• 中国科技论文统计源期刊
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Volume 44 Issue 11
Nov.  2019
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Effect of selenium on the clinical efficacy and oxidant/antioxidant system in Hashimoto thyroiditis

  • Received Date: 2018-04-30
    Accepted Date: 2019-06-30
  • ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of selenium intervention on the clinical curativeeffect and oxidative/antioxidant system in Hashimoto thyroiditis(HT).MethodsSixty cases with HT were randomly divided into the selenium group(group A) and levothyroxine group(group B), and further divided into the A1 and A2 subgroups(euthyroidism), and B1 and B2 subgroups(hypothyroidism).Patients in group A and B were both treated with levothyroxine replacement therapy.Besides, patients in group A received particular treatment of selenium geast.Thirty healthy people were set as the normal control group(NC group).The changes of the serum levels of selenium, TT3, TT4, TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb), thyroid globulin antibody(TgAb), oxidation index(MDA) and antioxidant index(GPX) in each group were analyzed before and after treatment.And the corretations of the indexes were also analyzed.ResultsBefore treatment, the serum levels of selenium in HT patients were significantly lower than that in NC group(P < 0.05), and which in hypothyroidism group were lower than that in euthyroidism group(P < 0.05).After treatment, the serum levels of selenium in group A increased greatly(P < 0.05), and there was not obvious change in group B(P>0.05).After treatment, the serum levels of TSH in A2 and B2 groups decreased greatly(P < 0.05), and the difference of the thyroid function in other groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).After treatment, the levels of TPOAb and TgAb in group A decreased remarkably on the whole(P < 0.01), and the change of which in group B was not obvious(P>0.05).Before treatment, the concentration of MDA and GPX activity in HT patients were higher and lower than that in NC group, respectively(P < 0.05).After treatment, the total serum level of MDA and GPX activity in group A decreased and increased greatly, respectively(P < 0.05), and the changes of two indexes were not obvious in group B(P>0.05).Before treatment, the serum level of selenium was positively correlated with TT4(r=0.294, P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with TSH(r=-0.343, P < 0.01).There was not significant correlation among other indicators(P>0.05).ConclusionsThe serum level of selenium in HT patients is lower than that in healthy people.The selenium yeast can reduce the levels of thyroid autoantibodies(TPOAb and TgAb), strengthen the antioxidant capacity, and reduce the oxidative damage in HT patients.The treatment effect of selenium combined with levothyroxine is superior to the single use of the latter.
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    [5] 朱文, 宋晓敏, 王博, 等.硒酵母辅助优甲乐治疗桥本甲状腺炎甲状腺功能减退临床疗效观察[J].中国医药导刊, 2014, 16(4):701.
    [6] 中华医学会内分泌学分会《中国甲状腺疾病诊治指南》编写组.中国甲状腺疾病诊治指南:甲状腺炎[J].中华内科杂志, 2008, 47(9):784.
    [7] RADETTI G.Clinical aspects of Hashimoto's thyroiditis[M].Basel:Karger Publishers, 2014:158.
    [8] DRUTEL A, ARCHAMBEAUD F, CARON P.Selenium and the thyroid gland:more good news for clinicians[J].Clin Endocrinol, 2013, 78(2):155.
    [9] KÖHRLE J.Selenium and the thyroid[J].Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes, 2015, 22(5):392.
    [10] 薛冀苏, 幸思忠.补硒治疗对桥本氏甲状腺炎的临床观察研究[J].当代医学, 2012, 18(12):90.
    [11] BHUYAN AK, SARMA D, SAIKIA UK.Selenium and the thyroid:A close-knit connection[J].Indian J Endocrinol Metab, 2012, 16(Suppl 2):S354.
    [12] 贺晓立, 李昀昊, 杨宏杰.桥本甲状腺炎发病机制的研究进展[J].医学信息, 2014, 27(1):475.
    [13] 刘莉, 平智广, 朱本章.自身免疫性甲状腺病患者血清硒水平[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志, 2005, 21(6):537.
    [14] DUNTAS LH.The role of iodine and selenium in Autoimmune Thyroiditis[J].Horm Metab Res, 2015, 47(10):721.
    [15] 边德志, 钱晓娟, 李政, 等.硒酵母辅助优甲乐在改善桥本甲状腺炎甲状腺功能减退中的效果评价[J].中外医疗, 2014, 33(36):20.
    [16] 刘坤, 江楠.硒制剂治疗桥本甲状腺炎伴甲减患者临床疗效[J].医学信息, 2014, 27(38):326.
    [17] 姜云生.硒酵母治疗桥本病100例分析[J].吉林医学, 2014, 35(11):2303.
    [18] NACAMULLI D, MIAN C, PETRICCA D, et al.Influence of physiological siological dietary selenium supplementation on the natural course of autoimmune thyroiditis[J].Clin Endocrinol, 2010, 73(4):535.
    [19] 吴东红, 柳杰, 徐滨华, 等.西维尔在慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎中的应用[J].检验医学与临床, 2013, 10(19):2535.
    [20] 寿岚, 刘玉华, 任跃忠.硒治疗桥本甲状腺炎时T淋巴细胞亚群的变化[J].中国基层医药, 2013, 20(8):1241.
    [21] ANASTASILAKIS AD, TOULIS KA, NISIANAKIS P, et al.Selenomethionine treatment in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis:a prospective, quasi-randomised trial[J].Int J Clin Practice, 2012, 66(4):378.
    [22] 吕飞娟, 杨燕玲, 许景生, 等.亚硒酸钠治疗桥本甲状腺炎的临床观察[J].临床军医杂志, 2013, 41(1):35.
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Effect of selenium on the clinical efficacy and oxidant/antioxidant system in Hashimoto thyroiditis

