• 中国科技论文统计源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • 中国高校优秀期刊
  • 安徽省优秀科技期刊
Volume 44 Issue 9
Sep.  2019
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Effect of raltitrexeds combined with oxaliplatin or irinotecan on transaminase in patient with advanced colorectal cancer

  • Corresponding author: WANG Zi-shu, wzshahbb@163.com
  • Received Date: 2019-01-06
    Accepted Date: 2019-08-07
  • ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of raltitrexed, and raltitrexed combined with oxaliplatin or irinotecan on transaminase in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.MethodsForty-eight patients with advanced colorectal cancer were divided into group A(13 case) group B(23 cases) and group C(12 cases) according to the chemotherapy regimen.The A group, B group and C group were treated with raltitrexed monotherapy, chemotherapy of raltitrexed combined with oxaliplatin and raltitrexed combined with irinotecan, respectively.The effects of three regimens on the levels of AST and ALT in patients with advanced colorectal cancer were analyzed.ResultsAfter three groups were treated with three or more cycles of chemotherapy, the proportions of AST in normal range in group A, B and C were 53.85%, 86.96% and 83.33%, respectively, the proportions of ALT in normal range in group A, B and C were 92.31%, 91.30% and 100%, respectively, and the differences of the AST and ALT grading among three groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The differences of the ALT in patients with liver metastasis among three groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05), and the level of AST in group C were higher than that in group A and group B(P < 0.01 and P < 0.05).The levels of AST and ALT in patients without liver metastasis of group B and group C were lower than those of group A(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The differences of the ALT and AST in patients with different primary lesions among three groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).ConclusionsThe raltitrexed-based second-line treatment can be used as an effective palliative treatment in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, which is worthy of further promotion.
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  • [1] BRENNER H, KLOOR M, POX CP.Colorectal cancer[J].Lancet, 2014, 383(9927):1490. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61649-9
    [2] 王珺, 梁淑影, 单争争, 等.雷替曲塞二线治疗晚期结直肠癌的疗效分析[J].郑州大学学报(医学版), 2017, 52(3):317.
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    [5] JI YK, JIN SK, MOO JB, et al.Prospective phase Ⅱ study of neoadjuvant FOLFOX6 plus cetuximab in patients with colorectal cancer and unresectable liver-only metastasis[J].Cancer Chemoth Pham, 2013, 72(1):223. doi: 10.1007/s00280-013-2190-1
    [6] KANDUTSCH S, KLINGER M, HACKER S, et al.Patterns of hepatotoxicity after chemotherapy for colorectal cancer liver metastases[J].Eur J Surg Oncol, 2008, 34(11):1231. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2008.01.001
    [7] MAARTJE AJ, CELIEN V, ALI W, et al.Hyaluronic acid as a marker of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome secondary to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(5):1462. doi: 10.1245/s10434-013-2915-8
    [8] GRAVALOS C, SALUTA A, GARCIA-GIRON C, et al.A randomized phase Ⅱ study to compare oxaliplatin plus 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin(FOLFOX4) versus oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed(TOMOX) as first-line chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer[J].Clin Transl Oncol, 2012, 14(8):606. doi: 10.1007/s12094-012-0843-x
    [9] BARNI S, GHIDINI A, COINU A, et al.A systematic review of raltitrexed-based first-line chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer[J].Anti-cancer Drug, 2014, 25(10):1122. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000133
    [10] 王佳蕾, 李进, 秦叔逵, 等.雷替曲塞或氟尿嘧啶/亚叶酸钙联合奥沙利铂治疗局部晚期或复发转移性结直肠癌的随机对照多中心Ⅲ期临床试验[J].临床肿瘤学杂志, 2012, 17(1):6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0460.2012.01.002
    [11] KELLY C, BHUVA N, HARRISON M, et al.Use of raltitrexed as an alternative to 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine in cancer patients with cardiac history[J].Eur J Cancer, 2013, 49(10):2303. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.03.004
    [12] 陈建林, 宋卫峰, 陈栋晖.雷替曲塞治疗晚期结直肠癌临床疗效的Meta分析[J].中国新药与临床杂志, 2010, 29(11):853.
    [13] LIU Y, WU W, HONG W, et al.Raltitrexed-based chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer[J].Clin Res Hepatol Gas, 2014, 38(2):219. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2013.11.006
    [14] 蔡承哲.脑栓通胶囊治疗动脉硬化性脑梗死患者的效果观察[J].哈尔滨医药, 2016, 36(1):38.
    [15] 吴振海, 曲秀娟.雷替曲塞在晚期结直肠癌中的应用进展[J].中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2018, 7(1):62. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2018.01.013
    [16] 余嘉文.雷替曲塞单药二线治疗晚期大肠癌疗效观察[J].中国现代药物应用, 2012, 6(4):18. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9523.2012.04.011
    [17] SHAO GL, LIU RB, DING WB, et al.Efficacy and safety of raltitrexed-based transarterial chemoembolization for colorectal cancer liver metastases[J].Anti-cancer Drug, 2018, 29(10):1021. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000690
    [18] 封革, 胡萍, 高金锋, 等.雷替曲塞在晚期结直肠癌三线治疗的临床观察[J].医学信息, 2016, 29(18):69.
    [19] 谢达成, 李宁, 王静珏, 等.雷替曲塞联合伊立替康2周方案对比FOLFIRI方案二线治疗晚期结直肠癌的疗效观察[J].临床肿瘤学杂志, 2013, 18(2):140. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0460.2013.02.011
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Effect of raltitrexeds combined with oxaliplatin or irinotecan on transaminase in patient with advanced colorectal cancer

