• 中国科技论文统计源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • 中国高校优秀期刊
  • 安徽省优秀科技期刊
Volume 46 Issue 1
Feb.  2021
Article Contents
Turn off MathJax

Citation:

Effect of smoking on the clinical indicators and renal pathology of IgA nephropathy

  • Received Date: 2019-10-31
    Accepted Date: 2020-04-29
  • ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of smoking on the clinical indicators and renal pathology of IgA nephropathy.MethodsThe smoking status of 149 patients with IgA nephropathy was retrospectively analyzed, and its relationship with clinical indicators and renal pathological injury were analyzed.ResultsAmong 149 IgA nephropathy patients, 30 cases were smokers(smoking group)and 119 cases were non-smokers(non-smoking group).The glomerular filtration rate in smoking group was significantly lower than that in non-smoking group(P < 0.01), and the age, male ratio, and levels of triglyceride, blood glucose and urine β2 microglobulin, α1 microglobulin and 24 h urinary protein in smoking group were higher than those in non-smoking group(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The scores of renal interstitial fibrosis and glomerular capillary wall thickening in smoking group were higher than those in non-smoking group(P < 0.05).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the smoking amount was negatively correlated with eGFR(r=-0.219, P < 0.05), and positively correlated with the scores of renal interstitial fibrosis and renal tubular atrophy(r=0.183, 0.187, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThere is a correlation between smoking and renal function injury in IgA nephropathy patients.The chronic tubular interstitial lesion is the main feature of renal pathology caused by smoking.
  • 加载中
  • [1] USUI J, YAMAGATA K, KAI H, et al. Heterogeneity of prognosis in adult IgA nephropathy, especially with mild proteinuria or mild histological features[J]. Int Med, 2001, 40(8): 697. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.40.697
    [2] LI PK, HO KK, SZETO CC, et al. Prognostic indicators of IgA nephropathy in the Chinese-clinical and pathological perspectives[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2002, 17(1): 64. doi: 10.1093/ndt/17.1.64
    [3] MANNO C, STRIPPOLI GF, D'ALTRI C, et al. Anovel simpler histological classification for renal survival in IgA nephropathy: a retrospective study[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2007, 49(6): 763. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.03.013
    [4] HALLAN S, DE MUTSERT R, CARLSEN S, et al. Obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity as risk factors for CKD: are men more vulnerable?[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2006, 47(3): 396. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.11.027
    [5] YAMAMOTO R, NAGASAWA Y, SHOJI T, et al. Cigarette smoking and progression of IgA nephropathy[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2010, 56(2): 313. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.02.351
    [6] World Health Organization.Guidelines for controlling and monitoring the tobacco epidemic[S].Geneva: Tobacco or Health Programme, WHO, 1997.
    [7] ANDREOLI SP, BERGSTEIN JM. Treatment of severe IgA nephropathy in children[J]. Pediatr Ephrol, 1989, 3(3): 248. doi: 10.1007/BF00858524
    [8] HASTINGS MC, MOLDOVEANU Z, JULIAN BA, et al. Galactose-deficient IgA1 in African Americans with IgA nephropathy: serum levels and heritability[J]. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2010, 5: 2069. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03270410
    [9] ROBERTS ISD.Pathology of IgA nephropathy[R].Nat Rev Nephrol, 2014.
    [10] XU HL, SUO JL, LIAN J. Cigarette smoking and risk of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta analysis of observational studies[J]. Int Urol Nephrol, 2018, 50(5): 911. doi: 10.1007/s11255-018-1825-x
    [11] GASTALDELLI A, FOLLI F, MAFFEI S. Impact of tobacco smoking on lipid metabolism, body weight and cardiometabolic risk[J]. Curr Pharm Des, 2010, 16(23): 2526. doi: 10.2174/138161210792062858
    [12] KURUS M, UGRAS M, ESREFOGLU M. Effect of resveratrol on tubular damage and interstitial fibrosis in kidneys of rats exposed to cigarette smoke[J]. Toxic Health, 2009, 25(8): 539. doi: 10.1177/0748233709346755
    [13] 张函, 章晓燕, 卢泽军, 等. 吸烟对IgA肾病(IgAN)患者肾功能和肾小管间质及血管病变的影响[J]. 复旦学报, 2014, 41(3): 315. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2014.03.006
    [14] YOON JC, BEOM JL, YONHEE K, et al. Smoking-related renal histologic injury in IgA nephropathy patients[J]. Yonsei Med J, 2016, 57(1): 209. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.1.209
  • 加载中
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Tables(2)

