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直肠癌是临床常见的消化道恶性肿瘤[1-2]。随着近年来社会老龄化及饮食生活习惯的改变,直肠癌发病率逐年上升,严重威胁病人的生活质量[3]。是否存在淋巴结转移(lymph nodes metastasis, LNM)对于直肠癌的手术方式的选择、放化疗疗效具有重要影响,也是直肠癌最重要的预后因素之一[4-5]。因此,术前准确评估直肠癌淋巴结转移对于病人治疗方案的制订及预后评估具有重要的临床意义[6]。本文旨在分析多层螺旋CT(multi-spiral computed tomography, MSCT)在术前无创性评估直肠癌淋巴结转移风险的价值,为临床制定合理的治疗策略提供帮助。现作报道。
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年龄、性别、肿瘤位置、肿块距肛门距离、病灶长度、生长方式、强化方式、强化程度、浸润深度、T分期、平扫CT值、CTmax值、CT增强率在LNM-组和LNM+组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而侵犯范围、CT增强差值、淋巴结短径在2组间差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 1)。2组典型病例见图 1。
参数 LNM-组(n=27) LNM+组(n=14) χ2 P 年龄(x±s)/岁 66.30±9.57 69.43±11.61 0.92△ >0.05 性别 女
男10(37.0)
17(63.0)8(57.1)
6(42.9)1.51 >0.05 肿瘤位置 低 8(29.6) 4(28.6) 中 8(29.6) 5(35.7) 0.17 >0.05 高 11(40.8) 5(35.7) 肿块距肛门距离(x±s)/cm 7.57±3.02 7.23±2.61 0.36△ >0.05 病灶长度(x±s)/cm 4.42±1.70 4.95±1.07 1.07△ >0.05 侵犯范围 < 1/2周长
≥1/2周长13(48.1)
14(51.9)2(14.3)
12(85.7)4.56 < 0.05 生长方式 壁增厚型 16(59.3) 9(64.3) 增厚-肿块型 9(33.3) 5(35.7) 1.09 >0.05 肿块型 2(7.4) 0(0) 强化方式 均匀
不均匀25(92.6)
2(7.4)13(92.9)
1(7.1)0.001 >0.05 强化程度 轻度 3(11.2) 0(0) 中度 12(44.4) 5(35.7) 2.43 >0.05 重度 12(44.4) 9(64.3) 浸润深度 黏膜-肌层 7(25.9) 4(28.6) 浆膜层 19(70.4) 8(57.1) 1.68 >0.05 突破浆膜层 1(3.7) 2(14.3) T分期/期 T1~2 7(25.9) 4(28.6) T3 19(70.4) 8(57.1) 1.68 >0.05 T4 1(3.7) 2(14.3) 平扫CT值(x±s) 43.00±10.94 41.43±7.87 0.48△ >0.05 CTmax值(x±s) 83.26±10.75 91.29±15.49 1.95△ >0.05 CT增强差值(x±s) 40.26±9.41 49.86±16.54 2.38△ < 0.05 CT增强率(x±s) 1.02±0.40 1.28±0.60 1.66△ >0.05 淋巴结短径(x±s) < 0.5 cm
≥0.5 cm18(66.7)
9(33.3)2(14.3)
12(85.7)10.12 < 0.01 △示t值 表 1 2组病人临床及CT影像特征[n;百分率(%)]
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将单因素分析中有统计学意义的指标进一步纳入多因素分析中,结果显示,CT增强差值和淋巴结短径均为直肠癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)(见表 2)。Kappa一致性分析显示,侵犯范围、生长方式、强化方式、强化程度的一致性为优(Kappa值均>0.8);在浸润深度和T分期的评估中的一致性为良好(Kappa值0.61~0.8)。
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR(95%CI) 侵犯范围(< 1/2周长) -2.170 1.355 2.57 >0.05 0.114(0.008~1.625) CT增强差值 0.116 0.047 6.03 < 0.05 1.123(1.024~1.232) 淋巴结短径(≥0.5 cm) 2.812 1.182 5.66 < 0.05 16.637(1.639~169.851) 表 2 直肠癌淋巴结转移风险的logistic多因素回归分析
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将CT增强差值和淋巴结短径纳入ROC曲线分析,结果显示,CT增强差值的AUC(95%CI)、cut-off值、敏感度、特异度分别为0.665(0.501~0.805)、59 Hu、28.57%、100%;淋巴结短径的AUC(95%CI)、敏感度、特异度分别为0.762(0.603~0.881)、85.71%、66.67%;二者联合的AUC(95%CI)、敏感度、特异度得到提高,分别为0.868(0.725~0.953)、78.57%、81.48%。
基于MSCT特征在术前预测直肠癌淋巴结转移风险的价值研究
The study on the value of MSCT characteristics in preoperative prediction of the risk of lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer
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摘要:
