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脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury, SCI)后的功能恢复是医学的难点之一,目前临床尚无有效治疗手段,有报道[1]称采用鞘内注射甲泼尼龙方法治疗不全性SCI获得了一定疗效。干细胞移植被认为是修复SCI功能损伤最有前景的方法之一[2-5]。由于来源受限、组织相容性和伦理道德等方面的原因,胚胎干细胞和神经干细胞等在临床的应用前景受到一定的限制[3-5]。皮肤是机体最大的器官,位于体表,易于取材,目前已经证实可从人、猪、山羊、小鼠和大鼠等真皮组织中分离到一种神经嵴来源的前体细胞,即皮肤源性前体细胞(skin-derived precursors, SKPs),在适当的诱导条件下,向神经系统细胞有较高的分化率,显示其在脊髓损伤修复中良好的应用前景[4-7]。本研究拟观察可否从截瘫病人背部皮肤分离到SKPs,并能否被诱导为神经元和施万细胞等神经系细胞,以明确其在脊髓损伤病人的自体细胞移植中是否具有应用前景。
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从截瘫及非截瘫病人获得皮肤进行原代培养后的最初几天内,大多细胞贴壁生长,只有少量原代细胞悬浮;约7 d后,出现悬浮细胞组成的小球状细胞团块;12~14 d,悬浮的细胞球体积变大。此时,进行常规的传代和扩增,可见细胞球得以成功扩增。经过3次扩增后,从每个皮肤标本可以获得约3×105悬浮的细胞球,截瘫病人和非截瘫病人的SKPs形态大小差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1、图 1)。
分组 n 直径/μm t P 截瘫病人
非截瘫病人67
68134±1.1
134±5.90.00 >0.05 表中例数均为每组病人100倍视野下的SKPs数(下同) 表 1 SKPs悬浮细胞球直径大小比较(x±s)
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通过细胞荧光组织化学检测,发现从截瘫和非截瘫病人皮肤分离所得的SKPs均为Nestin和Fibronectin阳性,Vimentin弱阳性,Cytokeratin阴性(见图 2),以Nestin阳性的SKPs来计算SKPs总获得率,截瘫病人和非截瘫病人的SKPs总获得率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n 阳性 χ2 P 截瘫病人
非截瘫病人67
688(11.9)
9(13.2)0.05 >0.05 表 2 Nestin阳性细胞率情况[n;百分率(%)]
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经过2周的诱导分化,可见从截瘫和非截瘫病人皮肤分离所得的SKPs均可被诱导为βⅢ-tubulin阳性细胞(潜在的神经元细胞,见图 3)和CNPase与GFAP共阳性细胞(潜在的施万细胞,见图 4)。进一步统计分析表明二者向神经元和施万细胞分化的比率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 3)。
分组 n 神经元细胞 施万细胞 截瘫病人 67 7(10.4) 4(5.9) 非截瘫病人 68 7(10.3) 4(5.8) χ2 — 0.00 0.00 P — >0.05 >0.05 表 3 SKPs向神经元细胞及施万细胞分化情况[n;百分率(%)]
皮肤源性前体细胞的分离及其向神经系统细胞的诱导分化研究
Isolation and induction of differentiation into nervous system cells of the skin-derived precursors
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摘要:
目的观察可否从截瘫病人皮肤中分离到皮肤源性前体细胞(skin-derived precursors,SKPs)并诱导成神经系统细胞。 方法手术时从胸椎骨折伴或不伴截瘫病人切口边缘取2 cm2皮肤,剪成1~2 mm3碎片胰酶消化4 h。去除表皮层,吹打后过滤离心收集细胞进行培养。细胞荧光组织化学检测其细胞表型,并进行向神经系统细胞诱导分化。 结果成功地从截瘫病人皮肤中分离到SKPs,和非截瘫者相比其生物学特性无明显差异,均表达nestin等细胞表型,可被诱导为神经元和施万细胞。 结论可从截瘫病人皮肤分离SKPs并被诱导为神经系统细胞,提示其在脊髓损伤的自体细胞移植中具有良好的应用前景。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the isolation of skin-derived precursors(SKPs) from the skin of paraplegic patients, and induce it into nervous system cells. MethodsThe 2 cm2 skin samples were obtained from the incision edge in patients with thoracic vertebral fracture complicated with paraplegia or not, cut into 1-2 mm3 pieces, and then digested in trypsin for 4 hours.The epidermal layer was removed, and the cells were collected by centrifugation after blowing.The cell phenotype was detected by fluorescence histochemistry, and the cells were induced into the differentiation of the nervous system cells. ResultsThe SKPs could successfully be isolated from the skin of paraplegia patients and there was no statistical significance in the biological characteristics between paraplegics and non-paraplegics(P>0.05).Two kinds of cells from paraplegics and non-paraplegics could express the nestin, specific antigen marker, and be induced into neuron and Schwann cells. ConclusionsSKPs can be isolated from the skin of paraplegia patients, and induced into the nervous system cells.It is suggested that it has a good application prospect in autologous cell transplantation of spinal cord injury. -
Key words:
- skin-derived precursor /
- paraplegia /
- differentiation
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表 1 SKPs悬浮细胞球直径大小比较(x±s)
分组 n 直径/μm t P 截瘫病人
非截瘫病人67
68134±1.1
134±5.90.00 >0.05 表中例数均为每组病人100倍视野下的SKPs数(下同) 表 2 Nestin阳性细胞率情况[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n 阳性 χ2 P 截瘫病人
非截瘫病人67
688(11.9)
9(13.2)0.05 >0.05 表 3 SKPs向神经元细胞及施万细胞分化情况[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n 神经元细胞 施万细胞 截瘫病人 67 7(10.4) 4(5.9) 非截瘫病人 68 7(10.3) 4(5.8) χ2 — 0.00 0.00 P — >0.05 >0.05 -
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