Article views(3477) PDF downloads(21) Cited by()

Related
Proportional views

Effect of smoking on the clinical indicators and renal pathology of IgA nephropathy

  • Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Anhui 230032, China

Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of smoking on the clinical indicators and renal pathology of IgA nephropathy.MethodsThe smoking status of 149 patients with IgA nephropathy was retrospectively analyzed, and its relationship with clinical indicators and renal pathological injury were analyzed.ResultsAmong 149 IgA nephropathy patients, 30 cases were smokers(smoking group)and 119 cases were non-smokers(non-smoking group).The glomerular filtration rate in smoking group was significantly lower than that in non-smoking group(P < 0.01), and the age, male ratio, and levels of triglyceride, blood glucose and urine β2 microglobulin, α1 microglobulin and 24 h urinary protein in smoking group were higher than those in non-smoking group(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The scores of renal interstitial fibrosis and glomerular capillary wall thickening in smoking group were higher than those in non-smoking group(P < 0.05).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the smoking amount was negatively correlated with eGFR(r=-0.219, P < 0.05), and positively correlated with the scores of renal interstitial fibrosis and renal tubular atrophy(r=0.183, 0.187, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThere is a correlation between smoking and renal function injury in IgA nephropathy patients.The chronic tubular interstitial lesion is the main feature of renal pathology caused by smoking.

  • IgA肾病是世界上最常见的一种原发性肾小球肾炎。尽管大多数病人预后良好,仍有15%~25%的IgA肾病在诊断10年之内进展至终末期肾衰竭[1-3]。新近研究[4-5]发现,吸烟不仅是动脉粥样硬化疾病的高危因素,也是慢性肾脏病(CKD)进展中的独立危险因素,是影响CKD预后的主要因素之一,并存在剂量-效应关系[4-5]。本文主要研究吸烟对IgA肾病的临床及肾脏病理指标的影响,探讨吸烟在IgA肾病慢性进展的作用。

1.   资料与方法
  • 选择2017年1-12月入住我科且行肾脏活体组织病理检查(活检)诊断为IgA肾病病人149例。其中男59例,女90例;年龄16~64岁;原发病合并高血压28例,合并糖尿病3例;CKD 1期61例,2期41例,3期40例,4期7例。其中吸烟者30例,目前吸烟者22例,既往吸烟者8例。吸烟者累计吸烟量0.5~30.0包年。病人均签署知情同意书。

  • 收集病人的性别、年龄、肾活检时血压等一般资料和血常规、尿常规、血清IgA、肝肾功能、血脂、血糖、24 h尿蛋白定量、尿蛋白等十一项实验室指标。根据CKD-EPI公式计算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)。

  • 通过问卷方式调查病人的吸烟状态。根据世界卫生组织的吸烟标准[6],相关指标的具体定义如下:(1)吸烟者,一生中连续或累积吸烟6个月或以上者;(2)目前吸烟者,符合吸烟者条件,调查时正在吸烟;(3)戒烟者,每天吸烟连续至少6个月,但在调查时已不再吸烟者;(4)吸烟量,每天吸烟支数/20×吸烟年数,单位为包年。

  • 肾小球、肾小管间质及血管病变的各项病理指标参照Andreoli评分标准进行[7]。肾小球积分包括节段性硬化(0~3分)、系膜细胞增生(1~3分)、系膜基质增多(1~3分)、细胞性新月体累及肾小球比例(0~3分)、纤维性新月体累及肾小球比例(0~3分)、肾小管间质积分包括间质炎细胞浸润(0~3分)、间质纤维化(0~3分)、肾小管萎缩(0~3分),血管积分即血管壁增厚积分(0~1分)。其中肾小球局灶节段性性硬化、系膜基质增生、肾小管萎缩及间质纤维化、纤维性新月体为慢性化指标;系膜细胞增生、间质炎细胞浸润、细胞性新月体为活动性指标。采取单盲原则,由一位病理医师独立阅片评分。

