评估甲状腺良、恶性结节的血流分级[个; 百分率(%)]
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良性结节的血流分布模式多为周围型和混合型,恶性结节多为穿入型和中心型。在良性组中,5枚结节经2D SMI检查为无血流型,但经Smart 3D SMI检查其中3枚为周围型,2枚为混合型。在恶性组中,2枚经2D SMI检查为无血流型,其中1枚Smart 3D SMI示为穿入型,另1枚示为中心型(见表 2)。三种扫查方式对良性结节血管分布的评估差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但对恶性结节的评估有明显差异(P<0.01)。
方法 结节数 无血流型 穿入型 周围型 中心型 混合型 Hc P 良性结节 44 CDFI 19(43.2) 1(2.3) 13(29.5) 2(4.5) 9(20.5) 2D SMI 13(29.5) 3(6.8) 16(36.4) 4(9.1) 8(18.2) 8.09 >0.05 Smart 3D SMI 8(18.2)** 3(6.8) ** 20(45.5)** 3(6.8)** 10(22.7)** 恶性结节 63 CDFI 8(12.7) 9(14.3) 11(17.4) 19(30.2) 16(25.4) 2D SMI 4(6.3) 16(25.4) 7(11.1) 25(39.7) 11(17.5) 20.27 <0.01 Smart 3D SMI 2(3.2)** 24(38.1)** 4(6.3)** 27(42.9)** 6(9.5)** 与CDFI组、2D SMI组比较**P<0.01 表 2 三种方法评价良、恶性结节的血流分布模式[n; 百分率(%)]
超微血管三维立体成像评估甲状腺结节血流的临床应用价值
Clinical application value of smart three-dimensional superb microvascular imaging in the evaluation of thyroid nodule blood flow
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摘要:
目的通过观察甲状腺结节的超微血管三维立体成像(Smart 3D SMI)声像图特征,探讨Smart 3D SMI评估甲状腺结节血流的应用价值。 方法对2018年3月至2019年12月107例病人采用彩色多普勒CDFI、超微血管二维(2D SMI)和三维成像(Smart3D SMI)技术,观察结节的血管走行、血流空间分布等特征,通过Alder半定量分级、穿支血管及血管分布形态评估结节的血管灌注特征。 结果Smart 3D SMI对甲状腺结节的血流评估优于CDFI,且良、恶性结节的血流分型差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。三种方法对恶性结节穿入血管的评估:CDFI检测率为14.3%、2D SMI 25.4%、Smart 3D SMI 38.1%,Smart 3D SMI对穿支血管的检测率最高。根据血管分布评估,5枚良性结节:2D SMI检查为无血流类型,其中3枚Smart 3D SMI显示为外周型,2枚为混合型。2枚恶性结节:2D SMI检查均为无血流类型,其中1枚Smart 3D SMI示为穿入型,另1枚为中心型。 结论Smart 3D SMI能够有效的甲状腺结节的微血管灌注特性,值得临床进一步推广和实践。 -
关键词:
- 甲状腺结节 /
- 超微血管三维立体成像 /
- 超声
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the ultrasonic characteristics of smart three-dimensional superb microvascular imaging (Smart 3D SMI) in thyroid nodule, and explore the application value of Smart 3D SMI in the evaluation of thyroid nodule blood flow. MethodsFrom March 2018 to December 2019, 107 patients(107 nodules) were detected using the color Doppler Flow Imaging(CDFI), 2D SMI and Smart 3D SMI to observe the blood vessels line and blood flow spatial distribution of the nodules.The vascular perfusion characteristics of nodules were evaluated using Alder semi-quantitative classification, perforator vessels and vascular distribution morphology. ResultsThe blood flow evaluation of Smart 3D SMI for thyroid nodule was better than that of CDFI, and the difference of blood flow classification between benign and malignant nodule was statistically significant(P<0.01).The results of three methods in the evaluation of malignant nodules penetrating into blood vessels showed that the detection rates of CDFI, 2D SMI and Smart 3D SMI were 14.3%, 25.4%, 38.1%, respectively, and the detection rates of Smart 3D SMI was the highest.According to the vascular distribution assessment, there were 5 benign nodules.The results of 2D SMI showed that 5 benign nodules were blood flow type, and the results of Smart 3D SMI showed that 3 benign nodules were peripheral type, and 2 benign nodules were mixed type.Among 2 malignant nodules, the results of 2D SMI showed that 2 malignant nodules were no blood flow type, and the results of Smart 3D SMI showed that 1 malignant nodule was penetrating type, and 1 malignant nodule was central type. ConclusionsSmart 3D SMI has high clinical application value in the evaluation of the microvascular perfusion characteristics of thyroid nodule, which is worthy of further promotion and practice in clinic. -
表 1 三种方式评估甲状腺良、恶性结节的血流分级[个; 百分率(%)]
方法 结节数 0 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Hc P 良性结节 44 CDFI 18(40.9) 19(43.2) 5(11.4) 2(4.5) 2D SMI 14(31.8) 17(38.7) 10(22.7) 3(6.8) 8.91 <0.05 Smart 3D SMI 9(20.5) * 15(34.1)* 14(31.8)* 6(13.6)* 恶性结节 63 CDFI 7(11.1) 15(23.8) 27(42.9) 14(22.2) 2D SMI 5(7.9) 10(15.9) 25(39.7) 23(36.5) 17.46 <0.01 Smart 3D SMI 2(3.2)*## 5(7.9)*## 21(33.3)*## 35(55.6)*## 与CDFI比较*P<0.05;恶性结节Smart 3D SMI与良性结节Smart 3D SMI比较##P<0.01 表 2 三种方法评价良、恶性结节的血流分布模式[n; 百分率(%)]
方法 结节数 无血流型 穿入型 周围型 中心型 混合型 Hc P 良性结节 44 CDFI 19(43.2) 1(2.3) 13(29.5) 2(4.5) 9(20.5) 2D SMI 13(29.5) 3(6.8) 16(36.4) 4(9.1) 8(18.2) 8.09 >0.05 Smart 3D SMI 8(18.2)** 3(6.8) ** 20(45.5)** 3(6.8)** 10(22.7)** 恶性结节 63 CDFI 8(12.7) 9(14.3) 11(17.4) 19(30.2) 16(25.4) 2D SMI 4(6.3) 16(25.4) 7(11.1) 25(39.7) 11(17.5) 20.27 <0.01 Smart 3D SMI 2(3.2)** 24(38.1)** 4(6.3)** 27(42.9)** 6(9.5)** 与CDFI组、2D SMI组比较**P<0.01 -
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