• 中国科技论文统计源期刊
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Volume 46 Issue 1
Feb.  2021
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Role of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated apolipoprotein in the assessment and diagnosis of coronary heart disease

  • Corresponding author: LIU Yuan-bo, liuyuanbo5538@tom.com
  • Received Date: 2019-10-27
    Accepted Date: 2020-06-09
  • ObjectiveTo study the value of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated apolipoprotein(NGAL)in assessing the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, and its diagnostic value in coronary heart disease.MethodsOne hundred and thirty-five patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)diagnosed by coronary angiography and 30 patients without coronary heart disease diagnosed by coronary angiography were divided into the coronary heart disease group(CHD group), and control group(CON group).The CHD patients were subdivided into the stable angina pectoris group(SAP group), unstable angina pectoris group(UA group)and acute myocardial infarction group(AMI group).The clinical data, general biochemical indicators and serum high sensitive C-reactive protein hs-CRP level were compared among all groups.The correlations among NGAL, hs-CRP and Gensini score in all cases were analyzed.The value of serum NGAL in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease was analyzed by receiver operating(ROC)characteristic curve.ResultsThe serum levels of hs-CRP in SAP group, UA group and AMI group were higher than that in CON group(P < 0.05), and the differences of hs-CRP level among SAP group, UA group and AMI group were statistically significant(P < 0.05).The serum levels of NGAL and hs-CRP increased gradually with the increasing of Gensini score(P < 0.01).The differences of serum levels of NGAL and hs-CRP were statistically significant among the Gensini score < 30 group, 30-60 group and >60 group(P < 0.05~P < 0.01).The serum level of NGAL was positively correlated with Gensini score and hs-CRP level(r=0.733, 0.908, P < 0.05), and the serum level of hs-CRP was positively correlated with Gensini score(r=0.708, P < 0.05).The concentration of NGAL in CHD group was higher than that in CON group(P < 0.05).When the cut-off value was 59.02 ng/mL, the area under ROC curve of serum NGAL in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease was 0.875, the 95%CI was 0.820-0.929, the sensitivity was 74.8%, and the specificity was 96.0%.ConclusionsThe serum NGAL is correlated with the hs-CRP level and severity of coronary atherosclerosis, and can be used as an auxiliary index in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease.
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  • [1] AKBOGA MK, CANPOLAT U, SAHINARSLAN A, et al. Association of serum total bilirubin level with severity of coronary atherosclerosis is linked to systemic inflammation[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2015, 240(1): 110. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.051
    [2] SHAH P, BAJAJ S, VIRK H, et al. Rapid progression of coronary atherosclerosis: a review[J]. Thrombosis, 2015, 2015(2): 1.
    [3] MACDONALD SPJ, BOSIO E, NEIL C, et al. Resistin and NGAL are associated with inflammatory response, endothelial activation and clinical outcomes in sepsis[J]. Inflamm Res, 2017, 66(7): 611. doi: 10.1007/s00011-017-1043-5
    [4] RAJAPPA M, GOSWAMI B, BALASUBRAMANIAN A, et al. Interplay between inflammation and hemostasis in patients with coronary artery disease[J]. Indian J Clin Biochem, 2015, 30(3): 281. doi: 10.1007/s12291-014-0438-0
    [5] ZHUANG Q, SHEN C, CHEN Y, et al. Association of high sensitive C-reactive protein with coronary heart disease: a mendelian randomization study[J]. BMC Med Genet, 2019, 20(1): 170. doi: 10.1186/s12881-019-0910-z
    [6] TAYEFI M, TAJFARD M, SAFFAR S, et al. Hs-CRP is strongly associated with coronary heart disease(CHD): a data mining approach using decision tree algorithm[J]. Comput Meth Prog Bio, 2017, 141(3): 105.
    [7] SOYLU K, NAR G, AKSAN G, et al. Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels and aortic stiffness in noncritical coronary artery disease[J]. Cardiorenal Med, 2014, 4(3/4): 147.
    [8] SAVIC-RADOJEVIC A, PLJESA-ERCEGOVAC M, MATIC M, et al. Novel biomarkers of heart failure[J]. Adv Clin Chem, 2016, 79(5): 93.
    [9] LI C, ZHANG Z, PENG Y, et al. Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels are associated with the presence and severity of coronary heart disease[J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(8): e0220841. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220841
    [10] MA CY, XU ZY, WANG SP, et al. Change of inflammatory factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome[J]. Chinese Med J, 2018, 131(12): 1444. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.233953
    [11] KARADENIZ M, DURAN M, AKYEL A, et al. High sensitive CRP level is associated with intermediate and high syntax score in patients with acute coronary syndrome[J]. Int Heart J, 2015, 56(4): 377. doi: 10.1536/ihj.14-299
    [12] YAGHOUBI A, GHOJAZADEH M, ABOLHASANI S, et al. Correlation of serum levels of vitronectin, malondialdehyde and hs-CRP with disease severity in coronary artery disease[J]. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res, 2015, 7(3): 113. doi: 10.15171/jcvtr.2015.24
    [13] AKCAY AB, OZLU MF, SENEN N, et al. Prognostic significance of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction[J]. J Investig Med, 2012, 60(2): 508. doi: 10.2310/JIM.0b013e31823e9d86
    [14] KATAGIRI M, TAKAHASHI M, DOIK, et al. Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentration reflects severity of coronary artery disease in patients without heart failure and chronic kidney disease[J]. Heart Vessels, 2015, 31(10): 1.
    [15] YNDESTAD A, LANDRO L, UELAND T, et al. Increased systemic and myocardial expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin inclinical and experimental heart failure[J]. Eur Heart J, 2009, 30(10): 1229. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp088
    [16] BIELECKA-DABROWA A, GLUBA-BRZOZKA A, MICHALSKA-KASICZAK M, et al. The multi-biomarker approach for heart failure in patients with hypertension[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2015, 16(5): 10715.
    [17] 马续祥, 陈卫东, 纵晓英, 等. 血清NGAL在早期2型糖尿病肾脏疾病诊断中的作用[J]. 蚌埠医学院学报, 2018, 43(5): 595.
    [18] HEMDAHL AL, GABRIELSEN A, ZHU C, et al. Expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2006, 26(1): 136. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000193567.88685.f4
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Role of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated apolipoprotein in the assessment and diagnosis of coronary heart disease