  • 采用t检验、χ2检验、秩和检验和Pearson相关分析。

2.   结果
  • 2组病人收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、血IgA、血白蛋白、总胆固醇、尿转铁蛋白、尿N-乙酰-β-D葡萄糖苷酶、尿白蛋白排泄率、尿免疫球蛋白IgG差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),吸烟组eGFR明显低于非吸烟组(P < 0.01),年龄、男性比例、三酰甘油、血糖和尿β2微球蛋白、α1微球蛋白、24 h尿蛋白均高于非吸烟组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 1)。

    指标 非吸烟组(n=119) 吸烟组(n=30) t P
    年龄/岁 35.47±11.44 42.33±8.90 4.23 < 0.01
    性别(男) 30(25.21) 29(96.67) 51.15* < 0.01
    收缩压/mmHg 130.90±14.71 127.73±15.87 1.31 >0.05
    舒张压/mmHg 87.65±12.53 87.43±11.04 0.12 >0.05
    平均动脉压/mmHg 102.06±12.46 100.86±12.07 0.62 >0.05
    血IgA/(g/L) 2.61±1.05 2.42±0.74 1.33 >0.05
    24 h尿蛋白/(g/24 h) 2.01±2.41 2.92±3.32 1.98 < 0.05
    血白蛋白(g/L) 38.53±7.17 36.75±9.19 1.36 >0.05
    总胆固醇/(mmol/L) 5.11±1.64 5.64±2.43 1.62 >0.05
    三酰甘油/(mmol/L) 1.74±1.00 2.51±1.16 4.54 < 0.01
    eGFR/[mL/(min·1.73 m2)] 82.06±32.33 69.00±26.27 2.80 < 0.01
    血糖/(mmol/L) 4.88±0.63 5.26±1.35 2.32 < 0.05
    尿β2微球蛋白/(mg/L) 0.41±0.47 0.71±0.72 3.17 < 0.01
    尿α1微球蛋白/(mg/L) 15.05±16.19 25.86±27.98 2.99 < 0.01
    尿转铁蛋白/(mg/L) 38.67±26.95 32.51±21.07 1.61 >0.05
    尿N-乙酰-β-D葡萄糖苷酶/(U/L) 21.98±20.09 25.86±21.19 1.19 >0.05
    尿白蛋白排泄率/(mg/L) 963.66±807.30 1 102.37±886.80 1.03 >0.05
    尿免疫球蛋白IgG/(mg/L) 123.99±137.30 154.11±209.30 1.08 >0.05
    *示χ2
  • 2组病人肾小球局灶性硬化、系膜细胞增生、系膜基质增生、细胞新月体形成、纤维新月体形成、间质炎症细胞浸润和肾小管萎缩积分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),吸烟组病人的肾间质纤维化积分和肾小球毛细血管壁增厚积分均高于非吸烟组(P < 0.05)(见表 2)。