  • 1. Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233040
  • 2. Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui 233004, China

Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of selenium intervention on the clinical curativeeffect and oxidative/antioxidant system in Hashimoto thyroiditis(HT).MethodsSixty cases with HT were randomly divided into the selenium group(group A) and levothyroxine group(group B), and further divided into the A1 and A2 subgroups(euthyroidism), and B1 and B2 subgroups(hypothyroidism).Patients in group A and B were both treated with levothyroxine replacement therapy.Besides, patients in group A received particular treatment of selenium geast.Thirty healthy people were set as the normal control group(NC group).The changes of the serum levels of selenium, TT3, TT4, TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb), thyroid globulin antibody(TgAb), oxidation index(MDA) and antioxidant index(GPX) in each group were analyzed before and after treatment.And the corretations of the indexes were also analyzed.ResultsBefore treatment, the serum levels of selenium in HT patients were significantly lower than that in NC group(P < 0.05), and which in hypothyroidism group were lower than that in euthyroidism group(P < 0.05).After treatment, the serum levels of selenium in group A increased greatly(P < 0.05), and there was not obvious change in group B(P>0.05).After treatment, the serum levels of TSH in A2 and B2 groups decreased greatly(P < 0.05), and the difference of the thyroid function in other groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).After treatment, the levels of TPOAb and TgAb in group A decreased remarkably on the whole(P < 0.01), and the change of which in group B was not obvious(P>0.05).Before treatment, the concentration of MDA and GPX activity in HT patients were higher and lower than that in NC group, respectively(P < 0.05).After treatment, the total serum level of MDA and GPX activity in group A decreased and increased greatly, respectively(P < 0.05), and the changes of two indexes were not obvious in group B(P>0.05).Before treatment, the serum level of selenium was positively correlated with TT4(r=0.294, P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with TSH(r=-0.343, P < 0.01).There was not significant correlation among other indicators(P>0.05).ConclusionsThe serum level of selenium in HT patients is lower than that in healthy people.The selenium yeast can reduce the levels of thyroid autoantibodies(TPOAb and TgAb), strengthen the antioxidant capacity, and reduce the oxidative damage in HT patients.The treatment effect of selenium combined with levothyroxine is superior to the single use of the latter.

