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子宫内膜异位症(内异症)是育龄期妇女常见的良性疾病之一,育龄期妇女的发病率为10%~15%,主要表现为骨盆疼痛、痛经及不孕等[1]。33%的女性不孕者患有内异症,因此内异症对不孕造成的影响不容小觑[2]。内异症为一种炎症性疾病,炎症因子可能成为诊断的潜在标志物。有研究[3]显示,在内异症病人的腹腔液和阴道分泌物中细菌内毒素的水平显著高于非内异症病人。内异症病人的异位组织和腹腔液中的巨噬细胞、白细胞介素和肿瘤坏死因子水平升高[4-6]。另外,内异症病人的血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)均有所升高[7-8]。内异症病人的血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平升高,凝血酶时间(PT)和部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)缩短,提示内异症病人体内可能存在高凝状态。在本研究中我们主要检测内异症病人外周血中炎症因子、凝血因子和癌抗原125(CA125)的水平,探讨其在内异症发病中及诊断中的作用。现作报道。
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选择2015年1月至2018年1月在我院妇科住院并接收手术治疗的、病理学检测确诊为Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期的内异症病人216例(内异症组),年龄24~45岁。同时期在我院妇科住院手术,并经病理学检测确诊为良性囊肿的病人117例(对照组),年龄25~47岁。内异症组病人的分期按照1997年美国生育学会提出的“修正子宫内膜异位症分期法”,16~40分为中型(Ⅲ期),>40分为重型(Ⅳ期)[9]。腹腔镜下或剖腹探查时进行内异症分期,主要记录异位内膜的部位、数目、大小、粘连程度,最后进行评分。该分期有利于评估疾病的严重程度、选择正确的治疗方案、可准确比较和评估各种治疗方法的疗效,有助于判断病人的预后。对照组包括卵巢成熟性畸胎瘤54例、卵巢单纯性囊肿20例、卵巢良性黏液性瘤15例、卵巢良性浆液性瘤12例、卵巢冠囊肿9例和卵巢滤泡囊肿7例。2组病人均是在子宫内膜增生期手术,记录病人的年龄、体质量指数、孕次、流产次数和产次。所有病人均无糖尿病、高血压、肝肾功异常及凝血异常。排除合并毒血症、肺炎、轻型肝炎、胆囊炎、肺结核、血栓病、类风湿性关节炎等病人。所有病人在术前3个月内未服用过抗凝血类药物。
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病人入院后抽取清晨空腹肘静脉血5 mL,血小板(PLT)、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞淋巴的检测采用全自动五分类血球仪(美国Beckman公司产品,型号LH750)检测;C反应蛋白(CRP)采用全自动生化分析仪(美国雅培公司产品,型号C16000)检测;红细胞沉降率采用红细胞沉降率分析仪检测;全自动血凝分析仪(法国Stago公司产品,型号ISTA-R-Ⅳ)检测血浆PT、APTT、凝血酶时间(TT)、D-二聚体(D-D),采用von-clauss法检测FIB水平。生化发光法检测CA125的水平,正常值< 25 kU/L。并计算NLR和PLR数值。
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采用非参数秩和检验。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)检测CA125、FIB单独及联合检测对Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期内异症的诊断价值,计算曲线下面积(AUC)及灵敏度和特异度。
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2组病人在年龄、体质量指数和流产次数方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),在孕次和产次方面,内异症组均多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
分组 n 年龄/岁 体质指数/ (kg/m2) 孕次 产次 流产次数 内异症组 216 34(30, 40) 21.1(19.4, 24.6) 2(1, 2) 1(0, 1) 1(0, 2) 对照组 117 3(31, 39) 21.9(19.5, 24.0) 2(1, 3) 1(0, 2) 1(0, 1) Zc — 0.13 1.65 3.61 2.75 1.57 P — >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 >0.05 表 1 内异症组与对照组临床特点的比较[M(P25, P75)]
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内异症组炎症因子检测指标PLR、NLR、D-D、CRP和血沉水平均高于对照组,凝血因子检测指标PT、TT和FIB时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01),2组间PLT水平和APTT差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。
分组 n PLT/(×109/L) NLR PLR D-D/(mg/L) CRP/(mg/L) 红细胞沉降率/ (mm/h) PT/s APTT/s TT/s FIB/(g/L) 内异症组 216 215(185, 273) 2.2(1.7, 3.2) 142(110, 178) 0.8(0.6, 2.1) 0.6(0.3, 1.2) 10(7, 14) 12.5(12.1, 13.4) 35.5(33.7, 38.1) 15.2(14.3, 15.9) 3.2(2.8, 3.7) 对照组 117 226(191, 267) 2.1(1.5, 2.8) 127(102, 167) 0.6(0.4, 1.3) 0.4(0.2, 0.8) 8(6, 12) 13.2(12.4, 13.6) 35.2(34.2, 38.3) 15.7(15.2, 16.3) 2.7(2.5, 3.1) Zc — 1.62 3.42 3.52 4.05 2.15 3.86 2.15 0.61 3.88 6.16 P — >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 表 2 内异症组与对照组炎症因子及凝血因子的比较[M(P25, P75)]
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内异症组CA125的水平[47(31, 84)kU/L]高于对照组[13(10, 21)]kU/L,差异具有统计学意义(Zc=3.24,P < 0.01)。
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内异症组Ⅳ期与Ⅲ期病人比较,PLT和PLR水平较高,PT时间较短,FIB较高,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);2组NLR和D-D、APTT和TT的水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 3)。
