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Volume 49 Issue 1
Jan.  2024
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Efficacy and prognosis of low molecular weight heparin combined with magnesium sulfate for the treatment of early-onset preeclampsia

  • Corresponding author: WAN Min, 13966066556@139.com
  • Received Date: 2021-08-25
    Accepted Date: 2022-04-11
  • ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and prognosis of low molecular weight heparin combined with magnesium sulfate for the treatment of early-onset preeclampsia.MethodsEighty patients with early-onset preeclampsia were selected and divided into the observation group and control group according to the treatment method, with 40 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with low molecular weight heparin combined with magnesium sulfate, and the control group was treated with magnesium sulfate.The levels of blood pressure, indicators of coagulation function and renal function, and pregnancy outcome were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.ResultsThere were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, urinary nitrogen (BUN) and 24-h urine protein (24-h UP) between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05);after treatment, the levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, BUN and 24-h UP in the observation group were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and which were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).There was no significant difference in the level of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05), but there were significant differences in prothrombin time (PT) and D-dimer level (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01);after treatment, the levels of APTT, PT and D-dimer in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the level of D-dimer in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01).The gestational week in the observation group was significantly longer than that in the control group (P < 0.01), the neonatal asphyxia rate was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in perinatal mortality between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionsLow molecular weight heparin combined with magnesium sulfate for the treatment of early-onset preeclampsia can improve the coagulation function and renal function of the patients, prolong the gestational week, and improve the maternal and infant outcomes, which is worthy of population.
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  • [1] 朱宇, 王素萍, 史彦涛. 血清炎症因子在子痫前期病人发病中的作用机制及与氧化应激因子的相关性[J]. 蚌埠医学院学报2020, 45(6): 799.
    [2] 凌利, 李苒苒, 马少平. 124例早发型重度子痫前期妊娠结局分析[J]. 中国医学工程, 2019, 27(8): 57.
    [3] 高志伟. 硫酸镁联合低分子量肝素治疗早发型子痫前期临床疗效及对妊娠结局的影响[J]. 医学理论与实践, 2016, 29(16): 2233.
    [4] 王璐, 李睿, 黄新明, 等. 血细胞分析参数与子痫前期的相关性分析[J]. 蚌埠医学院学报, 2019, 44(7): 943.
    [5] 冯永玲. 拉贝洛尔治疗早发型重度子痫前期的效果及对血流动力学指标和妊娠结局的影响[J]. 海峡药学, 2019, 21(8): 233.
    [6] 雷良艳, 雷敏, 严玉君. 低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗重度子痫前期的疗效分析[J]. 海峡药学, 2019, 31(1): 118.
    [7] 原昕. 比较低分子量肝素联合硫酸镁和常规硫酸镁治疗早发型子痫前期的疗效[J]. 中国现代药物应用, 2017, 11(16): 134.
    [8] SKEITH L, RODGER M. Anticoagulants to prevent recurrent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: is it time to put the needles away?[J]. Thrombosis Res, 2017, 151(1): S38.
    [9] GOMATHY E, LAHARI A, KONDAREDDY R. Early-onset and late onset preeclampsia maternal and perinatal outcomes in a rural tertiary health center[J]. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol, 2018, 7(6): 2266. doi: 10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182333
    [10] RAYMOND D, PETERSON E. A critical review of early onset and late-onset preeclampsia[J]. Obstet Gynecol Surv, 2011, 66(8): 497. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0b013e3182331028
    [11] BOYD HA, TAHIR H, WOHLFAHRT J, et al. Associations of personal and family preeclampsia history with the risk of early-, intermediate- and late-onset preeclapmsia[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 2013, 178(11): 1611. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt189
    [12] JHJAV. Risk of pre-eclampsia aftter kidney donation: primumnonnocere[J]. Natl Med J India, 2014, 27(6): 324.
    [13] ALKEMA L, CHOU D, HOGAN D, et al. GLOBAL, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group[J]. Lancet, 2016, 387(10017), 462.
    [14] TIKKANEN M. Placental abruption: epidemiology, risk factors and consequences[J]. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2011, 90(2): 140. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2010.01030.x
    [15] 杨艳华, 吴军, 黄银娥. 不同类型妊娠期高血压疾病对妊娠结局的影响[J]. 蚌埠医学院学报, 2020, 3, 45(3): 363. .
    [16] 卜春艳, 范永周, 王素影, 等. 硫酸镁注射液联合低分子肝素钠治疗重度子痫前期疗效及对GSN、VDBP和凝血功能影响[J]. 中国计划生育学杂志, 2019, 27(11): 1482.
    [17] NEYKOVA K, DIMITROVA V, DIMITROV R. The effect of antithrombotic therapy on the recurrence of placenta-mediated diseases in pregnancy[J]. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2020, 35(8): 1462.
    [18] 陈爱妮, 王美兰, 张莉萍. 低分子量肝素联合硫酸镁和常规硫酸镁治疗早发型子痫前期的效果对比[J]. 中国当代医药, 2018, 25(9): 87.
    [19] THERIAULT T, TOUCHETTE M, GOUPILL V, et al. Thromboprophylaxis adherence to the ninth edition of American college of chest physicians antithrombotic guidelines in a tertiary care centre: a cross sectional study[J]. J Eval Clin Pract, 2016, 22(6): 956. doi: 10.1111/jep.12569
    [20] PATRICK J, DILLAHA L, ARMAS D, et al. A randomized trial to assess the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a single dose of an extended-release aspirin formulation[J]. Postgraduate Med, 2015, 127(6): 573. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2015.1050341
    [21] 王珊, 张燕. 硫酸镁对子痫前期患者血清血管内皮生长因子血管性血友病因子的表达及尿蛋白定量的影响分析[J]. 山西医药杂志, 2016, 45(16): 1862.
    [22] 李莉. 低分子肝素钠辅助治疗对子痫前期患者凝血功能及肾功能的影响[J]. 临床心身疾病杂志, 2017, 23(3): 40.
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Efficacy and prognosis of low molecular weight heparin combined with magnesium sulfate for the treatment of early-onset preeclampsia

