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Volume 46 Issue 1
Feb.  2021
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Impact of carvedilol on the metabolism, inflammatory response and cardiac function of patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy

  • Corresponding author: ZHOU Xiao-feng, 2169228413@163.com
  • Received Date: 2018-05-30
    Accepted Date: 2019-07-20
  • ObjectiveTo discuss the impacts of carvedilol on metabolism, inflammatory response and cardiac function of patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM).MethodsOne hundred and eighty DCM patients were divided into the control group(n=88)and observation group(n=92)according to random number method in our hospital.The control group were treated with conventional method, and the observation group were additionally treated with carvedilol(3.125~6.25 mg/d)based on conventional method.After 12 weeks of treatment, the biochemical indexes[including total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG)and fasting blood-glucose(FBG)], inflammation markers[including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)], heart function parameters[including left ventricular end diastolic diamete(LVEDd), left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVEDs), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptid(NT-pro-BNP)and 6mmin walking distance] and adverse reaction were compared between two groups.ResultsAfter treatment, the levels of hs-CRP and TNF-αin two groups significantly decreased(P < 0.01), and the levels of hs-CRP and TNF-α in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0.01).After treatment, the levels of LVEDd, LVEDs and NT-pro BNP significantly decreased(P < 0.01), and the LVEF level and 6min walking distance significantly increased in two groups(P < 0.01).After treatment, the levels of LVEDd, LVEDs and NT-pro BNP in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0.01), and the LVEF level and 6min walking distance in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(P < 0.01).No severe adverse reaction occurred in two groups.The dry cough in 2 cases and headache in 3 cases in control group, and dizziness and headache in 5 cases and dizziness and nausea in 1 case in observation group were found, and the difference of the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).ConclusionsThe carvedilol can obviously improve the inflammatory state and cardiac function of DCM patients, and there is not significant effect on blood lipid and blood glucose.
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  • [1] 赵航, 冯景辉, 吴秀萍. 糖尿病心肌病发病机制的研究进展[J]. 国际心血管病杂志, 2016, 43(1): 16. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6583.2016.01.005
    [2] 王婵媛, 汪晓霞. 糖尿病心肌病与氧化应激[J]. 医学综述, 2015, 21(17): 3177. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2084.2015.17.039
    [3] 杨坤, 潘波, 代静澜, 等. NT-proBNP指导中重度心力衰竭病人β1受体阻滞剂使用的临床研究[J]. 重庆医学, 2015, 11(24): 3355. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.24.015
    [4] 吴婷婷, 魏庆庆, 严宇鹏, 等. 缬沙坦通过下调X-盒结合蛋白1表达抑制糖尿病心肌病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡[J]. 中国循环杂志, 2014, 29(10): 836. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3614.2014.10.0019
    [5] 丁华永. 卡维地洛治疗高血压合并糖尿病病人心律失常临床疗效与安全性观察[J]. 中国实用医药, 2014, 11(22): 120.
    [6] 冯新星, 陈燕燕. 糖尿病心肌病的研究进展[J]. 中国循环杂志, 2015, 30(1): 87. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3614.2015.01.024
    [7] 倪青, 汪升薏, 黄静. 益气活血中药对糖尿病心肌病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响[J]. 北京中医药, 2016, 36(6): 560.
    [8] 王玲, 潘小凤, 储全根. 糖尿病心肌病发病机制的研究进展[J]. 山西中医学院学报, 2016, 17(4): 74.
    [9] 郑文成. 卡维地洛对糖尿病心肌病的心肌保护作用及其机制研究[D]. 石家庄: 河北医科大学, 2017.
    [10] 张尧, 唐其柱, 张宁, 等. 美托洛尔和卡维地洛治疗扩张型心肌病心力衰竭的Meta分析[J]. 中国医药导报, 2015, 12(21): 126.
    [11] 戴文军, 黄炯华, 何晓青, 等. 卡维地洛用于扩张型心肌病心力衰竭临床治疗的效果观察[J]. 中国现代药物应用, 2017, 11(21): 1.
    [12] 冯连滔, 张炎芬. NT-pro BNP在肺心病失代偿期病人不同时期水平变化及临床意义研究[J]. 临床肺科杂志, 2016, 21(8): 1528. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6663.2016.08.050
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Impact of carvedilol on the metabolism, inflammatory response and cardiac function of patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy

    Corresponding author: ZHOU Xiao-feng, 2169228413@163.com
  • 1. Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan Hunan 411101, China
  • 2. Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan Hunan 411101, China