    Corresponding author: LIU Yuan-bo, liuyuanbo5538@tom.com
  • 1. Department of The First Internal Medicine, Huizhou Sixth People's Hospital, Huizhou Guangdong 516200, China
  • 2. Department of The Fifth Internal Medicine, Huizhou Sixth People's Hospital, Huizhou Guangdong 516200, China

Abstract: ObjectiveTo study the value of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated apolipoprotein(NGAL)in assessing the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, and its diagnostic value in coronary heart disease.MethodsOne hundred and thirty-five patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)diagnosed by coronary angiography and 30 patients without coronary heart disease diagnosed by coronary angiography were divided into the coronary heart disease group(CHD group), and control group(CON group).The CHD patients were subdivided into the stable angina pectoris group(SAP group), unstable angina pectoris group(UA group)and acute myocardial infarction group(AMI group).The clinical data, general biochemical indicators and serum high sensitive C-reactive protein hs-CRP level were compared among all groups.The correlations among NGAL, hs-CRP and Gensini score in all cases were analyzed.The value of serum NGAL in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease was analyzed by receiver operating(ROC)characteristic curve.ResultsThe serum levels of hs-CRP in SAP group, UA group and AMI group were higher than that in CON group(P < 0.05), and the differences of hs-CRP level among SAP group, UA group and AMI group were statistically significant(P < 0.05).The serum levels of NGAL and hs-CRP increased gradually with the increasing of Gensini score(P < 0.01).The differences of serum levels of NGAL and hs-CRP were statistically significant among the Gensini score < 30 group, 30-60 group and >60 group(P < 0.05~P < 0.01).The serum level of NGAL was positively correlated with Gensini score and hs-CRP level(r=0.733, 0.908, P < 0.05), and the serum level of hs-CRP was positively correlated with Gensini score(r=0.708, P < 0.05).The concentration of NGAL in CHD group was higher than that in CON group(P < 0.05).When the cut-off value was 59.02 ng/mL, the area under ROC curve of serum NGAL in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease was 0.875, the 95%CI was 0.820-0.929, the sensitivity was 74.8%, and the specificity was 96.0%.ConclusionsThe serum NGAL is correlated with the hs-CRP level and severity of coronary atherosclerosis, and can be used as an auxiliary index in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease.

  • 炎症因子参与介导了冠心病(CHD)动脉粥样硬化的病理损伤过程[1-2],而中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(NGAL)及超敏-C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)在炎症方面起重要的调节作用[3-4]。hs-CRP是目前被认为与动脉粥样硬化关系最密切的非特异性炎症标志物,在众多炎症因子中具有代表意义[5-6]。NGAL正常表达于人体中性粒细胞、肝实质细胞、肾小管上皮细胞及血管内皮细胞等。在心血管系统,NGAL可调节炎症反应,影响基质金属蛋白酶活性,调节细胞能量代谢,影响CHD及其他心血管疾病的发生、发展[7]。多项研究[8-9]表明,NGAL是心血管疾病的危险因子,对CHD的发生及预后有一定的诊断价值。本研究拟通过测定CHD病人的血清NGAL水平,探讨其与血清hs-CRP及冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度间的关系,分析NGAL在CHD诊断中的作用。