    Corresponding author: WAN Min, 13966066556@139.com
  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu Affiliated to Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Anhui 233000, China

Abstract: ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and prognosis of low molecular weight heparin combined with magnesium sulfate for the treatment of early-onset preeclampsia.MethodsEighty patients with early-onset preeclampsia were selected and divided into the observation group and control group according to the treatment method, with 40 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with low molecular weight heparin combined with magnesium sulfate, and the control group was treated with magnesium sulfate.The levels of blood pressure, indicators of coagulation function and renal function, and pregnancy outcome were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.ResultsThere were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, urinary nitrogen (BUN) and 24-h urine protein (24-h UP) between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05);after treatment, the levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, BUN and 24-h UP in the observation group were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and which were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).There was no significant difference in the level of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05), but there were significant differences in prothrombin time (PT) and D-dimer level (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01);after treatment, the levels of APTT, PT and D-dimer in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the level of D-dimer in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01).The gestational week in the observation group was significantly longer than that in the control group (P < 0.01), the neonatal asphyxia rate was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in perinatal mortality between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionsLow molecular weight heparin combined with magnesium sulfate for the treatment of early-onset preeclampsia can improve the coagulation function and renal function of the patients, prolong the gestational week, and improve the maternal and infant outcomes, which is worthy of population.

  • 子痫前期是临床孕产妇妊娠期特有的一种疾病, 是导致围生期胎儿及孕产妇死亡的一个重要原因[1]。早发型子痫前期(early-onset preeclampsia,EOPE)是指发生在妊娠34周内的重度子痫前期,属于妊娠期间高血压疾病的一种特殊类型,而过早终止妊娠会增加围生儿并发症及死亡率[2]。EOPE主要是由于病人血管内皮细胞受损后形成血栓,治疗方式主要以抗血栓为主[3],其发病机制可能与炎症细胞的超活化、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞免疫应答,释放炎性细胞因子以及产生自身抗体导致内皮功能障碍,引起血管收缩和终末器官缺血有关[4]。该病具有发病早、病情发展迅速、并发症多及新生儿存活率低等特点。及时有效地控制EOPE病人病情发展是保证妊娠和分娩顺利进行的关键。常规降压、扩张血管等针对性治疗措施治疗EOPE的效果并不理想,临床上暂无特效药物[5]。目前治疗该疾病的药物种类繁多,所以选择疗效确切、安全性高的治疗药物为病人治疗已成为临床医生的关注重点[6-7]。本研究探讨EOPE病人采取低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗的临床效果以及母婴结局。现作报道。