Abstract: ObjectiveTo discuss the impacts of carvedilol on metabolism, inflammatory response and cardiac function of patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM).MethodsOne hundred and eighty DCM patients were divided into the control group(n=88)and observation group(n=92)according to random number method in our hospital.The control group were treated with conventional method, and the observation group were additionally treated with carvedilol(3.125~6.25 mg/d)based on conventional method.After 12 weeks of treatment, the biochemical indexes[including total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG)and fasting blood-glucose(FBG)], inflammation markers[including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)], heart function parameters[including left ventricular end diastolic diamete(LVEDd), left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVEDs), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptid(NT-pro-BNP)and 6mmin walking distance] and adverse reaction were compared between two groups.ResultsAfter treatment, the levels of hs-CRP and TNF-αin two groups significantly decreased(P < 0.01), and the levels of hs-CRP and TNF-α in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0.01).After treatment, the levels of LVEDd, LVEDs and NT-pro BNP significantly decreased(P < 0.01), and the LVEF level and 6min walking distance significantly increased in two groups(P < 0.01).After treatment, the levels of LVEDd, LVEDs and NT-pro BNP in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0.01), and the LVEF level and 6min walking distance in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(P < 0.01).No severe adverse reaction occurred in two groups.The dry cough in 2 cases and headache in 3 cases in control group, and dizziness and headache in 5 cases and dizziness and nausea in 1 case in observation group were found, and the difference of the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).ConclusionsThe carvedilol can obviously improve the inflammatory state and cardiac function of DCM patients, and there is not significant effect on blood lipid and blood glucose.

  • 糖尿病心肌病(diabetic cardiomyopathy, DCM)是Rubler等在1972年首先提出,定义为有明确的糖尿病病史,同时有明确的心肌结构及功能的改变,排除高血压、缺血性疾病及其他可能引起心肌病变的疾病。DCM的早期表现主要为舒张功能降低,晚期可表现为收缩功降低[1]。目前,关于DCM的发病机制还没有完全阐明,而高血糖导致的代谢紊乱、炎症、氧化应激、钙离子超载及细胞凋亡诱发DCM是较为公认的学说[2]

    临床上治疗DCM的方法主要包括:生活方式干预、控制血糖、使用他汀类药物及肾素-血管紧张素—醛固酮系统阻滞剂、细胞和基因治疗等。有研究[3]表明,β-受体阻滞剂能够降低心力衰竭病人的死亡率,卡维地洛是一种新型的非选择性β-受体阻滞剂,能同时阻滞β1、β2、ɑ1受体,具有极强的抗氧化、清除氧自由基、减轻心室重构、抑制心肌纤维化、抑制细胞凋亡的作用[4]。关于卡维地洛对DCM心功能保护作用的研究报道少见,本研究将探讨卡维地洛对DCM病人代谢、炎症反应及心功能的影响,以期为临床提供参考。

1.   资料与方法
  • 选择2016年1月至2017年10月我院收治的180例DCM病人为研究对象,其中男98例,女82例,年龄30~65岁,糖尿病平均病程(10.21±2.64)年。纳入标准:(1)所有病人均符合糖尿病诊断标准;(2)有心力衰竭的临床表现;(3)心肌细胞肥大、间质纤维化和PAS阳性的物质浸润,冠状小动脉基底膜增厚,心肌内可见微血管病变。排除标准:(1)由于高血压、冠心病、风湿性心脏瓣膜病或其他心脏病导致的心肌病;(2)瓣膜性及扩张型心肌病、风湿、肿瘤、感染、陈旧性心肌梗死、自身免疫性疾病、NYHA分级Ⅳ级者。(3)严重肝肾功能不全者。

    按照随机数字法将180例DCM病人分为对照组与观察组,2组病人在性别、年龄、高血压、高血脂及NYHA分级方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但糖尿病病程差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)(见表 1)。

    分组 n 年龄/岁 糖尿病病程/年 高血压 高血脂 NYHA分级/级
    观察组 92 48 44 48. 09±6.87 10.96±2.83 12 36 28 50 14
    对照组 88 50 38 47.15±6.23 9.54±2.17 10 33 30 47 11
    χ2 0.39 0.95 3.79 0.12 0.01 0.43
    P >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01 >0.05 >0.05 0.05
    △示t
  • 对照组病人采用常规治疗,包括:生活方式干预、控制血糖、口服ACEI或ARB类药物、口服他汀类药物、口服阿司匹林及螺内酯等。观察组病人在常规治疗的基础上加用卡维地洛片(辰欣药业股份有限公司,国药准字H20113020,每片6.25 mg),开始2周剂量每次3.125 mg,2次/天,若耐受好,可间隔至少2周后将剂量增加至每次6.25 mg,2次,持续治疗12周。

  • 所有病人空腹抽取静脉血,分离血清,应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、空腹血糖(FBG)、炎症指标[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro-BNP)];采用超声仪测定所有病人的左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左室收缩末期前后径(LVEDs)、左室射血分数(LVEF);观察所有病人的6min步行距离及不良反应发生情况。比较治疗前及治疗12周后2组的上述指标。

  • 采用t(或t′)检验和χ2检验。

2.   结果2.1 2组生化指标比较
  • 治疗前和治疗后,2组TC、TG、FBG水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组病人治疗前后TC、TG、FBG水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 2)。