分组 n PLT/(×109/L) NLR PLR D-D/(mg/L) PT/s APTT/s TT/s FIB/(g/L) Ⅲ期 140 220(185, 274) 2.2(1.6, 3.4) 130(108, 165) 0.7(0.4, 1.7) 12.9(12.4, 13.6) 35.4(33.7, 38.2) 15.4(14.9, 15.8) 3.0(2.6, 3.4) Ⅳ期 76 247(190, 292) 2.5(1.8, 3.4) 157(112, 194) 1.1(0.6, 2.5) 12.6(12.1, 13.2) 35.2(33.0, 39.2) 15.4(15.0, 16.1) 3.3(2.8, 3.7) Zc — 2.42 1.26 3.2 1.04 2.15 0.87 0.31 3.15 P — < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 >0.05 < 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 表 3 内异症Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期病人的炎症因子和凝血因子的比较[M(P25, P75)]
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在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期内异症病人诊断中绘制ROC曲线,PLR、NLR、PT和TT的AUC值分别为0.514、0.542、0.523和0.562,考虑到其诊断价值较低,未予以进一步的统计。CA125、FIB单独及联合检测诊断Ⅲ、Ⅳ期内异症的AUC值为0.905、0.684和0.920,CA125单独检测的敏感度为81.8%,FIB单独检测的灵敏度为50.4%,联合检测的灵敏度为84.6%。
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本研究中,内异症组与对照组相比D-D和FIB水平显著升高,TT和PT时间明显缩短,APTT在2组间差异无统计学意义。APTT是内源性凝血的指标,PT是外源性凝血的指标。外源性凝血系统的激活以组织因子释放为开始,正常情况下血管内并无组织因子,但有研究[10]显示在内异症病人的异位内膜腺上皮细胞中组织因子的水平显著升高。组织因子可激活凝血因子Ⅶ,继而启动外源性凝血,引起PT的时间缩短,因内源性凝血并未激活,所以APTT在2组间无明显变化。在酶促反应体系中,当底物浓度较低时,酶反应速度随着底物浓度的增加而增加。TT代表的是典型的酶促反应过程,FIB为其底物,当FIB的浓度增加后,TT时间会缩短。FIB为血液粘度和血小板聚集的主要决定因素,是内外源性凝血级联反应的最终产物。在本研究中Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期内异症病人的FIB水平均高于对照组,且Ⅳ期内异症组病人的水平高于Ⅲ期病人,FIB与内异症的严重程度相关。D-D也是反映体内高凝状态的指标之一,是纤维蛋白在纤溶酶作用下生成的特征产物,D-D水平的升高可促进静脉血栓的形成[11]。还有研究[12-15]显示冠心病的患病率随FIB水平的增加而增加,在内异症病人中发生心血管疾病的风险较高。
在本研究中,内异症组与对照组相比PLR、NLR和CRP等炎症因子和红细胞沉降率均增加,炎症反应和凝血系统可相互作用。FIB可通过核因子-κB信号通路激活促炎反应,导致炎症因子的水平升高[16-17],因此推断FIB可作为炎症因子相关的诊断指标。腹腔镜结合病理检查为诊断内异症的金标准,但腹腔镜为有创检查,需进一步探究无创的生物标志物用于内异症的诊断,目前为止还未发现可单独诊断内异症的生物标志物。在ROC曲线中,NLR和PLR诊断Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期内异症的价值较低,FIB的诊断价值较高,FIB和肿瘤标志物CA125的联合检测可提高诊断内异症的灵敏度。
综上所述,在Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期内异症病人中炎症因子和凝血的改变尤其是FIB的水平增加可能参与内异症的发病,FIB和CA125的联合检测可提高诊断内异症的灵敏度。
子宫内膜异位症病人炎症因子和凝血因子的水平变化及临床意义
Changes and clinical significance of the levels of inflammatory factors and coagulation factors in patients with endometriosis
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摘要:
目的检测子宫内膜异位症(内异症)病人外周血中炎症因子和凝血因子的水平,进一步探讨炎症因子和凝血因子在内异症中的作用及临床诊断价值。 方法选取经手术后确诊为Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期内异症的病人216例(内异症组),和病理学检测确诊为良性囊肿的病人117例(对照组)。比较2组病人的一般临床资料、外周血中炎症因子、凝血因子和癌抗原125(CA125)的水平。比较不同分期病人间的炎症因子和凝血因子的水平。受试者工作特征曲线评估CA125、纤维蛋白原水平(FIB)单独及联合检测对Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期内异症病人的诊断价值。 结果内异症组孕次和产次均多于对照组(P < 0.01)。内异症组中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、D-二聚体(D-D)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)和红细胞沉降率均高于对照组,内异症组凝血酶原时间(PT)和凝血酶时间(TT)时间均短于对照组,FIB和CA125水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。Ⅳ期内异症组与Ⅲ期内异症组比较,血小板和PLR水平较高,PT时间较短,FIB较高,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),2组NLR和D-D、活化部分凝血酶原时间和TT的水平差异均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。CA125联合FIB检测诊断内异症的灵敏度为84.6%,CA125单独检测的灵敏度为81.9%,FIB单独检测的灵敏度为50.4%。 结论炎症因子和凝血因子在内异症组中表达异常,且与内异症的分期相关,CA125和FIB的联合检测可提高诊断内异症的灵敏度。