1.   资料与方法
  • 选择2019年3月至2020年3月于我院诊治的80例EOPE病人为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同,将病人分为观察组和对照组,各40例。观察组采用低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗,对照组采用硫酸镁治疗。2组年龄、孕周、孕次及产次差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 1)。纳入标准:符合《妇产科学(第九版)》中关于EOPE的诊断标准;孕周≤34周;单胎;均在我院住院分娩;本研究符合《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》相关要求,所有病人对研究内容知情并签署知情同意书。排除标准:合并其他妊娠期并发症;重要脏器功能不全;需立刻中止妊娠;免疫功能紊乱;伴有严重感染;伴有恶性肿瘤;对研究药物过敏;存在精神或沟通障碍;未签署知情同意书。

    分组 n 年龄/岁 孕周/周 产次/次 孕次/次
    观察组 40 27.23±0.73 30.12±0.35 1.92±0.11 2.83 ±0.16
    对照组 40 28.18±0.82 29.96±0.32 1.90 ±0.11 2.42 ±0.15
    t 1.49 0.32 0.21 1.98
    P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
  • 2组病人均给予常规降压、解痉、镇静治疗,硫酸镁(成都倍特药业有限公司,批号L210102,国药准字H32023415)静脉滴注,负荷剂量4~6 g,溶于25%葡萄糖20 mL静脉推注(15~20 min),继而1~2 g/h静脉滴注维持,24 h用量不超过25 g,用药时限不超过5 d。地西泮片(上海旭东海普药业有限公司,批号AH200302,国药准字H11020898)2.5毫克/次,2次/天;硝苯地平控释片(上海现代制药股份有限公司,批号H20000079,国药准字J20180025)30毫克/次,1次/天。观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用低分子肝素钙(海南通用同盟药业有限公司,1 mL∶ 5 000 IU,国药准字H20010300)治疗,每次5 000 IU,1次/天,皮下注射, 连续用药7 d或分娩前12 h停药,若病人治疗期间出现出血倾向, 则立即停药。

  • 比较2组治疗前后血压变化、尿氮素(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UP)、凝血功能指标[活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、D-二聚体]及妊娠结局。

  • 采用t检验、χ2检验和Fisher′s确切概率法。

2.   结果
  • 2组病人治疗前收缩压、舒张压、BUN、24 h UP差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组收缩压、舒张压、BUN、24 h UP水平均低于治疗前(P < 0.05),且均低于对照组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 2)。

    分组 n 收缩压/mmHg 舒张压/mmHg BUN/(mmol/L) 24 h UP/g
    治疗前
      观察组 40 161.00±8.75 95.05 ±7.03 7.73 ±0.49 2.70 ±0.19
      对照组 40 160.90 ±8.18 95.65±6.75 7.75 ±0.51 2.73 ±0.13
        t 0.05 0.39 0.18 0.82
        P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
    治疗后
      观察组 40 140.30 ±3.85* 89.18±3.48* 5.56 ±0.16* 0.76 ±0.66*
      对照组 40 156.50 ±8.79* 94.40±5.84 6.90±0.71* 1.45 ±0.47
        t 10.68 4.86 11.64 5.39
        P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.01
    治疗前
      观察组 40 161.00±8.75 95.05 ±7.03 7.73 ±0.49 2.70 ±0.19
      对照组 40 160.90 ±8.18 95.65±6.75 7.75 ±0.51 2.73 ±0.13
        t 0.05 0.39 0.18 0.82
        P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
    治疗后
      观察组 40 140.30 ±3.85* 89.18±3.48* 5.56 ±0.16* 0.76 ±0.66*
      对照组 40 156.50 ±8.79* 94.40±5.84 6.90±0.71* 1.45 ±0.47
        t 10.68 4.86 11.64 5.39
        P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.01
    组内比较*P < 0.05
  • 2组病人治疗前APTT水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), PT、D-二聚体水平差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05和P < 0.01);2组治疗后APTT、PT、D-二聚体水平均低于治疗前(P < 0.05),且观察组治疗后D-二聚体水平明显低于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 3)。