  • 桥本甲状腺炎(Hashimoto thyroiditis, HT)是最常见的自身免疫性甲状腺疾病[1],以血清中存在高滴度的甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(thyroid peroxidy antibody, TPOAb)和甲状腺球蛋白抗体(thyroglobulin antibody, TgAb)以及甲状腺组织中大量淋巴细胞浸润为特点,最终出现甲状腺滤泡结构破坏和甲状腺功能减退。HT发病率近年来呈逐渐上升趋势,好发于30~50岁女性[2]。有研究[3]认为,HT氧化应激水平升高,抗氧化及免疫调节能力减弱,造成甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞(thyroid follicular epithelial cell, TEC)氧化及免疫损伤,诱发或加重HT病情。然而HT的发病机制仍未完全明确,治疗上仅局限于对症处理,甲减病人给予左甲状腺素钠片替代治疗后可减轻甲状腺肿、改善甲状腺功能[4],但对于高抗体滴度疗效不佳[5],对甲状腺其他炎症损伤的作用及机制也不清楚,尚无阻止病情进展作用的证据。本文主要探讨硒能否改善HT病情及其对HT氧化及抗氧化系统的作用。

1.   资料与方法
  • 选取2015年5-8月于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院就诊的HT病人,共60例,诊断依据采用《中国甲状腺疾病诊治指南》中的HT诊断标准[6]。年龄10~64岁,其中男4例,女56例。另随机选取同期我院健康体检者30名为正常对照组(NC组),年龄22~59岁,其中男5名,女25名。所有入选对象均排除严重的心肝肾疾病、神经和精神系统疾病以及哺乳期、妊娠期妇女。入选的HT病人随机分为补硒组(A组)和左甲组(B组),再分为甲功正常的A1、B1亚组和甲减的A2、B2亚组。本研究在实施前已通过该医院临床医学研究伦理委员会的审查。临床试验注册:中国临床试验注册中心ChiCTR-IPR-15006442。

  • 采取硒酵母辅助左甲状腺素钠片(优甲乐,德国默克药业公司,注册证号H20140052)治疗维持TSH在正常范围(0.4~4.0 mIU/L)基础上,联合硒酵母胶囊(富希康,芜湖华信生物药业股份有限公司,国药准字H20052532)治疗,每次200 μg,每日2次,口服,以3个月为观察时间。询问有无药物不良反应,提醒病人服药期间不用免疫调节剂等对治疗有影响的药物。

  • 采用口服左甲状腺素钠替代治疗维持TSH在正常范围。B1亚组每次25 μg,每日1次,B2亚组从25~50 μg开始,每日1次;间隔1~2周后根据甲状腺功能增加25~50 μg,维持剂量50~150 μg,每日1次。观察3个月。

  • (1) 甲状腺功能:总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、甲状腺素(TT4)、TSH, 采用化学发光法检测;(2)甲状腺自身抗体:TgAb、TPOAb采用放射免疫法检测(天津市协和医药科技集团有限公司);(3)血清硒:采用原子荧光光谱法检测,检测仪器为北京吉天仪器有限公司AFS-9130双道原子荧光光度计;(4)氧化及抗氧化指标:丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(GPX),分别采用硫代巴比妥酸比色法、二硫代二硝基苯甲酸直接法检测(南京建成生物工程研究所)。以上指标治疗前后各检查1次。

  • 采用t检验、方差分析、秩和(Mann-Whitney U或Kruskal-Wallis H)检验、χ2检验、双变量相关分析(Pearson积差相关分析或Spearman秩相关分析)。

2.   结果
  • HT病人共60例,其中A组34例,B组26例。NC组共30例。各组年龄、性别差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。

    分组 n 年龄/岁
    A组
      A1亚组 19 17 2 32.63±12.26
      A2亚组 15 15 0 36.00±13.43
    B组
      B1亚组 16 14 2 38.56±14.76
      B2亚组 10 10 0 41.00±16.36
    NC组 30 25 5 35.23±10.12
      合计 90 81 9 36.04±12.75
      F 4.38* 0.90
      P >0.05 >0.05
      MS组内 163.267
    *示χ2
  • 治疗前HT各组血硒水平明显低于NC组(P < 0.01),其中A1、B1亚组分别高于A2、B2亚组(P < 0.05)。治疗后血硒水平升高值A组及其亚组明显高于B组及其亚组(P < 0.01)(见表 2)。

