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低血糖是糖尿病治疗和自我管理过程中常见的并发症之一,可降低病人的一般认知功能并使其发生痴呆的风险增加44%~110%[1-2],影响病人的心理状态、社会功能,降低幸福感和生活质量[3-4],引发低血糖恐惧。严重且持久的低血糖可导致永久性脑功能障碍或死亡[5]。林英等[6]调查显示, 内分泌专科护士对低血糖的处置正确率明显高于非内分泌科护士。2020年8月,我院成立以糖尿病专科护士为主导的护理小组, 通过对非内分泌病区护士进行糖尿病低血糖知识的培训和管理,取得明显效果。现作报道。
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护理小组成立后糖尿病理论知识掌握合格率100.00%(29/29), 明显高于成立前合格率62.07%(18/29)(χ2=13.57,P < 0.01)。
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实施后组低血糖规范处置各条目正确率与总正确率均高于实施前组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 1)。
分组 低血糖次数 低血糖规范处置总正确率 低血糖规范处置各条目正确率 升糖食品选择合格情况 15~20 g糖量合格情况 低血糖症状评估执行情况 15分钟复测血糖执行情况 低血糖处置后护理记录书写规范情况 实施前组 595 410(68.90) 479(80.50) 500(84.03) 466(78.32) 518(87.06) 490(84.87) 实施后组 851 782(91.89) 809(95.06) 792(93.06) 808(94.94) 821(96.47) 834(98.00) 合计 1 446 1 192(82.43) 1 288(89.07) 1 292(89.35) 1 274(88.11) 1 339(92.60) 1 224(84.65) χ2 — 16.77 9.88 4.02 11.92 5.86 11.01 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.01 表 1 实施前后组低血糖规范处置正确率比较[n;百分率(%)]
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实施后组低血糖事件上报率93.77%(798/851),明显高于实施前组上报率68.30%(404/595)(χ2=21.11,P < 0.01)。
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实施后组各级低血糖发生率均明显低于实施前组(P < 0.01)(见表 2)。
分组 低血糖次数 1级低血糖发生情况 2级低血糖发生情况 3级低血糖发生情况 实施前组 404 300(74.26) 85(21.04) 19(4.70) 实施后组 798 677(84.84) 109(13.60) 12(1.50) 合计 1 205 977(81.08) 194(16.10) 31(2.57) χ2 — 19.73 10.79 10.93 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 表 2 实施前后组糖尿病各级低血糖发生情况前后比较[n;百分率(%)]
糖尿病专科护士主导的护理小组模式在非内分泌病区规范处置糖尿病低血糖的应用
Application of diabetes specialized nurse-led nursing group model in improving standardized management of diabetic hypoglycemia in non-endocrine wards
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摘要:
目的探讨糖尿病专科护士主导的护理小组模式在非内分泌病区规范处置糖尿病低血糖的应用效果。 方法成立院级糖尿病护理小组,由内分泌病区4名糖尿病专科护士与29名非内分泌病区选取的护士共33名组成,其中核心成员由4名糖尿病专科护士担任,通过嘉禾电子病历系统查阅2020年1-6月29个非内分泌病区共595次糖尿病低血糖处置的情况并分析存在的问题。利用糖尿病专科护士主导的护理小组模式对非内分泌病区护士规范处置低血糖能力进行同质化培训,比较实施前2020年1-6月(实施前组)和实施后2020年8-12月(实施后组)非内分泌病区共851次低血糖规范处置能力(升糖食品选择合格率、15~20 g糖量合格率、低血糖症状评估执行率、15 min复测血糖执行率)、低血糖处置后护理记录书写规范率、低血糖事件系统上报率、低血糖知识合格率。 结果非内分泌病区接受糖尿病护理小组模式培训和管理后,低血糖知识合格率、低血糖规范处置能力等均有提高(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);低血糖事件系统上报率上升(P < 0.01)。实施后组各级低血糖发生率均明显低于实施前组(P < 0.01)。 结论糖尿病专科护士主导的护理小组模式可提升非内分泌病区规范处置低血糖能力,提高非内分泌病区护士知识和糖尿病低血糖管理水平,实现院内血糖安全管理, 减少糖尿病低血糖给病人带来的危害。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the application effect of diabetes specialized nurse-led nursing group model on the standardized management of diabetic hypoglycemia in non-endocrine wards. MethodsA hospital-level diabetes nursing team was established, consisting of 33 nurses(including 4 diabetes specialized nurses and 29 non-endocrine specialized nurses selected from the non-endocrine wards), of which the 4 diabetes specialized nurses were the core members.The management of 595 diabetic hypoglycemia cases in 29 non-endocrine wards from January to June 2020 were reviewed through the Jiahe electronic medical record system, and the existing problems were analyzed.The diabetes specialized nurse-led nursing group model was used to carry out homogenization training on the ability of nurses in non-endocrine wards to deal with hypoglycemia in a standardized manner.The standardized management ability of hypoglycemia(qualified rate of glucose rising food selection, qualified rate of 15-20 g glucose amount, implementation rate of hypoglycemia symptom evaluation, implementation rate of 15-minute retest of blood glucose), standardized rate of writing nursing records after hypoglycemia management, system reporting rate of hypoglycemia events and qualified rate of hypoglycemia knowledge were compared between January to June 2020(pre-implementation group) and August to December 2020(post-implementation group). ResultsAfter receiving the training and management of diabetes nursing group model in non-endocrine wards, the qualified rate of hypoglycemia knowledge and the ability of standardized management of hypoglycemia and so on were improved(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01), and the system reporting rate of hypoglycemic events was increased(P < 0.01).The incidence of hypoglycemia at all levels in the post-implementation group was significantly lower than that in the pre-implementation group(P < 0.01). ConclusionsThe diabetes specialized nurse-led nursing group model can improve the management ability of hypoglycemia in non-endocrine wards, improve the knowledge and management level of diabetic hypoglycemia of nurses in non-endocrine wards, and realize the safe management of blood glucose in the hospital to reduce the injury of diabetic hypoglycemia to patients. -
Key words:
- diabetic /
- hypoglycemia /
- diabetes specialized nurse /
- nursing group model /
- non-endocrine ward
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表 1 实施前后组低血糖规范处置正确率比较[n;百分率(%)]
分组 低血糖次数 低血糖规范处置总正确率 低血糖规范处置各条目正确率 升糖食品选择合格情况 15~20 g糖量合格情况 低血糖症状评估执行情况 15分钟复测血糖执行情况 低血糖处置后护理记录书写规范情况 实施前组 595 410(68.90) 479(80.50) 500(84.03) 466(78.32) 518(87.06) 490(84.87) 实施后组 851 782(91.89) 809(95.06) 792(93.06) 808(94.94) 821(96.47) 834(98.00) 合计 1 446 1 192(82.43) 1 288(89.07) 1 292(89.35) 1 274(88.11) 1 339(92.60) 1 224(84.65) χ2 — 16.77 9.88 4.02 11.92 5.86 11.01 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.01 表 2 实施前后组糖尿病各级低血糖发生情况前后比较[n;百分率(%)]
分组 低血糖次数 1级低血糖发生情况 2级低血糖发生情况 3级低血糖发生情况 实施前组 404 300(74.26) 85(21.04) 19(4.70) 实施后组 798 677(84.84) 109(13.60) 12(1.50) 合计 1 205 977(81.08) 194(16.10) 31(2.57) χ2 — 19.73 10.79 10.93 P — < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 -
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