• 中国科技论文统计源期刊
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Volume 46 Issue 1
Feb.  2021
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Effect of the body weight management on pregnant woman labor and delivery outcome

  • Received Date: 2018-11-20
    Accepted Date: 2019-12-30
  • ObjectiveTo explore the effects of body weight management on pregnant woman labor and delivery outcome.MethodsOne hundred puerperas were divided into the body weight management group and control group according to the management method(50 cases in each group).The control group was dealed with traditional management method, and the body weight management group were dealed with weight management during pregnancy.The delivery methods, perineal injury, duration of labor and adverse events were compared bewteen two groups.ResultsThe cesarean delivery rate and natural delivery rate in body weight management group were lower and higher than that in control group, respectively(P < 0.05).There were 75 cases of vaginal delivery in two groups, and the degree of vaginal damage in body weight management group was significantly lower than that in control group(P < 0.01).The first, second, third and total duration of labor in body weight management group were significantly shorter than those in control group(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).And the incidence rate of adverse pregnancy events in body weight management group was significantly lower than that in control group(P < 0.01).ConclusionsBody weight management during pregnancy can shorten the duration of labor, increase the rate of natural delivery, and reduce the incidence rate of adverse pregnancy events.
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  • [1] EGELAND GM, SKURTVEIT S, SAKSHAUG S, et al. Low calcium intake in midpregnancy is associated with hypertension development within 10 years after pregnancy: The norwegian mother and child cohort study[J]. J Nutr, 2017, 147(9): 1757.
    [2] LEE CL, NG BK, WU LL, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy at term: risk factors and pregnancy outcomes[J]. Horm Mol Biol Clin Invest, 2017, 31(3): 3.
    [3] 王妍平, 陈叙. 成人疾病发育起源的机制探讨[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2011, 38(4): 343. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1870.2011.04.022
    [4] CHARLES MA, DELPIERRE C, BRÉANT B. Developmental origin of health and adult diseases(DOHaD): evolution of a concept over three decades[J]. Med Sci(Paris), 2016, 32(1): 15. doi: 10.1051/medsci/20163201004
    [5] HANDLOS LN, PETERSEN JH, BYGBJERG IC, et al. Role of disease and demographic factors as determinants of return migration: A nationwide register-based cohort study[J]. Scand J Public Health, 2018, 46(2): 221. doi: 10.1177/1403494817731008
    [6] BARANYI U, STERN C, WINTER B, et al. The megaaortic syndrome: Progression of ascending aortic aneurysm or a disease of distinct origin[J]. Int J Cardiol, 2017, 15(227): 717.
    [7] 袁飞飞, 吴素慧, 田凌君, 等. 孕期营养、体重管理的研究现状[J/CD]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2016, 10(10): 1476.
    [8] 谢婷. 孕妇孕期体重指数变化与妊娠结局的相关性研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(医学版), 2017, 38(2): 309.
    [9] DALRYMPLE KV, FLYNN AC, RELPH SA, et al. Lifestyle interventions in overweight and obese pregnant or postpartum women for postpartum weight management: A systematic review of the literature[J]. Nutrients, 2018, 10(11): E1704. doi: 10.3390/nu10111704
    [10] ELLIOTT-SALE KJ, BARNETT CT, SALE C. Exercise interventions for weight management during pregnancy and up to 1 year postpartum among normal weight, overweight and obese women: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Br J Sports Med, 2015, 49(20): 1336. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093875
    [11] CHEN Y, LIU Y, ZHANG Y, et al. Gestational weight gain per pre-pregnancy body mass index and birth weight in twin pregnancies: A cohort study in Wuhan, China[J]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 12496. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29774-z
    [12] SUITOR CW, OLSON C, WILSON J. Nutrition care during pregnancy and lactation: new guidelines from the Institute of Medicine[J]. J Am Diet Assoc, 1993, 93(4): 478. doi: 10.1016/0002-8223(93)92303-F
    [13] OZCAN T, BACAK SJ, ZOZZARO-SMITH P, et al. Assessing Weight Gain by the 2009 Institute of Medicine Guidelines and Perinatal Outcomes in Twin Pregnancy[J]. Matern Child Health J, 2017, 21(3): 509. doi: 10.1007/s10995-016-2134-6
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Effect of the body weight management on pregnant woman labor and delivery outcome