    分组 n 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前后差值
    M P25 P75 M P25 P75 M P25 P75
    A组
      A1亚组 19 36.49** 22.17 43.78 86.45# 80.78 94.12 52.43△△ 44.97 66.12
      A2亚组 15 18.63** 17.09 23.51 95.84# 80.43 116.84 67.75△△ 41.47 101.11
    B组
      B1亚组 16 26.30**▲ 21.93 42.18 40.62 31.80 53.95 8.09 -3.49 16.88
      B2亚组 10 13.17**+ 10.13 47.46 36.91 24.17 51.10 10.82 5.18 25.96
      NC组 30 103.12 98.02 109.87
      Hc 64.98 39.49 39.12
      P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    治疗前:与NC组比较**P < 0.01;与A1亚组比较▲P < 0.05, 与A2亚组比较+P < 0.05, 治疗后与治疗前比较#P < 0.05, 与B组比较△△P < 0.01
  • 治疗前,A1、B1各亚组的TT3与TT4水平均高于B2组(P < 0.05),TSH水平低于B2组(P < 0.01);治疗后,A2、B2亚组TSH水平降低(P < 0.05),A2亚组TT4水平升高(P < 0.05),其余各组甲状腺功能变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 3)。

    分组 n TT3(x±s;ng/mL) TT4[M(P25~P75);ng/mL] TSH[M(P25-P75);mIU/L]
    治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后
    A组
      A1亚组 19 1.14±0.23* 1.10±0.28 87.00*(75.23~99.10) 81.50(76.70~97.40) 1.80**(0.85~2.59) 1.43(1.05~2.42)
      A2亚组 15 1.03±0.07 1.15±0.23 68.00(60.24~82.70) 85.29(68.80~92.80) 8.61*(5.31~13.5) 2.68(2.43~3.73)
    B组
      B1亚组 16 1.17±0.24* 1.08±0.24 82.20*(56.26~99.84) 88.42(71.11~98.69) 1.17**(0.57~1.84) 1.20(0.59~170)
      B2亚组 10 0.87±0.31 1.04±0.2 53.67(24.54~64.78) 66.11(58.05~96.23) 15.03(6.77~42.25) 3.33(3.01~3.72)
      Hc 4.80 0.41 14.32 1.38 44.28 27.39
      P < 0.01 >0.05 < 0.01 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01
      MS组内 0.049 0.06
    q检验:与B2亚组比较*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01;组内配对符号的秩和检验:△P < 0.05
  • 治疗前,TPOAb及TgAb水平在A、B各亚组之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,A1和A2亚组TPOAb及TgAb水平均明显降低(P < 0.01),B组中仅有B1亚组TgAb水平下降(P < 0.05),余亚组TPOAb及TgAb水平变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,A1和A2亚组的TPOAb及TgAb水平降低幅度均高于B2亚组(P < 0.01),其他亚组间降低幅度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 4)。

    分组 n TPOAb TgAb
    治疗前 治疗后 治疗前后差值 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前后差值
    A组
      A1亚组 19 35.12±5.47 24.92±11.23## 10.20±11.11 52.85±9.64 38.08±18.21## 14.77±17.21
      A2亚组 15 31.73±8.22 22.00±6.08## 9.73±5.87 47.33±11.47 33.00±10.18## 14.33±8.28
    B组
      B1亚组 16 34.50±8.26 29.48±9.42 5.01±7.60 50.26±8.95 40.87±11.91# 9.39±10.58
      B2亚组 10 34.42±9.64 36.02±11.14*△△ -1.59±7.58*△△ 53.28±15.16 52.83±15.12*△△ 0.45±8.95*△△
      F 0.60 4.86 5.04 0.90 3.96 3.41
      P >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 >0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05
      MS组内 59.740 93.513 73.002 121.175 207.246 155.188
    q检验:与A1亚组比较*P < 0.05;与A2亚组比较△P < 0.05,△△P < 0.01。组内配对t检验:#P < 0.05,## P < 0.01
  • 治疗前,HT病人MDA水平高于NC组(P < 0.05),而GPX活性低于NC组(P < 0.05)。治疗后,A组MDA水平降低值明显高于B组(P < 0.05),但亚组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组及其亚组GPX活性升高值高于B组及其亚组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 5)。