目的探讨术前多层螺旋CT(multi-spiral computed tomography, MSCT)影像学征象在评估直肠癌淋巴结转移中的应用价值。 方法回顾性分析41例经手术病理证实的直肠癌病人的影像及临床病理资料,所有病人均在术前进行MSCT扫描。根据淋巴结有无转移分为淋巴结转移(LNM+)组14例和无淋巴结转移(LNM-)组27例,分析2组临床指标及CT特征差异。 结果41例直肠癌病人共检出390枚淋巴结,其中良性330枚,恶性60枚。2组肿块侵犯范围、CT增强差值和淋巴结短径差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,CT增强差值和淋巴结短径均为直肠癌淋巴结转移的独立影响因素(P < 0.05)。CT增强差值、淋巴结短径和二者联合预测直肠癌淋巴结转移的AUC分别为0.665、0.762、0.868。 结论术前MSCT特征,包括淋巴结短径及CT增强差值均为直肠癌淋巴结转移的独立影响因素,联合不同CT影像学特征可进一步提高术前直肠癌淋巴结转移风险预测的效能。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the application value of preoperative multi-spiral computed tomography(MSCT) imaging features in the evaluation of lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer. MethodsThe imaging and clinicopathological data of 41 patients with rectal cancer confirmed by surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively.All patients underwent MSCT scan before surgery.According to lymph node metastasis, they were divided into lymph node metastasis group(LNM+, 14 cases) and non-lymph node metastasis group(LNM-, 27 cases).The differences of clinical and CT features between the two groups were analyzed. ResultsA total of 394 lymph nodes were detected in 41 patients with rectal cancer, including 362 benign lymph nodes and 32 malignant lymph nodes.The range of tumor invasion, CT enhancement differences and short diameter of lymph nodes were statistically significant between the two groups(P < 0.05).Multivariate regression analysis showed that CT enhancement differences(OR=1.123) and short diameter of lymph nodes(OR=16.637) were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer.The AUC of CT enhancement differences, lymph node short diameter and combination parameters were 0.665, 0.762 and 0.868, respectively. ConclusionsPreoperative MSCT features, including short diameter of lymph node and CT enhancement differences, are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer.Combination the two CT imaging features will further improve the efficacy of preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer. -
Key words:
- rectal neoplasms /
- computer tomography /
- lymph node metastasis
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表 1 2组病人临床及CT影像特征[n;百分率(%)]
参数 LNM-组(n=27) LNM+组(n=14) χ2 P 年龄(x±s)/岁 66.30±9.57 69.43±11.61 0.92△ >0.05 性别 女
男10(37.0)
17(63.0)8(57.1)
6(42.9)1.51 >0.05 肿瘤位置 低 8(29.6) 4(28.6) 中 8(29.6) 5(35.7) 0.17 >0.05 高 11(40.8) 5(35.7) 肿块距肛门距离(x±s)/cm 7.57±3.02 7.23±2.61 0.36△ >0.05 病灶长度(x±s)/cm 4.42±1.70 4.95±1.07 1.07△ >0.05 侵犯范围 < 1/2周长
≥1/2周长13(48.1)
14(51.9)2(14.3)
12(85.7)4.56 < 0.05 生长方式 壁增厚型 16(59.3) 9(64.3) 增厚-肿块型 9(33.3) 5(35.7) 1.09 >0.05 肿块型 2(7.4) 0(0) 强化方式 均匀
不均匀25(92.6)
2(7.4)13(92.9)
1(7.1)0.001 >0.05 强化程度 轻度 3(11.2) 0(0) 中度 12(44.4) 5(35.7) 2.43 >0.05 重度 12(44.4) 9(64.3) 浸润深度 黏膜-肌层 7(25.9) 4(28.6) 浆膜层 19(70.4) 8(57.1) 1.68 >0.05 突破浆膜层 1(3.7) 2(14.3) T分期/期 T1~2 7(25.9) 4(28.6) T3 19(70.4) 8(57.1) 1.68 >0.05 T4 1(3.7) 2(14.3) 平扫CT值(x±s) 43.00±10.94 41.43±7.87 0.48△ >0.05 CTmax值(x±s) 83.26±10.75 91.29±15.49 1.95△ >0.05 CT增强差值(x±s) 40.26±9.41 49.86±16.54 2.38△ < 0.05 CT增强率(x±s) 1.02±0.40 1.28±0.60 1.66△ >0.05 淋巴结短径(x±s) < 0.5 cm
≥0.5 cm18(66.7)
9(33.3)2(14.3)
12(85.7)10.12 < 0.01 △示t值 表 2 直肠癌淋巴结转移风险的logistic多因素回归分析
变量 B SE Waldχ2 P OR(95%CI) 侵犯范围(< 1/2周长) -2.170 1.355 2.57 >0.05 0.114(0.008~1.625) CT增强差值 0.116 0.047 6.03 < 0.05 1.123(1.024~1.232) 淋巴结短径(≥0.5 cm) 2.812 1.182 5.66 < 0.05 16.637(1.639~169.851) -
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