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胚胎染色体异常是导致自然流产的重要原因之一,占自然流产因素的50%~70%[1],主要为染色体数目异常如染色体三体、多倍体、X染色体单体等, 其次为染色体结构异常如染色体微重复/微缺失、染色体嵌合体、染色体易位等[2]。自然流产不仅对女性的健康造成一定的伤害,而且给社会和家庭增加了负担。对流产物的染色体检测,为探究流产的病因,指导孕妇下一次备孕,实现优生优育,具有重要的意义,本研究采用拷贝数变异测序(copy number variation sequencing,CNV-Seq)联合短串联重复序列(short tandem repeats, STR)分型的方法,对150例流产物进行遗传学检测,并对结果进行分析,为探究自然流产的遗传学病因积累临床资料。
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本研究检测流产物150例,均成功检测,检测成功率100%,染色体正常71例(47.33%),染色体异常79例(52.67%)(见表 1)。
染色体异常类型 具体异常情况 n 占总数比例/% 染色体数目异常 染色体非整倍体 49 32.67 多倍体 7 4.67 染色体结构异常 染色体微重复/微缺失 4 2.67 染色体嵌合体 嵌合三体 10 6.67 嵌合单体 2 1.33 多条染色体嵌合 2 1.33 纯合区域 单亲二倍体 2 1.33 两种类型及以上异常 染色体数目+结构异常 3 2.00 合计 79 52.67 表 1 不同类型染色体异常的检测结果
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本研究共检出染色体非整倍体49例(染色体三体38例,X染色体单体11例);多倍体7例(69,XXY, 4例;69,XXX,3例),染色体数目异常在X、16、21号染色体发生率较高;嵌合体14例,其中16、X号染色体嵌合体发生率较高(见表 2)。
检测结果 n 占总数比例/% 45,X 11 7.33 69,XXY 4 2.67 69,XXX 3 2.00 47,XN, +3 1 0.67 47,XN, +4 3 2.00 47,XN, +5 2 1.33 47,XN, +13 1 0.67 47,XN, +14 2 1.33 47,XN, +15 3 2.00 47,XN, +16 10 6.67 47,XN, +18 5 3.33 47,XN, +20 1 0.67 47,XN, +21 6 4.00 47,XN, +22 1 0.67 49,XN, +3,+14,+5 1 0.67 48,XN, +7,+20 2 1.33 46,XN/45,X 2 1.33 46,XN/47,XN,+3 2 1.33 46,XN/47,XN,+5 1 0.67 46,XN/47,XN,+6 1 0.67 46,XN/47,XN,+7 1 0.67 46,XN/47,XN,+16 4 2.67 46,XN/47,XN,+21 1 0.67 多条染色体嵌合体 2 1.33 表 2 150例流产物染色体非整倍体、多倍体、嵌合体检测结果
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本研究共检出染色体微重复/微缺失4例(2.67%),同时存在染色体数目、结构异常3例(2.00%)。涉及1、13、14、17、18号染色体,经数据库查询,均存在不同类型的致病性表型(见表 3)。
序号 年龄/岁 孕周/周 孕产史 就诊原因 检测结果 致病性分析 1 29 8+3 G1P0 胚胎停育 Seq[GRCh37]1q21.1 q21.2(145866610-147915109)X1 发育迟缓,先天性心脏病,面部畸形,成人期精神分裂症 2 39 11+5 G4P1 胚胎停育 Seq[GRCh37]18p11.32(1-1553527)X1 发育迟缓,心脏畸形,前脑无裂畸形 3 26 6+6 G1P0 稽留流产 1:Seq[GRCH37]13q31.2 q34(87778439-15169878)X1 2:3q25.32(158047415-158583714)X3 小头畸形,心脏畸形 4 28 9+4 G1P0 稽留流产 1:Seq[GRCh37]14q11.1 q33.33(18944037-107349540)X3 2:45, X 智力低下,发育迟缓,肌张力低下,特纳综合征 5 31 9+5 G1P0 胚胎停育 1:Seq[GRCh37]17P12(14076298-15490260)X1 2:47, XN, +22 发育迟缓,肾脏畸形,智力低下,22-三体综合征 6 40 8+5 G5P2 胚胎停育 1:Seq[GRCh37]17p12(14080405-15473084)X3 2:46, XN/47, XN, +22 Chareot-Marie Tooth病 7 34 9+6 G5P2 胚胎停育 Seq[GRCh37]22q11.21(1888423-21524732)X1 DiGeorge综合征 表 3 流产物染色体CNV的检测结果
染色体拷贝数变异测序联合STR分型在流产物遗传学分析中的应用
Application of chromosome copy number variation sequencing combined with STR typing technique in the genetic analysis of abortion
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摘要:
目的对150例流产物进行遗传学检测,并对结果进行分析,为探究自然流产的遗传学病因积累临床资料。 方法选择2020年2-7月在安徽省妇幼保健院妇产科就诊的150例自然流产病人,运用拷贝数变异测序(copy number variation sequencing,CNV-Seq)联合短串联重复序列(Short tandem repeats,STR)分型对流产物进行遗传学检测。 结果150例流产物均成功检测,染色体正常71例(47.33%),染色体异常79例(52.67%),其中染色体数目异常56例,占染色体异常总数的70.89%,染色体微重复/微缺失4例(2.67%),嵌合体14例(9.33%),染色体数目合并结构异常3例(2.00%),单亲二倍体2例(1.33%)。导致自然流产最主要的染色体异常为染色体数目异常(37.33%),包括染色体非整倍体(32.67%)、三倍体(4.67%);其次为嵌合体(9.33%)。与自然流产密切相关的染色体异常依次为:45,X、16-三体;69,XNN、21-三体;18-三体;16-三体嵌合体。 结论CNV-Seq联合STR技术适用于流产物染色体异常的检测,可覆盖更多范围的染色体异常,能实现更加准确、全面的诊断,对明确自然流产的遗传因素,指导孕妇再次备孕,实现优生优育具有重要的意义。