    分组 n MDA水平[M(P25~P75); nmol/mL] GPX(x±s; 酶活力单位)
    治疗前 治疗后 治疗前后差值 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前后差值
    A组
      A1亚组 19 8.58*(6.42~12.09) 4.52#(3.45~5.24) 3.82(2.39~7.57) 96.43±40.35* 138.44±29.51# 42.01±19.94
      A2亚组 15 7.18*(5.82~9.20) 4.86#(3.19~5.81) 2.06(0.55~4.12) 99.84±43.50* 134.17±37.41# 34.33±28.12
    B组
      B1亚组 16 7.28*(5.70~10.90) 6.06(5.38~8.62) 0.44(-1.31~3.71) 99.76±47.92* 113.01±30.12 13.26±41.32
      B2亚组 10 6.54*(4.61~10.29) 5.52(4.75~6.27) 1.04(-1.32~4.93) 112.88±50.99* 114.00±23.60 1.12±40.54
    NC组 4.30(3.61~4.83) 144.21±44.65
      Hc 45.93 15.38 7.58 4.88 2.79 4.68
      P < 0.01 < 0.01 >0.05 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.01
      MS组内 2 016.923 962.109 1 047.076
    q检验:与NC组比较*P < 0.05,与B组比较△P < 0.05;组内配对检验:与治疗前比较#P < 0.05
  • 治疗前,HT病人血硒水平与TT4呈正相关关系(r=0.294,P < 0.05),与TSH呈负相关关系(r=-0.343,P < 0.01),其余指标间无明显相关性(P>0.05)。

3.   讨论
  • HT是一种器官特异性自身免疫性疾病[7],其发病机制目前尚未完全明确,缺乏病因学的治疗方法。硒是人体必需的微量元素,甲状腺是人体中含硒量最高的器官之一[8],硒在甲状腺激素的合成、代谢以及活化过程中具有重要作用[9-10]。含硒蛋白酶中的GPX具有强大的抗氧化作用,可清除甲状腺内多余的氧自由基,维护细胞膜的完整性,同时也影响甲状腺激素的合成[11]。另一种硒酶脱碘酶参与甲状腺激素的代谢。在HT中,TSH水平升高以及淋巴细胞分泌的细胞因子可诱发氧自由基生成增多[12],而缺硒时,GPX活性下降,不能及时消除氧自由基,从而引发脂质过氧化作用,MDA水平因而升高,造成TEC氧化损伤,这可能是HT发病的重要机制。补硒后,GPX活性升高,机体抗氧化作用增强,多余的氧自由基被消除,TEC氧化损伤可能得到减轻。

    本研究显示HT病人血硒水平低于一般健康人群,补硒可明显升高血硒水平,与其他学者[13-14]的报道相一致。一些研究显示补硒可改善HT病人甲状腺功能[15-17],本研究中甲功改善程度补硒组与左甲组无明显差异,可能是由于实验中各组均服用优甲乐维持甲功在正常范围。但基线状态下HT甲减病人血硒水平低于甲功正常者,且HT病人血硒水平与TT4呈正相关关系,与TSH呈负相关关系。这说明甲减越重,血硒水平越低,血硒水平可能影响甲状腺激素的合成。治疗后补硒组甲状腺自身抗体(TPOAb、TgAb)明显降低,而左甲组下降不明显。亚组中抗体水平降低值甲减组(A2与B2亚组)比较差异有统计学意义,甲功正常组(A1与B1亚组)间差异无统计学意义,这提示硒干预有助于降低HT病人甲状腺自身抗体滴度,尤其是甲减的病人,这与刘坤等[15-16, 18-20]研究结果相似。治疗前HT病人MDA水平明显高于NC组,GPX活性则相反;治疗后补硒组MDA水平明显下降,GPX活性明显升高,而左甲组两个指标变化不明显。这证实了HT病人抗氧化防御能力降低,氧化水平升高,与文献[3]报道一致,而硒干预可减少氧化损伤。MDA水平降低值A组与B组差异有统计学意义,但可能由于各亚组例数较少、观察时间较短,亚组间差异无统计学意义。

    综上所述,补硒有助于降低病人甲状腺自身抗体滴度,同时增强机体抗氧化能力,减少氧化损伤,从而改善病情,且目前研究中补硒无明显不良反应发生,提示硒可作为HT治疗的新切入点。但也有小部分病人及其他研究报道[21-22]补硒效果不佳,是个体对硒治疗的反应性差异还是与其本身的硒或碘水平等有关,有待进一步研究。

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