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重度脊柱侧后凸畸形是指侧凸、后凸Cobb角>90°的脊柱畸形[1-2]。其病理改变复杂,极易合并严重胸廓畸形,严重影响病人肺功能,因而病人手术耐受性差,矫形难度大,并发症多,风险极高。对于重度脊柱侧后凸畸形,目前常用的手术为经椎弓根截骨术(PSO)和后路全脊椎切除术(PVCR)[3]。因PSO截骨量较小而矫形程度有限,PVCR截骨量过大而风险过高[4],故介于二者之间的楔形截骨倍受临床青睐。楔形截骨术是PSO基础上的4级截骨,需切除临近椎间盘和上下终板[5]。已有临床研究[6]表明,经后路楔形截骨术能够有效降低重度脊柱侧后凸畸形病人的术中出血量、神经功能损伤及感染等风险,安全性高,加之其操作简单的优点,是目前临床的优选方案。本研究比较PSO与腰椎后路楔形截骨术治疗重度脊柱侧后凸畸形的临床疗效。现作报道。
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2组组内术前、术后Cobb角差异均有统计学意义(P <0.01),术后Cobb角明显低于术前(P <0.01);但术前和术后2组间Cobb角差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。典型病例:女,23岁,L1先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形,病人Cobb角从术前82°矫正为33°(见图 2)。
分组 n 术前/(°) 术后即刻/(°) 术后12个月/(°) F P MS组内 观察组 40 103.87±25.44 39.34±11.99** 40.05±9.43** 187.20 < 0.01 293.293 对照组 40 104.34±23.09 41.19±13.67** 41.57±10.27** 192.10 < 0.01 275.163 t — 0.09 0.64 0.69 — — — P — > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 — — — q检验:与术前比较** P < 0.01 表 1 2组手术前后的Cobb角比较(x±s)
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2组组内术前、术后ODI和ADL评分差异均有统计意义(P <0.01),2组间术后6个月、12个月的ODI和ADL评分差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05~P <0.01)(见表 2)。
分组 n 术前 术后6个月 术后12个月 F P MS组内 ODI 观察组 40 45.56±13.44 28.78±9.53** 21.02±5.34**## 62.94 < 0.01 99.990 对照组 40 44.99±13.76 34.51±10.13** 26.57±7.49**## 29.43 < 0.01 116.018 t — 0.19 2.61 3.82 — — — P — > 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.01 — — — ADL 观察组 40 35.16±6.42△△ 68.44±6.12**△△ 79.97±10.37**##△△ 348.90 < 0.01 62.069 对照组 40 34.58±7.01△△ 54.26±4.86**△△ 65.77±8.03**##△△ 217.50 < 0.01 45.747 t — 0.39 11.48 6.85 — — — P — > 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 — — — 组内比较:△△ P < 0.01。q检验:与术前比较** P < 0.01;与术后6个月比较## P < 0.01 表 2 2组手术前后ODI和ADL评分比较(x±s;分)
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术前2组间Frankle分级差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后12个月2组间Frankle分级差异有统计意义(P <0.01)(见表 3)。
分组 n A级 B级 C级 D级 E级 uc P 术前 观察组
对照组40
408(20.00)
7(17.50)23(57.50)
23(57.50)9(22.50)
10(25.00)0(0.00)
0(0.00)0(0.00)
0(0.00)0.34 > 0.05 术后12个月 观察组
对照组40
400(0.00)
0(0.00)1(2.50)
6(15.00)10(25.00)
19(47.50)17(42.50)
11(27.50)12(30.0)
4(10.00)3.37 < 0.01 观察组组内比较:uc=7.27,P < 0.01;对照组组内比较:uc=5.84,P < 0.01 表 3 2组手术前后Frankle分级比较[n;百分率(%)]
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观察组术中出血量和术后住院时间均明显低于对照组(P <0.01),2组间手术时间和平均固定节段数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 4)。
分组 术中
出血量/mL术后住院
时间/d手术
时间/min平均固定
节段数/个观察组 2 730.88±423.77 12.55±3.57 270.09±45.29 7.81±1.89 对照组 3 944.66±655.79 19.79±4.33 276.96±47.78 7.13±1.97 t 9.83 8.16 0.66 1.58 P < 0.01 < 0.01 > 0.05 > 0.05 表 4 2组临床手术资料比较(ni=40;x±s)
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观察组没有出现明显并发症;对照组出现1例腰背疼痛加剧,经对症治疗3 d后缓解,1例出血过多转入ICU,7 d后病情缓解而转入普通病房。
腰椎后路楔形截骨术治疗重度脊柱侧后凸畸形的疗效分析及术后康复
Curative effect analysis and postoperative rehabilitation of lumbar posterior wedge osteotomy in the treatment of severe scoliosis deformity
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摘要:
目的分析腰椎后路楔形截骨术对重度脊柱侧后凸畸形的临床疗效及术后康复影响。 方法选取80例重度脊柱侧后凸畸形病人作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组实施经椎弓根椎体截骨治疗,观察组实施腰椎后路楔形截骨治疗及术后康复训练。观察2组术前、术后的Cobb角矫正、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分、脊髓神经功能Frankle分级和并发症发生情况,以及手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、平均固定节段数等临床手术指标资料。 结果2组组内术前、术后Cobb角差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01),术后Cobb角明显低于术前(P < 0.01);但术前和术后2组间Cobb角差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组组内术前、术后ODI和ADL评分差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01),2组间术后6个月、12个月的ODI和ADL评分差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。术前2组间Frankle分级差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后12个月2组间Frankle分级差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。观察组术中出血量和术后住院时间均明显低于对照组(P < 0.01),2组间手术时间和平均固定节段数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论腰椎后路楔形截骨术创伤小,结合术后康复训练可改善病人腰椎功能和脊髓神经功能障碍,提高病人生活质量,值得临床推广应用。