    分组 n TC/(mmol/L) TG/(mmol/L)F BG/(mmol/L)
    治疗前
      对照组 88 6.77±0.51 2.92±0.32 7.45±0.64
      观察组 92 6.88±0.51 2.96±0.27 7.45±0.56
      t 1.45 0.91 0.00
      P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
    治疗后
      对照组 88 6.82±0.30 2.94±0.31 7.48±0.53
      观察组 92 6.90±0.53 2.98±0.26 7.34±0.48
      t 1.25 0.94 1.86
      P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
    △示t′值
  • 治疗前,2组hs-CRP和TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组病人的hs-CRP、TNF-α水平均明显下降(P < 0.01),且观察组的hs-CRP、TNF-α水平明显低于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 3)。

    分组 n Hs-CRP/(mg/L) TNF-α/(pg/m L)
    治疗前
      对照组 88 8.26±2.24 149.40±10.78
      观察组 92 8.38±3.73 148.12±10.34
      t 0.26 0.81
      P >0.05 >0.05
    治疗后
      对照组 88 5.40±1.15** 120.67±12.15**
      观察组 92 3.62±1.91** 76.87±12.02**
      t 7.61 24.31
      P < 0.01 < 0.01
    △示t′值;组内配对t检验**P < 0.01
  • 治疗前,2组病人间LVEDd、LVEDs、LVEF、NT-pro BNP及6min步行距离差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组LVEDd、LVEDs及NT-pro BNP水平均明显下降(P < 0.01),LVEF与6min步行距离均明显提高(P < 0.01);且观察组的LVEDd、LVEDs及NT-pro BNP水平明显低于对照组(P < 0.01),LVEF与6min步行距离明显高于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 4)。

    分组 n LVEDd/mm LVEDs/mm LVEF/% NT-pro BNP/(ng/L) 6 min步行距离/m
    治疗前
      对照组 88 61.63±4.99 34.91±5.30 35.51±1.93 2 775.47±161.62 296.69±21.70
      观察组 92 61.08±4.18 35.45±4.23 35.07±2.21 2 764.15±166.11 292.95±34.13
      t 0.80 0.75 1.42 0.46 0.88
      P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
    治疗后
      对照组 88 54.53±4.30** 30.42±3.04** 38.54±2.92** 2 109.76±352.84** 456.31±30.08**
      观察组 92 48.84±2.88** 18.46±2.75** 44.48±3.30** 1 088.32±366.87** 577.42±80.14**
      t 10.38 27.70 12.77 19.02 13.53
      P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    △示t′值;组内配对t检验**P < 0.01
  • 2组均没有发生严重不良反应导致病例退出研究。对照组发生干咳2例、头痛头晕3例,观察组发生头痛头晕5例、恶心1例,2组不良反应发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.07,P>0.05)。

3.   讨论
  • 高血糖在DCM形成过程中起着关键作用,慢性高血糖能够导致心肌细胞的损伤,也能够导致成纤维细胞及内皮细胞发生损伤[5]。慢性高血糖可以通过电子链激活ROS、PARP、醛糖还原酶以及糖基化终末产物,导致其产生增多,从而诱发心肌细胞的凋亡[6]。高血糖还可以通翻译后途径引起细胞外基质的结构改变,以及Ryanodine受体和肌质网钙泵ATP的表达和功能的改变,从而对心肌结构及功能产生影响[7]。炎症反应在高血糖是引发糖尿病心血管并发症过程中起到了重要的调控作用。胰岛素能够介导脂肪酸进入到心肌细胞产生心肌毒性[8]

    卡维地洛是一种新型的β及α受体阻滞剂,在临床上得到广泛应用。卡维地洛可以通过作用于β受体而阻断被激活的神经激素,减少释放儿茶酚胺,扩张外周血管,减轻外周阻力及后负荷;卡维地洛具有强大的抗氧化作用,能够抑制氧自由基等毒性产物对心肌的损害作用;卡维地洛能够减慢心率、降低心肌耗氧,改善心脏舒张功能,增加冠脉血流灌注[9-11]

    本研究探讨了卡维地洛对DCM病人代谢、炎症反应及心功能的影响,结果显示:治疗后,2组的TC、TG、FBG水平无显著变化,可以说明卡维地洛DCM病人血脂代谢及血糖无明显影响,也可以发现卡维地洛没有降低胰岛素的敏感性;2组hs-CRP、TNF-α水平明显降低,采用卡维地洛治疗的病人下降得更为显著,提示卡维地洛能够明显抑制DCM病人的心肌炎症反应;2组TNF-α、LVEDd、LVEDs及NT-pro BNP水平均明显下降,LVEF与6min步行距离均显著提高,采用卡维地洛治疗的病人改变更为显著,当心功能不全时,由于心肌容量负荷或压力负荷增加,心室壁张力增大,会使血液中NT-pro BNP浓度会升高[12],说明卡维地洛能够明显改善DCM病人的心功能。

    综上所述,卡维地洛对DCM病人的血脂及血糖无明显影响,但是能够显著改善对DCM病人的炎症状态,能够抑制心室重构、降低心室壁张力,从而改善DCM病人心功能,提高活动耐量。

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