    Corresponding author: WANG Zi-shu, wzshahbb@163.com
  • Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233004, China

Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of raltitrexed, and raltitrexed combined with oxaliplatin or irinotecan on transaminase in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.MethodsForty-eight patients with advanced colorectal cancer were divided into group A(13 case) group B(23 cases) and group C(12 cases) according to the chemotherapy regimen.The A group, B group and C group were treated with raltitrexed monotherapy, chemotherapy of raltitrexed combined with oxaliplatin and raltitrexed combined with irinotecan, respectively.The effects of three regimens on the levels of AST and ALT in patients with advanced colorectal cancer were analyzed.ResultsAfter three groups were treated with three or more cycles of chemotherapy, the proportions of AST in normal range in group A, B and C were 53.85%, 86.96% and 83.33%, respectively, the proportions of ALT in normal range in group A, B and C were 92.31%, 91.30% and 100%, respectively, and the differences of the AST and ALT grading among three groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The differences of the ALT in patients with liver metastasis among three groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05), and the level of AST in group C were higher than that in group A and group B(P < 0.01 and P < 0.05).The levels of AST and ALT in patients without liver metastasis of group B and group C were lower than those of group A(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The differences of the ALT and AST in patients with different primary lesions among three groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).ConclusionsThe raltitrexed-based second-line treatment can be used as an effective palliative treatment in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, which is worthy of further promotion.

  • 结直肠癌是最为常见的胃肠道恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率和死亡率分别位居全球第3和第4位[1]。在我国,近年来每年新结直肠癌发病病例约25万,死亡病例约14万,发病率和死亡率在恶性肿瘤中分别居第3位和第5位[2]。而由于我国癌症早期诊断率较低,60%结直肠癌病人确诊时已为中晚期;同时,大约60%的结直肠癌病人已经存在或将会发生肝转移,且转移性结直肠癌5年生存率仅为12%[3]。而在这些病人中,肝脏为唯一转移部位的概率高达30%。结直肠癌肝转移治疗的金标准为手术切除。然而据报道[4],仅有15%~30%的结直肠癌肝转移病人可以进行手术切除转移病灶。化疗方面,以5-氟嘧啶(5-FU)为基础联合奥沙利铂或伊立替康是治疗直肠癌肝转移最普遍的化疗方案[5]。然而有报道[6-7]表明,使用这些药物对术后剩余的肝组织可能存在的影响仍是不确定的,甚至存在发展成为脂肪肝或肝窦损伤的风险。