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical effects and rehabilitation strategy of posterior wedge osteotomy in the treatment of severe scoliosis deformity. MethodsEighty patients with severe scoliosis were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and control group(40 cases in each group).The observation group was treated with posterior lumbar wedge osteotomy combined with rehabilitation training, and the control group was treated with transpedicular vertebral osteotomy.The Cobb angle correction, Oswestry dysfunction index(ODI), activity of daily living(ADL)score, Frankle grade of spinal nerve function in two groups before and after operation were observed.The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, hospital stay after operation, average number of fixed segments and complications were compared between two groups. ResultsThe differences the Cobb angles in two groups between before and after operation were statistically significant(P < 0.01), the Cobb angle in two groups after operation were significantly lower than that before operation(P < 0.01), and the differences the Cobb angles between two groups before and after operation were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The differences the scores of ODI and ADL in two groups between before and after operation were statistically significant(P < 0.01), the differences the scores of ODI and ADL between two groups after 6 and 12 months of operation were statistically significant(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The difference of the Frankle grade between two groups before operation was not statistically significant(P>0.05), and the difference of the Frankle grade between two groups after 12 months of operation was statistically significant(P < 0.01).The intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0.01).There was no statistical significance in the operation time and the average number of fixed segments between two groups(P>0.05). ConclusionsThe posterior wedge osteotomy of lumbar spine has less trauma, and which combined with rehabilitation training after operation can improve the lumbar spine function, spinal nerve dysfunction and quality of life of patients, and is worthy of clinical promotion. -
Key words:
- scoliosis deformity /
- wedge osteotomy /
- lumbar posterior approach /
- rehabilitation
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表 1 2组手术前后的Cobb角比较(x±s)
分组 n 术前/(°) 术后即刻/(°) 术后12个月/(°) F P MS组内 观察组 40 103.87±25.44 39.34±11.99** 40.05±9.43** 187.20 < 0.01 293.293 对照组 40 104.34±23.09 41.19±13.67** 41.57±10.27** 192.10 < 0.01 275.163 t — 0.09 0.64 0.69 — — — P — > 0.05 > 0.05 > 0.05 — — — q检验:与术前比较** P < 0.01 表 2 2组手术前后ODI和ADL评分比较(x±s;分)
分组 n 术前 术后6个月 术后12个月 F P MS组内 ODI 观察组 40 45.56±13.44 28.78±9.53** 21.02±5.34**## 62.94 < 0.01 99.990 对照组 40 44.99±13.76 34.51±10.13** 26.57±7.49**## 29.43 < 0.01 116.018 t — 0.19 2.61 3.82 — — — P — > 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.01 — — — ADL 观察组 40 35.16±6.42△△ 68.44±6.12**△△ 79.97±10.37**##△△ 348.90 < 0.01 62.069 对照组 40 34.58±7.01△△ 54.26±4.86**△△ 65.77±8.03**##△△ 217.50 < 0.01 45.747 t — 0.39 11.48 6.85 — — — P — > 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 — — — 组内比较:△△ P < 0.01。q检验:与术前比较** P < 0.01;与术后6个月比较## P < 0.01 表 3 2组手术前后Frankle分级比较[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n A级 B级 C级 D级 E级 uc P 术前 观察组
对照组40
408(20.00)
7(17.50)23(57.50)
23(57.50)9(22.50)
10(25.00)0(0.00)
0(0.00)0(0.00)
0(0.00)0.34 > 0.05 术后12个月 观察组
对照组40
400(0.00)
0(0.00)1(2.50)
6(15.00)10(25.00)
19(47.50)17(42.50)
11(27.50)12(30.0)
4(10.00)3.37 < 0.01 观察组组内比较:uc=7.27,P < 0.01;对照组组内比较:uc=5.84,P < 0.01 表 4 2组临床手术资料比较(ni=40;x±s)
分组 术中
出血量/mL术后住院
时间/d手术
时间/min平均固定
节段数/个观察组 2 730.88±423.77 12.55±3.57 270.09±45.29 7.81±1.89 对照组 3 944.66±655.79 19.79±4.33 276.96±47.78 7.13±1.97 t 9.83 8.16 0.66 1.58 P < 0.01 < 0.01 > 0.05 > 0.05 -
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