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对于终末期肾病(ESRD)病人,建立血管通路,长期接受血液透析是目前最为有效的治疗方法之一。血液透析,是借助特殊仪器,将病人的血液流至体外,然后血液与透析液通过不断的弥散、超滤、吸附以及对流作用,逐渐将血液中的代谢废物清除,从而使得病人的体液逐渐平衡[1]。蛋白质能量消耗(PEW)是指维持性血液透析(MHD)病人在透析过程中常见一种并发症,以多种营养和代谢异常为特征[2]。有数据[3]显示,我国腹膜透析和血液透析的病人,患有PEW的概率为29%~44%和60%,而对于行MHD病人,PEW的患病率可达到75%。PEW病人往往伴随有身体的消瘦、虚弱感、疲劳感等,且生活质量严重下降。病人易引发感染性疾病、心脑血管性疾病,导致病人的死亡率升高。本研究以接受MHD病人为研究对象,采取国际肾营养和代谢学会(ISRNM)中PEW诊断标准对于PEW病人进行评估,研究PEW对病人生活质量的影响,为进一步的研究提供依据。
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PEW组病人33例,非PEW组病人117例,患病率为22.0%。
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PEW组病人的透析前收缩压、舒张压、心率,以及上臂围、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、臀围、握力、白蛋白、肌酐值均低于非PEW组,PEW组透析时间长于非PEW组,BMI值低于非PEW组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。2组病人的年龄、性别、透析时间、BMI差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
分组 n 年龄/岁 男 女 透析时间/月 BMI/(kg/m2) 18~45 46~60 61~79 ≤3 >3~ < 10 ≥10 < 18.5 ≥18.5 PEW组 33 12 8 13 23 10 9 8 16 8 25 非PEW组 117 34 39 44 74 43 61 29 27 4 113 χ2 — 0.01* 0.05 8.96* 106.22 P — >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 分组 n 透析前收缩压/mmHg 透析前舒张压/mmHg 透析前心率/ (次/分) 上臂围/cm 肱三头肌皮褶厚度/cm 臀围/cm 握力/kg 白蛋白/(g/L) 肌酐值/ (μmol/L) PEW组 33 143.21±26.36 71.38±14.18 72.27±9.85 22.47±3.07 11.84±4.74 93.42±5.87 20.04±8.47 39.85±2.98 855.21±188.74 非PEW组 117 144.19±23.35 76.81±15.28 73.08±10.23 27.18±2.56 13.49±6.04 94.55±6.28 30.18±11.83 44.19±3.75 967.32±198.82 χ2 — 0.21△ 2.19△ 0.31△ 5.73△ 3.31△ 1.16△ 5.84# 5.18△ 3.08△ P — >0.05 < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 *示χ2趋势值; △示t值; #示t′值 表 1 基本数据比较
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非PEW组的活力、社会功能、社会情感、症状影响、肾病影响、总分值方面均低于PEW组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 2)。
分组 n 总体健康 活力 社会功能 社会情感 躯体疼痛 情感职能 症状影响 肾病影响 肾病负担 总分 非PEW组 117 2.87±1.67 3.31±2.42 2.13±1.27 2.25±0.98 1.86±0.78 8.93±3.87 12.75±7.65 14.32±8.75 12.95±4.67 59.19±6.75 PEW组 33 3.11±1.53 4.63±2.64 2.86±1.34 2.93±1.15 1.88±0.69 8.85±4.15 19.05±7.41 17.97±6.53 13.18±6.21 74.46±6.83 t — 0.42 3.01 2.46 2.86 0.06 0.96 2.64 5.27 1.34 2.78 P — >0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.05 表 2 PEW组和非PEW组病人的生活质量评分比较(x±s;分)
蛋白质能量消耗对终末期肾病维持性血液透析病人生活质量的影响
Effect of protein-energy wasting on quality of life in maintenance hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease
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摘要:
目的研究维持性血液透析(MHD)病人的蛋白质能量消耗(PEW)情况对于病人生活质量的影响。 方法抽取符合纳入标准的行MHD治疗的终末期肾病(ESRD)病人150例,根据PEW情况分为PEW组(n=33)和非PEW组(n=117)。采用KDQOLTM-36量表对比分析2组病人的生活质量评分。 结果满足至少3个PEW诊断指标的有33例,患病率为22.0%;PEW组病人的透析前收缩压、舒张压、心率,以及上臂围、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、臀围、握力、白蛋白、肌酐值均低于非PEW组(P < 0.05);PEW组透析时间长于非PEW组,体质量指数低于非PEW组(P < 0.05);生活质量评分中,PEW组活力、社会功能、社会情感、症状影响、肾病影响、总分值方面均低于非PEW组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。 结论PEW是接受MHD的终末期肾病病人的常见并发症,对病人生活质量的影响应得到更多关注。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the effect of protein-energy wasting(PEW) on the prognosis of maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients. MethodsA total of 150 patients with end-stage renal disease who were subject to MHD, were enrolled in the invstigation and divided into PEW group(n=33) and non-PEW group(n=117) according to the diagnosis critiria of PEW syndorome. The quality of life scores by KDQOLTM-36 scale in the two groups were compared and analyzed. ResultsThirty-three cases met at least three diagnostic indexes of PEW with a percentage of 22.0%. The values of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, hip circumference, grip strength, albumin and creatinine in PEW group were significantly lower than those in non-PEW group(P < 0.05);the time of dialysis in the PEW group was longer than that in the non-PEW group, and body mass index was lower than that in the non-PEW group(P < 0.05). There were significant differences in vitality, social function, social emotion, symptom influence, nephropathy influence and total score between PEW group and non PEW group(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). ConclusionsPEW is a common complication in end-stage renal disease patients receiving MHD and its impact on patients' quality of life should be given more attention. -
Key words:
- maintenance hemodialysis /
- protein-energy wasting /
- quality of life score
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表 1 基本数据比较
分组 n 年龄/岁 男 女 透析时间/月 BMI/(kg/m2) 18~45 46~60 61~79 ≤3 >3~ < 10 ≥10 < 18.5 ≥18.5 PEW组 33 12 8 13 23 10 9 8 16 8 25 非PEW组 117 34 39 44 74 43 61 29 27 4 113 χ2 — 0.01* 0.05 8.96* 106.22 P — >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 分组 n 透析前收缩压/mmHg 透析前舒张压/mmHg 透析前心率/ (次/分) 上臂围/cm 肱三头肌皮褶厚度/cm 臀围/cm 握力/kg 白蛋白/(g/L) 肌酐值/ (μmol/L) PEW组 33 143.21±26.36 71.38±14.18 72.27±9.85 22.47±3.07 11.84±4.74 93.42±5.87 20.04±8.47 39.85±2.98 855.21±188.74 非PEW组 117 144.19±23.35 76.81±15.28 73.08±10.23 27.18±2.56 13.49±6.04 94.55±6.28 30.18±11.83 44.19±3.75 967.32±198.82 χ2 — 0.21△ 2.19△ 0.31△ 5.73△ 3.31△ 1.16△ 5.84# 5.18△ 3.08△ P — >0.05 < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 *示χ2趋势值; △示t值; #示t′值 表 2 PEW组和非PEW组病人的生活质量评分比较(x±s;分)
分组 n 总体健康 活力 社会功能 社会情感 躯体疼痛 情感职能 症状影响 肾病影响 肾病负担 总分 非PEW组 117 2.87±1.67 3.31±2.42 2.13±1.27 2.25±0.98 1.86±0.78 8.93±3.87 12.75±7.65 14.32±8.75 12.95±4.67 59.19±6.75 PEW组 33 3.11±1.53 4.63±2.64 2.86±1.34 2.93±1.15 1.88±0.69 8.85±4.15 19.05±7.41 17.97±6.53 13.18±6.21 74.46±6.83 t — 0.42 3.01 2.46 2.86 0.06 0.96 2.64 5.27 1.34 2.78 P — >0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.05 -
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