    研究[8-9]表明,雷替曲塞与5-FU相比疗效相当,且不良反应较轻,可作为5-FU的替代治疗药物用于治疗转移性结直肠癌。虽然与5-FU同为胸腺嘧啶核苷酸合成酶(thymidylate synthetase,TS)抑制剂,但由于结合位点和作用机制不同,雷替曲塞与5-FU不存在交叉耐药现象[10],并且未有文献明确报道雷替曲塞的心脏毒性[11]。雷替曲塞单药即已表现出广泛抗肿瘤活性,对胃癌、肠癌和肝癌等都具有抗肿瘤作用[12]。然而,另有研究[13]表明,与5-FU相比,雷替曲塞不良反应主要表现为更高的肝功能异常等。本研究通过比较单药雷替曲塞、雷替曲塞联合奥沙利铂或伊立替康在化疗过程中对天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)的影响,进而分析其在结直肠癌晚期肝转移病人二线化疗过程中对肝脏的不良作用。现作报道。

1.   资料与方法
  • 选取2017年1月至2018年7月在我科诊治的晚期结直肠癌病人48例为研究对象,其中男27例,女21例。纳入标准:(1)经病理组织学及影像学诊断为转移性结直肠癌;(2)经标准一线化疗治疗失败或缓解后疾病进展;(3)既往未使用过雷替曲塞;(4)全身功能状态评分0~2分;(5)转移灶无法切除且可测量(≥1个病灶且最大径>1 cm);(6)所有病人均签署知情同意书。根据不同化疗方案,将病人分为3组:A组13例采用雷替曲塞单药方案,其中男8例,女5例,年龄(55.46±11.71)岁;B组23例采用雷替曲塞联合奥沙利铂方案,其中男12例,女11例,年龄(59.35±12.82)岁;C组12例采用雷替曲塞联合伊立替康方案,其中男7例,女5例,年龄(60.67±7.28)岁。3组病人性别、年龄、KPS评分、原发病灶、有无肝转移等方面均具有可比性。

  • A组采用雷替曲塞单药(雷替曲塞3 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1天)方案;B组采用雷替曲塞联合奥沙利铂(奥沙利铂130 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1天,雷替曲塞2.5 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1天)方案;C组采用雷替曲塞联合伊立替康(伊立替康180 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1天,雷替曲塞2.5 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1天)方案。3组病人均每3周重复,直至疾病进展或出现不能耐受的不良反应。

  • 比较3组病人AST和ALT水平。AST(15~45 U/L)和ALT(9~60 U/L)参考区间参照我院规定。不良事件常用术语评定标准采用美国卫生与公共服务部发布的CTCAE 4.0版,分为1~4级:1级,>最高上限(ULN)~3.0×ULN;2级,>3.0~5.0×ULN;3级,>5.0~20.0×ULN;4级,>20.0×ULN。

  • 采用方差分析、q检验和χ2检验。

2.   结果
  • 3组病人均经过3个及以上化疗周期。A、B、C组病人AST处于正常值范围比例分别为53.85%、86.96%、83.33%,ALT处于正常值范围比例分别为92.31%、91.30%、100%。3组大多数病人(1例除外,后续分析中将其归为1级)的AST和ALT水平均处于正常值范围或1级,3组AST和ALT分级差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。

    分组 n AST(15~45 U/L) ALT(9~60 U/L)
    n 1级 n 1级
    A组 13 7 6 12 1
    B组 23 20 3 21 2
    C组 12 10 2 12 0
    χ2 5.51 1.08
    P >0.05 >0.05
  • 将C组中1例AST 2级病人归为1级,以有无肝转移为变量分析3组病人化疗过程中AST和ALT变化情况。结果表明,3组肝转移病人中,C组AST均高于A组和B组(P < 0.01和P < 0.05),3组ALT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);无肝转移病人中,B组和C组AST和ALT均低于A组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 2)。