1.   资料与方法
  • 收集2017-2018年于我院心内科就诊,接受冠脉造影并诊断为CHD的病人135例作为CHD组,其中男76例,女59例,年龄38~80岁。CHD组病人分为稳定性心绞痛组(SAP组)40例、不稳定性心绞痛组(UA组)50例和急性心肌梗死组(AMI组)45例,依据造影结果对所有病人冠状动脉狭窄程度进行Gensini评分。以心前区不适入院,经冠脉造影证实为冠状动脉无明显狭窄、排除CHD者30例作为对照组(CON组)。收集病人性别、年龄、吸烟史、高血压病史、糖尿病史,检测病人血清NGAL水平、hs-CRP水平、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、肌酐(SCr),计算病人体质量指数(BMI)。纳入标准:经冠脉造影检查诊断为冠心病。排除标准:(1)重度心功能不全、严重心脏瓣膜病、心肌病等器质性心脏疾病;(2)急慢性感染性疾病、结缔组织或自身免疫性疾病;(3)肝肾疾病、恶性肿瘤、放化疗和器官移植病史者。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准实施,病人签署知情同意书。

  • 所有病人均在入院后采静脉血5 mL,3 000 r/min、4 ℃离心15 min,收集上层血清置于-80 ℃冰箱保存。采用酶联免疫吸附试剂盒(丹麦BioPorto公司)测定血清NGAL水平,采用乳胶免疫比浊法,按照hs-CRP试剂盒(上海基蛋生物科技有限公司)操作说明测定病人血清中hs-CRP含量。

  • 根据Gensini积分标准[10]对冠状动脉狭窄程度评分:1分,狭窄0%~25%;2分,狭窄26%~50%;4分,狭窄51%~75%;8分,狭窄76%~90%;16分,狭窄91%~99%;32分,完全闭塞。不同节段冠状动脉乘以相应系数:右冠状动脉近、中、远段和后降支均乘以1;左回旋支近段乘以2.5,中段乘以1.5,远段和后降支均乘以1,后侧支乘以0.5;左主干病变乘以5;左前降支近段乘以2.5,中段乘以1.5,远段乘以1;第一对角支乘以1;第二对角支乘以0.5。各节段冠脉评分之和为Gensini总评分。

    行常规冠状动脉造影。CHD诊断标准: 按照2012年美国心脏协会/美国心脏病学会(AHA/ACC)关于CHD的诊断标准筛选病例,并且冠脉造影证实至少有1支冠状动脉的狭窄≥50%定义为阳性。

  • 采用t检验、方差分析、q检验、χ2检验、Pearson相关分析和ROC曲线分析。

2.   结果
  • 各组年龄、性别、BMI、高血压病史、糖尿病史、吸烟史、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、SCr差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SAP组、UA组和AMI组血清hs-CRP水平高于CON组(P < 0.05),且SAP组、UA组和AMI组间hs-CRP差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)(见表 1)。

    指标 SAP(n=40) UA(n=50) AMI(n=45) CON(n=30) F P MS组内
    年龄/岁 61.98±9.52 62.11±8.95 63.96±10.03 59.63±9.90 1.24 >0.05 91.480
    性别(男/女) 26/14 28/22 22/23 17/13 6.48# >0.05
    BMI/(kg/m2) 25.80±3.47 25.62±3.86 25.95±3.51 25.11±3.70 50.34 >0.05 13.284
    吸烟史 21(52.50) 22(44.00) 26(57.80) 13(43.30) 7.32# >0.05
    糖尿病病史 7(17.50) 10(20.00) 12(26.70) 5(16.70) 9.82# >0.05
    高血压病史 25(62.50) 29(58.00) 27(60.00) 16(53.30) 6.89# >0.05
    TC/(mmol/L) 3.98±0.83 3.86±1.02 4.05±1.02 3.91±0.89 0.34 >0.05 0.911
    TG/(mmol/L) 1.66±0.67 1.68±0.89 1.70±0.87 1.42±0.56 0.93 >0.05 0.613
    HDL-C/(mmol/L) 1.20±0.33 1.23±0.35 1.21±0.35 1.37±0.37 1.68 >0.05 0.122
    LDL-C/(mmol/L) 2.49±0.53 2.51±0.62 2.54±0.60 2.21±0.46 2.41 >0.05 13.640
    SCr/(mol/L) 67.26±10.87 68.55±10.21 68.63±9.84 64.08±9.82 1.49 >0.05 104.180
    hs-CRP /(mg/L) 3.24±1.67Δ 5.06±2.11Δ* 8.39±3.45Δ*& 1.89±1.07 56.53 < 0.01 5.490
    #示χ2值;q检验:与CON组比较ΔP < 0.05;与SAP组比较*P < 0.05;与UA组比较&P < 0.05
  • Gensini评分30分组、30~60分组和>60分组血清NGAL和hs-CRP水平差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 2)。