    分组 n APTT/s PT/s D-二聚体/(μg/L)
    治疗前
      观察组 40 26.88±2.71 13.94 ±0.50 408.02 ±21.67
      对照组 40 27.04±2.96 13.73 ±0.71 426.78 ±23.38
        t 0.25 2.58 3.72
        P >0.05 < 0.05 < 0.01
    治疗后
      观察组 40 23.44±6.24* 11.16 ±1.06* 171.88±4.13*
      对照组 40 24.03±5.19* 10.78 ±0.87* 198.75 ±3.17*
        t 0.46 1.75 32.64
        P >0.05 >0.05 < 0.01
    组内配对t检验:P < 0.05
  • 观察组妊娠周数明显长于对照组(P < 0.01),新生儿窒息率低于对照组(P < 0.05),2组围产儿死亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表 4)。

    分组 n 妊娠周数 新生儿窒息 围产儿死亡
    观察组 40 35.8±0.85 2(5.00) 0(0.00)
    对照组 40 34.0 ±0.14 8(20.00) 1(2.50)
    t 13.17 4.11 1.01
    P < 0.01 < 0.05 >0.05
    △示χ2值;▲示Fisher′s确切概率法
3.   讨论
  • 子痫前期是一种潜在的威胁孕妇生命安全的高血压疾病,发生在妊娠20周后,被定义为收缩压≥140 mmHg和舒张压≥90 mmHg,以及>0.3 g/24 h尿蛋白定量[8-9]。可分为早发型(妊娠在34周前)和迟发型(妊娠在34周后)[10],其他学者也有将子痫前期分为早发型(低于34周)/中间型(34~37周之间)和晚发型(37周后)[11]。EOPE属于子痫前期的一种特殊类型, 该病易引起孕妇肝肾功能的损害,严重影响母婴健康[12],此外还可造成孕妇胎盘功能不全,引起子宫胎盘血管功能异常,导致严重的妊娠并发症,包括子痫、胎盘早剥和胎儿宫内生长受限(IUGR),这是母亲和胎儿死亡率和发病率的主要原因[13],胎盘早剥是指妊娠20周后胎盘部分或全部脱离子宫壁,在分娩之前,或者甚至在分娩过程中都可能发生[14]。大多数孕妇妊娠结局并不理想[15]。目前临床上主要为降压、解痉对症治疗,但治疗效果并不理想。随着医疗科学不断进步,广大临床医务工作者不断创新与研究,EOPE的治疗方法在不断的完善,卜春艳等[16]认为在传统硫酸镁治疗的基础上联合低分子肝素治疗EOPE,能够达到更好的治疗效果,可改善孕妇凝血功能,纠正高血压,促进病情恢复,改善妊娠结局。一项国外研究[17]指出低分子肝素在妊娠34周之前,对预防EOPE和IUGR有积极作用, 另一项研究[18]则证明使用低分子肝素对孕妇妊娠的发展没有不良反应。应用低分子肝素对于孕妇及胎儿的疗效主要是由于它们的抗血栓作用[19-20],对微循环改善方面有着良好疗效,能够可有效保护病人肾小球,降低其通透性,提高肾脏血流量,改善孕妇肾功能[21]。低分子肝素作为抗凝血酶Ⅲ依赖性抗血栓形成药,能够有效地抑制凝血系统的激活,抑制机体内血栓形成[22]。本研究通过比较低分子肝素联合硫酸镁与传统应用硫酸镁治疗EOPE,探讨低分子肝素在治疗EOPE中的疗效,结果显示,观察组病人治疗后D-二聚体水平、收缩压、舒张压、BUN、24 h UP水平及新生儿窒息率均低于对照组,观察组妊娠周数明显长于对照组,提示低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗EOPE可明显改善孕妇的高血压水平和肾功能,延长孕周,改善母婴妊娠结局。

    综上所述,低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗EOPE能够有效地缓解病人血液高凝状态,改善肾功能,延长妊娠周数,改善母婴结局,值得推广。

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