  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China

Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore the effects of body weight management on pregnant woman labor and delivery outcome.MethodsOne hundred puerperas were divided into the body weight management group and control group according to the management method(50 cases in each group).The control group was dealed with traditional management method, and the body weight management group were dealed with weight management during pregnancy.The delivery methods, perineal injury, duration of labor and adverse events were compared bewteen two groups.ResultsThe cesarean delivery rate and natural delivery rate in body weight management group were lower and higher than that in control group, respectively(P < 0.05).There were 75 cases of vaginal delivery in two groups, and the degree of vaginal damage in body weight management group was significantly lower than that in control group(P < 0.01).The first, second, third and total duration of labor in body weight management group were significantly shorter than those in control group(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).And the incidence rate of adverse pregnancy events in body weight management group was significantly lower than that in control group(P < 0.01).ConclusionsBody weight management during pregnancy can shorten the duration of labor, increase the rate of natural delivery, and reduce the incidence rate of adverse pregnancy events.

  • 流行病学调查[1]显示,孕妇孕期营养不良、消瘦、肥胖都可影响胎儿的生长发育,成年时期发生慢性疾病的概率亦与此相关。孕期营养是孕期保健的重要内容,孕期体质量是反映孕妇及胎儿营养状况的重要指标,对孕期体质量进行定期监测,根据体质量情况适当调整饮食结构,将体质量维持在合理的范围,对于产妇和胎儿健康具有重要意义[2]。本研究分析孕期体质量管理对孕妇产程和分娩结局的影响。现作报道。

1.   资料与方法
  • 选取2017年4-12月我院收治的100例产妇纳入本次研究。纳入标准:年龄20~38岁;单胎初产,子宫发育正常;对本研究知情同意。排除标准:伴有妊娠期贫血、免疫性疾病、糖尿病、心脑血管疾病、代谢性疾病、肝肾功能障碍、高血压;胎位不正;妊娠过程中伴有并发症或合并症。根据管理方法将100例产妇分为体质量管理组和对照组,各50例。2组产妇的年龄、孕周、孕前体质量指数(BMI)均具有可比性。

  • 对照组给予传统管理方法,孕期按时体检,通过健康教育对运动、饮食等方面进行干预。体质量管理组给予孕期体质量管理,根据孕妇BMI计算每日所需能量,制定个性化食谱,一对一进行指导,确保孕妇营养均衡。指导孕妇根据自身体能进行中等强度运动,改掉不良饮食习惯,严禁暴饮暴食,戒烟酒,早睡早起,保持心情愉悦。确保BMI在正常水平(19.9~26.0 kg/m2),体质量增加值维持在11.5~16.0 kg。同时帮助产妇学习运用呼吸技巧,进行神经肌肉控制运动,减轻分娩疼痛。

  • 比较2组产妇分娩方式,比较经阴道分娩产妇的会阴损伤情况,比较2组产妇的产程和妊娠不良事件(产程阻滞、产后出血、巨大儿、胎儿窘迫、新生儿病理性黄疸、新生儿窒息)发生情况。

  • 采用t检验和χ2检验。

2.   结果
  • 体质量管理组产妇的剖宫产率低于对照组,自然分娩率高于对照组(P < 0.05)(见表 1)。2组经阴道分娩产妇共75例,体质量管理组的会阴道损伤程度明显低于对照组(P < 0.01)(见表 2)。

    分组 n 剖宫产 自然分娩 产钳助产 χ2 P
    体质量管理组 50 5(10.0) 44(88.0) 1(2.0)
    对照组 50 16(32.0) 31(62.0) 3(6.0) 9.02 < 0.05
    合计 100 21(21.0) 75(75.0) 4(4.0)
    分组 n Ⅰ度裂伤 Ⅱ度裂伤 侧切 χ2 P
    体质量管理组 44 27(61.36) 15(34.09) 2(4.55)
    对照组 31 6(19.35) 15(48.39) 10(32.26) 16.95 < 0.01
    合计 75 33(44.0) 30(40.0) 12(16.0)
  • 体质量管理组产妇的第一产程、第二产程、第三产程和总产程均短于对照组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)(见表 3)。