    分组 n NGAL/(ng/mL) hs-CRP/(mg/L)
    Gensini评分/分
       < 30 41 55.49±18.47 3.03±1.51
      30~60 56 83.52±26.61** 5.35±1.93**
      >60 38 100.64±36.22**# 8.95±2.99**##
      F 27.09 73.73
      P < 0.01 < 0.01
      MS组内 76.661 4.749
    q检验:与30分组比较**P < 0.01;与30~60分组比较#P < 0.05,##P < 0.01
  • 血清NGAL和Gensini评分、hs-CRP水平均呈正相关关系(r=0.733、0.908,P < 0.05),血清hs-CRP与Gensini评分呈正相关关系(r=0.708,P < 0.05)。

  • CHD组血清NGAL的浓度(79.82±32.63)ng/mL,高于CON组(38.38±12.95)ng/mL(t=6.82,P < 0.05)。当截断值为59.02 ng/mL,血清NGAL诊断CHD的ROC曲线下面积为0.875, 95%CI 0.820~0.929, 灵敏度为74.8%,特异度为96.0%。

3.   讨论
  • 近年来越来越多的血液炎症标志物如hs-CRP、白细胞介素、髓过氧化物酶、内皮细胞间黏附分子1、血管细胞黏附分子等在CHD发生发展中的作用得到重视。其中,hs-CRP是由肝脏合成的一种全身性炎症反应因子,可促进内皮细胞损伤,导致机体凝血和纤溶失衡,被认为是与动脉粥样硬化关系最密切的非特异性炎症标志物[6]。KARADENIZ等[11]证实血清hs-CRP浓度在急性冠状动脉综合征病人体内明显升高,YAGHOUBI等[12]也发现血清hs-CRP水平与CHD严重程度相关。本研究显示,CHD组病人血清hs-CRP水平高于对照组,CHD各组(SAP、UA和AMI组)间hs-CRP水平差异均有统计学意义,提示血清hs-CRP的含量与CHD疾病的发生发展密切有关。Pearson相关分析,结果显示,病人血清hs-CRP水平与评估冠状动脉病变范围及狭窄严重程度的Gensini评分呈正相关关系;随着Gensini积分增加,hs-CRP水平逐渐增高,且各积分组之间hs-CRP浓度的差异均有统计学意义,此结果与文献[5, 11-12]报道一致,表明血清hs-CRP水平可在一定程度上反映冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度。

    NGAL是目前备受关注的炎症标志物,其在炎症、免疫、细胞分化等过程中扮演着重要角色。当机体组织存在炎症时,血浆NGAL水平会升高数倍,提示其在炎症反应中发挥重要作用。NGAL在动脉粥样硬化的血管病变中起着关键性作用[7-8, 13]。NGAL在CHD[14]、心力衰竭[15]及高血压心脏病[16]﹑糖尿病肾病[17]病人中水平升高,也有研究[18]显示在动脉粥样硬化斑块及坏死心肌细胞中NGAL表达增加,这些结果为NGAL作为心血管疾病标志物提供了证据。本研究结果发现,CHD组血清NGAL浓度高于对照组,表明血清NGAL参与了CHD的致病过程。此外,随着Gensini积分增加,病人血清NGAL浓度也相应增加。Pearson相关分析亦表明,血清NGAL水平与Gensini积分呈正相关关系,对CHD病人动脉粥样硬化严重程度具有提示作用。

    血清NGAL与hs-CRP作为血液炎症因子,均参与了CHD的致病过程[5, 7]。本研究通过测定各Gensini积分组病人血清NGAL和hs-CRP水平,结果发现血清NGAL浓度变化与同期测定的血清hs-CRP浓度变化一致。相关分析结果显示,血清NGAL和hs-CRP水平呈正相关关系。为进一步研究血清NGAL水平在CHD诊断中的价值,本研究通过ROC曲线进行评价,结果显示,血清NGAL水平预测CHD发生的灵敏度为74.8%,特异度为96.0%,ROC曲线下面积为0.875,表明血清NGAL水平可作为诊断CHD的潜在指标。

    综上,CHD病人血清NGAL和hs-CRP水平的变化程度与CHD病情及冠状动脉狭窄严重程度密切相关,检测血清NGAL水平对CHD病人的病情诊断有重要的指导作用。

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