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the genetic causes of spontaneous abortion and accumulate clinical data by genetic detection and analysis of the 150 cases of abortion. MethodsA total of 150 patients with spontaneous abortion who underwent in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Anhui Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital from February 2020 to July 2020 were selected.Copy number variation sequencing(CNV-Seq) combined with short tandem repeats(STR) typing technique were used to detect the genetic characteristics of abortion. ResultsAll 150 cases of abortion were detected successfully, 71 cases were normal(47.33%), 79 cases were chromosomal abnormalities(52.67%).Among them, 56 cases(70.89%) had chromosome number abnormality, 4 cases had chromosome microduplication/microdeletion(2.67%), 14 cases had mosaicisms(9.33%), 3 cases had chromosome number and structure abnormality(2.00%), and 2 cases had uniparental diploid(1.33%).The main chromosomal abnormality which leading to spontaneous abortion was chromosomal number abnormality(37.33%), including chromosome aneuploidy(32.67%) and triploid(4.67%), followed by mosaicisms(9.33%).The chromosomal abnormalities which closely related to spontaneous abortion were (45, X), trisomy 16, (69, XNN), trisomy 21, trisomy18 and mosaic trisomy16. ConclusionsCNV-Seq combined with STR typing technique is suitable for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in abortion.It can cover more chromosomal abnormalities and also can realize more accurate and comprehensive diagnosis in abortion.It has great significance to diagnose the genetic factors for spontaneous abortion, guide pregnant women to prepare for pregnancy again and realize the eugenics. -
表 1 不同类型染色体异常的检测结果
染色体异常类型 具体异常情况 n 占总数比例/% 染色体数目异常 染色体非整倍体 49 32.67 多倍体 7 4.67 染色体结构异常 染色体微重复/微缺失 4 2.67 染色体嵌合体 嵌合三体 10 6.67 嵌合单体 2 1.33 多条染色体嵌合 2 1.33 纯合区域 单亲二倍体 2 1.33 两种类型及以上异常 染色体数目+结构异常 3 2.00 合计 79 52.67 表 2 150例流产物染色体非整倍体、多倍体、嵌合体检测结果
检测结果 n 占总数比例/% 45,X 11 7.33 69,XXY 4 2.67 69,XXX 3 2.00 47,XN, +3 1 0.67 47,XN, +4 3 2.00 47,XN, +5 2 1.33 47,XN, +13 1 0.67 47,XN, +14 2 1.33 47,XN, +15 3 2.00 47,XN, +16 10 6.67 47,XN, +18 5 3.33 47,XN, +20 1 0.67 47,XN, +21 6 4.00 47,XN, +22 1 0.67 49,XN, +3,+14,+5 1 0.67 48,XN, +7,+20 2 1.33 46,XN/45,X 2 1.33 46,XN/47,XN,+3 2 1.33 46,XN/47,XN,+5 1 0.67 46,XN/47,XN,+6 1 0.67 46,XN/47,XN,+7 1 0.67 46,XN/47,XN,+16 4 2.67 46,XN/47,XN,+21 1 0.67 多条染色体嵌合体 2 1.33 表 3 流产物染色体CNV的检测结果
序号 年龄/岁 孕周/周 孕产史 就诊原因 检测结果 致病性分析 1 29 8+3 G1P0 胚胎停育 Seq[GRCh37]1q21.1 q21.2(145866610-147915109)X1 发育迟缓,先天性心脏病,面部畸形,成人期精神分裂症 2 39 11+5 G4P1 胚胎停育 Seq[GRCh37]18p11.32(1-1553527)X1 发育迟缓,心脏畸形,前脑无裂畸形 3 26 6+6 G1P0 稽留流产 1:Seq[GRCH37]13q31.2 q34(87778439-15169878)X1 2:3q25.32(158047415-158583714)X3 小头畸形,心脏畸形 4 28 9+4 G1P0 稽留流产 1:Seq[GRCh37]14q11.1 q33.33(18944037-107349540)X3 2:45, X 智力低下,发育迟缓,肌张力低下,特纳综合征 5 31 9+5 G1P0 胚胎停育 1:Seq[GRCh37]17P12(14076298-15490260)X1 2:47, XN, +22 发育迟缓,肾脏畸形,智力低下,22-三体综合征 6 40 8+5 G5P2 胚胎停育 1:Seq[GRCh37]17p12(14080405-15473084)X3 2:46, XN/47, XN, +22 Chareot-Marie Tooth病 7 34 9+6 G5P2 胚胎停育 Seq[GRCh37]22q11.21(1888423-21524732)X1 DiGeorge综合征 -
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