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo detect the levels of inflammatory factors and coagulation factors in peripheral blood of patients with endometriosis, and further explore the role of inflammatory factors and coagulation factors in endometriosis and its clinical diagnostic value. MethodsA total of 216 patients diagnosed as stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ endometriosis after surgery and 117 patients with benign cysts diagnosed by pathology were divided into the endometriosis group and control group, respectively.The general clinical data, levels of inflammatory factors, coagulation factors and cancer antigen 125(CA125) in peripheral blood were compared between two groups.The levels of inflammatory and coagulation factors were compared among patients of different stages.The ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of CA125 and fibrinogen level(FIB) alone or combined in patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ. ResultsThe number of pregnancies and births in endometriosis group were higher than those in control group(P < 0.01).The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio(PLR), D-dimer(D-D), C-reactive protein(CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in endometriosis group were higher than those in control group(P < 0.01).The prothrombin time(PT) and thrombin time(TT) in endometriosis group were shorter than those in control group(P < 0.01), and the levels of FIB and CA125 levels in endometriosis group were higher than those in control group(P < 0.01).Compared with stage Ⅲ group, the levels of PLT and PLR were higher, the PT time was shorter, and the FIB was higher in stage Ⅳ group(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The differences of the levels of NLR and D-D, APTT and TT between stage Ⅲ group and stage Ⅳ group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).In the diagnosis of endometriosis, the sensitivity of CA125 combined with FIB was 84.6%, the sensitivity of CA125 was 81.9%, the sensitivity of FIB was 50.4%. ConclusionsThe expression of inflammatory and coagulation factors is abnormal in the endometriosis group, and which is correlated with the stage of endometriosis.The combined detection of CA125 and FIB can improve the sensitivity of the diagnosis of endometriosis. -
Key words:
- endometriosis /
- inflammatory factor /
- coagulation factor /
- cancer antigen 125 /
- fibrinogen
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表 1 内异症组与对照组临床特点的比较[M(P25, P75)]
分组 n 年龄/岁 体质指数/ (kg/m2) 孕次 产次 流产次数 内异症组 216 34(30, 40) 21.1(19.4, 24.6) 2(1, 2) 1(0, 1) 1(0, 2) 对照组 117 3(31, 39) 21.9(19.5, 24.0) 2(1, 3) 1(0, 2) 1(0, 1) Zc — 0.13 1.65 3.61 2.75 1.57 P — >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 >0.05 表 2 内异症组与对照组炎症因子及凝血因子的比较[M(P25, P75)]
分组 n PLT/(×109/L) NLR PLR D-D/(mg/L) CRP/(mg/L) 红细胞沉降率/ (mm/h) PT/s APTT/s TT/s FIB/(g/L) 内异症组 216 215(185, 273) 2.2(1.7, 3.2) 142(110, 178) 0.8(0.6, 2.1) 0.6(0.3, 1.2) 10(7, 14) 12.5(12.1, 13.4) 35.5(33.7, 38.1) 15.2(14.3, 15.9) 3.2(2.8, 3.7) 对照组 117 226(191, 267) 2.1(1.5, 2.8) 127(102, 167) 0.6(0.4, 1.3) 0.4(0.2, 0.8) 8(6, 12) 13.2(12.4, 13.6) 35.2(34.2, 38.3) 15.7(15.2, 16.3) 2.7(2.5, 3.1) Zc — 1.62 3.42 3.52 4.05 2.15 3.86 2.15 0.61 3.88 6.16 P — >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 表 3 内异症Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期病人的炎症因子和凝血因子的比较[M(P25, P75)]
分组 n PLT/(×109/L) NLR PLR D-D/(mg/L) PT/s APTT/s TT/s FIB/(g/L) Ⅲ期 140 220(185, 274) 2.2(1.6, 3.4) 130(108, 165) 0.7(0.4, 1.7) 12.9(12.4, 13.6) 35.4(33.7, 38.2) 15.4(14.9, 15.8) 3.0(2.6, 3.4) Ⅳ期 76 247(190, 292) 2.5(1.8, 3.4) 157(112, 194) 1.1(0.6, 2.5) 12.6(12.1, 13.2) 35.2(33.0, 39.2) 15.4(15.0, 16.1) 3.3(2.8, 3.7) Zc — 2.42 1.26 3.2 1.04 2.15 0.87 0.31 3.15 P — < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 >0.05 < 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 -
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