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近年我国乳腺癌的发病率、发现率呈不断上升趋势[1],引发社会各界的广泛关注。乳腺癌有多种检测方法,但超声由于其安全、可靠、便捷的优势,仍然是乳腺癌筛查的首选[2]。普通二维彩色超声可综合应用形态、边界、内部回声、钙化等进行全面的分类评价,临床上有较高参考价值[3]。此外在彩色多普勒技术的发展带动下,有研究者[4]认为在常规超声中引入血管征象有利于提高诊断准确率,不过在实际应用过程中,由于彩超对低速血流的敏感性低,且难以进行量化分析,因而其应用价值和效果并未明确[5-6]。超微血管成像技术(SMI) 可较好地弥补这种缺陷,其具有彩色模式超微血管成像和灰阶模式超微血管成像,对血流信号可进行更加敏感的提取[7]。其优势为微血管自发显影,能够直观、整体呈现病变微血管特征,更加充分地明确乳腺病变血管特征。本研究分析SMI应用于乳腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断的效果。现作报道。
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SMI显示,2组病人乳腺病变血管特征中,血管走向、主干与分支夹角、穿支血管差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01),而2组血管丰富与否差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。
分组 n 血管数量 血管走向 穿支血管 主干与分支夹角 不丰富 丰富 无中心 有中心 无 有 非直角 直角 良性组 45 12(66.7) 33(43.4) 39(63.9) 6(18.2) 29(61.7) 16(34.0) 39(79.6) 6(13.3) 恶性组 49 6(33.3) 43(56.6) 22(36.1) 27(81.8) 18(38.3) 31(66.0) 10(20.4) 39(86.7) χ2 — 3.15 17.96 7.21 41.27 P — >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 表 1 2组病人乳腺病变血管特征比较[n;百分率(%)]
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乳腺良性、恶性的敏感血管特征分别为乳腺恶性病变诊断时PPV≤20%、PPV≥80%,各血管分型的乳腺恶性病变诊断PPV与赋分见表 2。基于血管特征赋分绘制ROC曲线,将乳腺恶性病变诊断临界值确定为血管特征分值>6,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.879,敏感性、特异性、准确性、PPV、阴性预测值分别为91.84%、75.56%、67.39%、80.4%、89.5%(见图 1~3)。
血管特征指标 PPV 赋分 血管数量 不丰富 33.30% 0 丰富 56.60% 0 血管走向 无中心 36.10% 2 有中心 81.80% 3 穿支血管 无 38.30% 2 有 66.00% 2 主干与分支夹角 非直角 20.40% 2 直角 86.70% 3 表 2 SMI诊断乳腺恶性病变PPV及赋分
超微血管成像技术对乳腺良恶性结节血管特征诊断价值
Diagnostic value of superb microvascular imaging in the vascular characteristics of benign and malignant breast nodules
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摘要:
目的通过超微血管成像技术(superb microvascular imaging, SMI)分析乳腺良恶性结节中的血管特征表现,判断此项技术的运用前景与价值。 方法选取乳腺肿瘤病人75例,其中确诊为乳腺良性肿瘤病人45例,乳腺恶性肿瘤病人30例,共获得有效病灶结节94个,其中良性结节45个(良性组),恶性结节49个(恶性组)。通过SMI观察血管走向、血管主干与分支夹角、穿支血管和血管数量4项病变血管特征,以病理结果作为金标准,根据乳腺良恶性结节内血管特征的不同表现,采用ROC曲线分析SMI技术鉴别乳腺恶性结节内部血管特征的临界值,并进一步分析得出其敏感性与特异性指标。 结果在SMI技术的视角下,2组血管走行方向、血管主干与分支夹角、穿支血管差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01),2组血管丰富情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SMI诊断乳腺恶性结节的ROC曲线下面积为0.879,敏感性91.84%、特异性75.56%、准确性67.39%、阳性预测值80.4%、阴性预测值89.5%。 结论SMI可以很好地反映乳腺良恶性结节内部血管特征区别,对于乳腺恶性病变有较好的诊断价值。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the vascular characteristics in benign and malignant breast nodules using superb microvascular imaging (SMI), and judge the application prospect and value of this technology. MethodsA total of 75 patients with breast cancer were selected, among them, 45 patients were diagnosed as benign breast tumors, 30 patients with malignant breast cancer.A total of 94 effective lesions and nodules were obtained, there were 45 nodules in benign group, 49 nodules in malignant group.Four pathological vascular characteristics were observed through SMI, including the direction of blood vessels, the angle between main vessels and branches, perforator vessel and vessel number.Taking pathological results as the gold standard, according to the different manifestations of vascular characteristics in benign and malignant breast nodules, ROC curve was used to analyze the cut-off value of SMI technology to identify the internal vascular characteristics of malignant breast nodules, and its sensitivity and specificity were further analyzed. ResultsFrom the perspective of SMI technology, there was significant difference in direction of blood vessels, angle between main blood stream and branch, and perforator vessel number(P < 0.01), however, there was no significant difference in the vascular abundance between the two groups(P>0.05).The area under the ROC curve of SMI in the diagnosis of breast malignant nodules was 0.879, the related indicators were also obtained, including sensitivity (91.84%), specificity(75.56%), accuracy(67.39%), positive predictive value (80.4%), and negative predictive value (89.5%). ConclusionsSMI can well reflect the difference of internal vascular characteristics between benign and malignant breast nodules, and has a good diagnostic value for malignant breast lesions. -
表 1 2组病人乳腺病变血管特征比较[n;百分率(%)]
分组 n 血管数量 血管走向 穿支血管 主干与分支夹角 不丰富 丰富 无中心 有中心 无 有 非直角 直角 良性组 45 12(66.7) 33(43.4) 39(63.9) 6(18.2) 29(61.7) 16(34.0) 39(79.6) 6(13.3) 恶性组 49 6(33.3) 43(56.6) 22(36.1) 27(81.8) 18(38.3) 31(66.0) 10(20.4) 39(86.7) χ2 — 3.15 17.96 7.21 41.27 P — >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 表 2 SMI诊断乳腺恶性病变PPV及赋分
血管特征指标 PPV 赋分 血管数量 不丰富 33.30% 0 丰富 56.60% 0 血管走向 无中心 36.10% 2 有中心 81.80% 3 穿支血管 无 38.30% 2 有 66.00% 2 主干与分支夹角 非直角 20.40% 2 直角 86.70% 3 -
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