    分组 n 第一产程 第二产程 第三产程 总产程
    体质量管理组 50 391.5±42.6 34.3±3.6 8.5±1.2 432.5±33.7
    对照组 50 585.3±56.9 72.5±8.4 9.0±1.0 665.3±57.8
    t 19.28 29.56 2.26 24.6
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.01
  • 2组不良事件主要包括产程阻滞、产后出血、巨大儿、胎儿窘迫、新生儿病理性黄疸、新生儿窒息。体质量管理组妊娠不良事件发生率为32.0%(16/50),明显低于对照组的64.0%(32/50)(χ2=10.26, P < 0.01)。

3.   讨论
  • 多项流行病学调查研究结果显示,成年人某些疾病的发生与胎儿时期的生长发育状况有一定的关系[3]。孕妇孕期营养不良、消瘦、肥胖都可能会影响胎儿的生长发育,成年时期发生慢性疾病的概率将大大增加[4],慢性支气管炎、冠心病、糖尿病、癌症、骨质酥松等疾病的发生均与此有关[5-6]。据调查,73%的孕妇体质量增长超过了世界卫生组织的推荐值,巨大胎儿的发生率为7%~10%,导致剖宫产率居高不下,妊娠高血压疾病、难产、助产率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息等发生率也有所增加[7-8]。孕妇在妊娠前体质量过重也会增加妊娠期及分娩的风险[9]。因此,不仅要重视分娩时期,更应在生命产生的早期对不利因素进行监测和干预。

    孕期营养是孕期保健的重要内容,在此期间,孕妇将经历40周漫长的过程,摄入的营养不仅要满足自身的生理变化,还应提供胎儿生长发育所必须的营养[10]。孕期体质量的增加源于胎儿、胎盘、羊水、组织液、乳腺组织、脂肪储备等,孕期体质量是反应孕妇及胎儿营养状况的重要指标,还与妊娠结局关系密切[11]。因此,应对孕期体质量进行定期监测,根据体质量情况适当调整饮食结构,将体质量维持在合理的范围。

    孕期体质量管理由来已久,早在1990年,美国医学研究院就发表报告推荐了孕期体质量的参考范围[12]。2009年,美国医学研究院再次颁布指南,丰富了孕期体质量管理的具体内容[13]。我国关于孕期体质量管理的研究相对较晚,尚未形成统一的管理方案和指南。本院近年来,将孕期体质量管理逐步应用于临床实践中,从营养管理、运动管理、生活方式管理出发,总原则是在营养素摄入全面均衡的基础上进行适当的体质量增加,做到依据不同孕期的营养素摄入需求,确定不同孕期的膳食结构以及推荐量。并定期评估孕期营养情况,给出营养建议。孕妇在整个孕期可以开始或持续进行常规的体能运动计划,但在倡导孕期运动的同时,也要评估运动指征,排除具有不能运动的医学原因。生活方面,应保持生活规律,保证充足的睡眠,保持心情的轻松和乐观,养成自我监测体质量的习惯。

    本研究发现,体质量管理组产妇的剖宫产率明显低于对照组(10.0% vs 32.0%),自然分娩率明显高于对照组(88.0% vs 62.0%),会阴Ⅰ度裂伤比率明显高于对照组(61.36% vs 19.35%),侧切比例明显低于对照组(4.55% vs 32.26%)。体质量管理组各产程时间及总产程时间均明显短于对照组。对妊娠不良事件的统计结果也显示,体质量管理组的妊娠不良事件发生率明显低于对照组。可见,孕期体质量管理能够有效避免孕妇体质量超重,降低因体质量因素所致的难产率,提高胎儿娩出的速度,减少妊娠不良事件的发生率。

    综上所述,孕期应加强规范检查并对孕妇进行个性化的体质量管理,将体质量控制在合理范围,对于控制剖宫产率、减少妊娠不良事件发生率具有积极的作用。本次研究样本量虽然较少,但是研究结果证实个性化的孕期体质量管理初见成效。在今后的研究中,需要扩大样本量,并制定适合中国人的孕期增重标准,以更好的指导孕期保健。

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