    指标 非吸烟组(n=119) 吸烟组(n=30) Z P
    肾小球局灶性硬化/分
      0 47 10 0.18 >0.05
      1 37 12
      9 19 5
      3 16 3
    系膜细胞增生/分
      1 89 18 0.42 >0.05
      2 37 4
      3 23 8
    系膜基质增生/分
      1 73 17 0.69 >0.05
      2 48 8
      3 28 5
    细胞新月体形成/分
      0 86 14 1.28 >0.05
      1 37 8
      2 21 6
      3 5 2
    纤维新月体形成/分
      0 89 16 0.86 >0.05
      1 42 8
      2 15 5
      3 3 1
    间质炎症细胞浸润/分
      0 9 5 0.63 >0.05
      1 72 15
      2 28 9
      3 10 1
    间质纤维化/分
      0 7 3 2.40 < 0.05
      1 75 10
      2 26 14
      3 11 4
    肾小管萎缩/分
      0 4 2 1.15 >0.05
      1 74 14
      3 10 4
      2 31 11
    肾小球毛细血管壁增厚/分
      0 35 1 6.31 < 0.05
      1 114 29
  • 计算30例吸烟的IgA肾病病人的累计吸烟量,将119例非吸烟IgA肾病病人的累计吸烟量计为0。Pearson相关分析结果显示,病人吸烟量与eGFR呈负相关关系(r=-0.219,P < 0.05),与肾间质纤维化积分和肾小管萎缩积分均呈正相关关系(r=0.183、0.187,P < 0.05)。

3.   讨论
  • IgA肾病是指肾小球系膜区以IgA或IgA沉积为主的原发性肾小球肾炎。目前认为其发病机制主要与黏膜免疫,血清中IgA1异常增高导致免疫炎症反应等相关[8]。IgA肾病的病理变化多样,目前研究[9]发现,节段性肾小球硬化和小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度具有判断肾脏预后的价值,可以独立用于临床指标预测IgA肾病的预后。

    有研究[5]报道,吸烟与IgA肾病病人肾功能下降相关。本研究调查了149例IgA肾病病人的吸烟状态,结果显示IgA肾病病人吸烟率20.13%,目前吸烟率14.76%;吸烟者的eGFR明显低于非吸烟者,进一步相关性研究的结果提示,吸烟量与eGFR呈负相关关系,吸烟量越大,IgA肾病病人的肾功能下降越明显。

    目前,吸烟引起IgA肾病病人肾功能下降的原因说法不一。XU等[10]通过19项观察性研究的Meta分析发现,吸烟可能是2型糖尿病肾病病人出现白蛋白尿的潜在的危险因素。本研究结果显示,吸烟组的尿白蛋白排泄率高于非吸烟组,但2组差异无统计学意义。进一步研究发现,吸烟组的尿β2微球蛋白、尿α1微球蛋白、24 h尿蛋白均高于非吸烟组。此外,有研究[11]证实吸烟可造成脂质代谢紊乱,目前认为高脂血症可增加肾脏氧化应激,导致肾小管损伤,引起肾功能下降。本研究发现吸烟组IgA肾病病人血三酰甘油水平高于非吸烟组。

    目前关于吸烟与IgA肾病病人肾脏病理损伤的关系仅限于动物实验和回顾性研究,均报道肾脏病理损伤以肾小管间质病变为主。动物实验[12]发现,在烟草烟雾中喂养Wista大鼠,6周后大鼠出现肾小管间质慢性损伤性改变。张函等[13]在吸烟与IgA肾病病人肾脏病理损伤研究中发现,吸烟增加男性病人的肾间质纤维化病变。本研究中,吸烟的IgA肾病病人的肾小管间质积分明显高于非吸烟者,且以慢性化改变为主。

    此外,有研究认为吸烟与肾脏小血管壁增厚增厚有关。YOON等[14]认为吸烟主要是促进了肾小球硬化,尤其是小动脉玻璃样沉积症是肾脏病情进展的主要因素。在本研究中发现,与非吸烟组相比,吸烟组IgA肾病病人的肾小球硬化积分较高,但差异无统计学意义。

    本研究的主要不足之处是单中心的横断面研究,缺乏长时间随访;其次,未对肾脏病理进行Katafuchi评分,不能对病理损伤结果进行更全面地量化评估。因此,需要进一步的多中心前瞻性队列研究和多方面的病理评分系统来评价吸烟对IgA肾病病人的临床和病理损伤的影响。

    综上,本研究进一步证实了吸烟可以引起IgA肾病病人肾功能的下降,并通过损伤肾小管间质病变促进IgA肾病的发展。戒烟不仅可以消除经济负担,也可有效延缓慢性肾脏病的进展,因此临床应鼓励IgA肾病病人戒烟。

Reference (14)

Catalog

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return