    分组 n AST/(U/L) ALT/(U/L)
    肝转移
      A组 10 44.15±15.38 29.86±11.23
      B组 5 39.17±6.83 33.72±9.53
      C组 2 98.17±57.84**# 32.00±17.00
      F 6.87 0.20
      P < 0.01 >0.05
      MS组内 404.354 127.664
    无肝转移
      A组 3 52.62±27.47 71.28±45.75
      B组 18 32.82±11.28* 31.74±21.41**
      C组 10 28.89±9.01* 20.37±7.41**
      F 4.19 6.71
      P < 0.05 < 0.01
      MS组内 157.246 445.461
    q检验:与A组比较*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01;与B组比较#P < 0.05,##P < 0.01
  • 将C组中1例AST 2级病人归为1级,分析雷替曲塞及其联合用药方案针对不同原发病灶化疗过程中AST和ALT变化情况,结果表明,3组不同原发病灶病人AST和ALT间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 3)。

    分组 n AST(U/L) ALT(U/L)
    结肠
      A组 5 38.06±10.21 31.38±15.26
      B组 11 36.92±11.19 34.56±18.98
      C组 6 32.26±10.29 18.75±5.85
      F 0.49 2.00
      P >0.05 >0.05
      MS组内 115.714 247.631
    直肠
      A组 8 51.14±21.65 44.44±35.02
      B组 14 33.05±9.64 34.29±23.40
      C组 6 48.61±48.41 25.86±12.89
      F 1.58 0.92
      P >0.05 >0.05
      MS组内 648.271 661.354
3.   讨论
  • 近年随着生活水平提高,人们的饮食结构和生活习惯改变,结直肠的发病率逐年上升,并且有年轻化趋势。因我国癌症早期诊断率较低,60%的结直肠癌病人确诊时已为晚期且已经存在或将会发生肝转移。目前,以5-FU为基础的化疗方案,联合奥沙利铂或者伊立替康,互为晚期结直肠癌一、二线治疗方案[14]。但由于一线治疗已使用5-FU,相当一部分病人对其耐药,势必影响二线治疗效果,增加不良反应发生风险。

    雷替曲塞是一种新型的高特异性TS抑制剂,于上世纪90年代在英国研发上市。与5-FU不同的是,其作为抗代谢类喹啉叶酸盐类似物,通过与TS上叶酸结合位点的特异性结合,从而增强抑制作用并延长其在细胞内部的滞留时间,诱导肿瘤细胞死亡[15],且与5-FU不存在交叉耐药现象。多篇文献[16-18]报道了雷替曲塞与5-FU的疗效对比,肯定了其在临床上用于治疗晚期结直肠癌的功效。在不良反应方面,有研究[13, 19]表明,与5-FU相比,雷替曲塞主要表现为更高的肝功能异。本研究中,48例结直肠癌晚期病人分别采用雷替曲塞单药及其联合用药方案,结果显示,雷替曲塞单药、雷替曲塞联合奥沙利铂或伊立替康联合用药对病人AST和ALT的升高并无显著影响,用药之后病人AST和ALT基本处于正常范围或1级范围。这可能与雷替曲塞单药应用与联合用药时剂量不同有关。同时,3组中肝转移病人的ALT差异无统计学意义,C组AST均高于A组和B组;B组和C组无肝转移病人AST和ALT均低于A组无肝转移病人。另一方面,以晚期结直肠癌病人的原发病灶为变量分析发现,其在雷替曲塞单药、雷替曲塞联合奥沙利铂或伊立替康用药治疗结直肠癌晚期病人中并未表现出AST和ALT值的显著差异。

    综上所述,雷替曲塞单药、雷替曲塞联合奥沙利铂或者伊立替康在二线治疗结直肠癌晚期过程中,对病人AST和ALT值变化并没有表现出显著影响,与病人的原发病灶并无显著相关,以雷替曲塞为基础的二线治疗方案,可作为晚期结直肠癌病人有效的姑息治疗方案,值得推广。

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